TROPHIC LEVELS OF ECOSYSTEM WITH ENERGY FLOW AND CHEMICAL CYCLING

ARUNDHATI PAULDepartment of Biotechnology

SUBJECT- ECOLOGY

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMCommunity of living and non-living thatinteract with each others in a given areawithin environment.

Trophic Levels of Ecosystem

WHAT IS TROPHIC LEVEL ?

Trophic levels are the feeding levels or positions in a food chain or a food web , from where organisms obtain

their energy.

Basic Classification Of Trophic Levels

Trophic Levels

AUTOTROPHIC PRODUCERS

HETEROTROPHIC

CONSUMERS

DECOMPOSERS

PRODUCERS – THE AUTOTROPH

Classifications among Consumers

Different consumers

There is also another classification among Consumers , these are -

HERBIVORES CARNIVORES OMNIVORES

DECOMPOSERS / DETRITIVORES

FUNGI ROD SHAPED AND SPHERICAL BACTERIA

TROPHIC STRUCTURE

FOOD CHAINA Food Chain is a linear network of links in each Trophic levels starting from producer organisms and ending at apex predator species , detritivores or decomposer species.

FOOD WEB

A TYPICAL FOOD WEB

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID

An Ecological Pyramid is an illustration of the bio-productivity as well as the reduction of energy at each trophic level of ecosystem.

Pyramid of Number

MICRO-ORGANISMS OR PARASITES

BIRDST

REE

Pyramid of Biomass

WOLF10 Kg/m2/yr

GRASS1000

Kg/m2/yr

SHARKS

ZOOPLANKTONS & FISHES

PHYTOPLANKTON

Pyramid of Energy

Energy, Mass and Trophic Levels

Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems

These production is done by the Producers or by the autotrophs.

And for this initial production there in the ecosystem has a dynamical role of energy and nutrients.

Ecosystem Energy BudgetsThe Global Energy BudgetEarth’s primary producers create about 150

billion metric tons (1.50 x 10^14 kg) of organic material each year.

Primary ProductivityGross and Net Production GPP (Gross Primary Production) NPP (Net Primary Production) NEP (Net Ecosystem Production)Secondary Productivity

DETERMINING THE PRIMARY PRODUCTION

Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient.

PRODUCTION EFFICIENCYTHE PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY STORED IN ASSIMILATED FOOD THAT IS NOT USED FOR RESPIRATION.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING

WATER CYCLE

Carbon cycle

PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE

NITROGEN CYCLE

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