PPSE Standard for IChemE

ADVANCINGCHEMICALENGINEERINGWORLDWIDE

Standard for professional engineering competence in process safety

knowledge experience commitment

Professional

Process Safety Engineer

Professional Process Safety Engineer Standard

www.icheme.org

Contents

Foreword 3

Purpose 4

The Professional Process Safety standard 6

Education 9

Initial and continuing professional development 11

Professional behaviour 12

Help and advice 13


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Professional engineers routinely use their judgement and experience to solve problems when the limits of scientific knowledge or mathematics are evident. Their constant intent is to limit or eliminate risk. Their most successful creations recognise human fallibility. Complexity is a constant companion. Nowhere is this more important than in the field of process safety. The design and operation of high-hazard processes simply must be robust, and to the very highest standards.

Individuals aspiring to be recognised as professional engineers need independent assessment of their competence. Even for those whose reputation is secure, the process of registration offers a means to demonstrate recognition by ones peers, and an encouragement to others.

IChemE provides the means to achieve this professional recognition, in the context of process safety, through the Professional Process Safety Register.

Foreword

Professional process safety engineering is not just a job

it is a mindset and a way of life.


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Process safety is focussed on the prevention of catastrophic accidents associated with loss of containment of energy or chemicals hazardous to people and the environment. Effective process safety management requires the application of engineering and management skills within a holistic, systematic approach to assuring the safe design and integrity of operations.

The overarching purpose of this standard is to help organisations raise standards of process safety management by defining competences expected of a professional process safety engineer.

This standard describes the value of becoming registered as a process safety professional. It describes the requirements that have to be met for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration, and gives examples of ways of doing this. This standard will enable individuals and employers to find out whether they or their staff can meet the requirements, and explains the steps necessary to achieve registered professional engineers. Registrants carry many responsibilities, including the need to observe a professional code of conduct. These are described here, together with advice on how to maintain registration.

IChemE is a global professional membership and qualifying body for the chemical engineering profession. Established in 1922 to advance chemical engineering for the benefit of society at large, a primary aspect of IChemEs work is maintenance of various professional memberships and registrations in support of the profession. Its members are drawn from a multitude of industry sectors, academic institutions and other stakeholders.

Many of IChemEs members operate in high-hazard industries and IChemE is fortunate to have within its membership considerable expertise in the field of process safety. IChemE recognises the paramount importance and need for competence in process safety and has therefore developed this standard to help fulfill its societal obligations worldwide.

This document sets out the threshold generic competence standards for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration and includes illustrations of the kind of evidence which would help demonstrate these competences.

To satisfy requirements for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration, candidates will need to be able to demonstrate through peer review that they can:

provide satisfactory evidence of competence in each of the defined competence areas

demonstrate technical leadership in, preferably, several of these competencies

demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how they have integrated these competencies to provide effective process safety management

What is competence?Professional competence integrates knowledge, understanding, skills and values. It goes beyond the ability to perform specific tasks. The formation process through which engineering professionals in the field of process safety become competent generally involves a combination of formal education and further training and experience (generally known as professional development). These different elements are not necessarily separate or sequential, and they may not always be formally structured.

Career developmentIChemEs registrants include Chartered Engineers, Incorporated Engineers and Engineering Technicians. The competencies of each of them are often needed within an engineering team. Achievement of professional registration that assures competence is valuable recognition in its own right. Life-long learning and career development may also enable individuals to progress within the registration structure. Evidence of competence is the key requirement for progression, and normally there will be a need for additional

education and training to enable progression to be recognised, although this may vary in nature.

Process safety professionals, like many engineering professionals, can register with IChemE following presentation and peer review of their competencies and qualifications, and successful demonstration of a personal and professional commitment to their profession. This standard describes these threshold competencies.

Why register?Professional registration has many benefits for individuals and employers, as well as for the economy and society.

Registration sets professionals apart from those who are not registered. It establishes their proven knowledge, understanding and competence. In particular, registration demonstrates a commitment to professional standards, and to developing and enhancing competence. Professional registration gives an edge to candidates applying for technical positions

The purpose of the Professional Process Safety Engineer standard


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in the field of process safety. Professional Process Safety Engineer registration also links process safety practitioners into IChemE, which, as a recognised and international professional engineering institution, offers significant resources in the field of process safety. These provide professional development opportunities and access to expert networks within the field. Resources include regular specialist publications, web-based facilities, access to process safety training, and opportunities to network with colleagues with similar professional interests.

Employers of registered process safety professionals benefit through the assurance of knowing that their employees have had their competence independently assessed, their credentials verified, and their commitment to continuing professional development established. These employees will have gained the recognition of their peers as meeting recognised international standards for knowledge and experience. Maintaining registration ensures that they are exposed to new developments in their profession, and provides numerous opportunities to benefit from these. It means that, as professionals, they are governed by a professional code of conduct, and receive reminders and assistance in determining their obligations under this code.

Registration is also a regular reminder of their professional standing and their obligations to society. Some employers use the competence framework offered by registration as a basis for their own organisational needs, and rely on achievement of registration to demonstrate readiness for promotion.

In some cases, evidence of employing registered engineering professionals will be necessary for the award of contracts. Professional Process Safety Engineer registration with IChemE may prove helpful in tendering for work and for applying for process safety roles.

How to registerProfessional Process Safety Engineer registration is open to everyone who can demonstrate competence to perform professional process safety work to the necessary standards, and commitment to:

maintain their competence

work within professional codes

participate actively within the profession.

Candidates who believe they measure up to this standard, or who wish to work towards Professional Process Safety Engineer registration, should consult www.icheme.org to obtain further details of how to apply for registration. The assessment process known as a professional review normally takes from two to four months, depending on the extent to which education and training is found to meet the standards

requirements, and the availability of experienced assessors.

The process of assessment starts with an online application made in accordance with the requirements of IChemE. Any claim of qualifications, experience or training will need to be validated by provision of formal, documented evidence. In submitting details, applicants will need to show how this relates to the required competencies.

Assessment To become registered, applicants must have their competence assessed through professional review. The assessment is made by practising process safety professionals, trained in this kind of assessment, who currently hold Professional Process Safety Engineer registration. Applicants are assessed against the competence standards described in this document.

A formal interview with two assessors always forms a part of the process and, following a review of the documented evidence, IChemE will decide whether the applicant is ready for this. IChemE will be able to advise how best to present evidence of training and experience. Where deficiencies emerge IChemE will usually be able to suggest ways in which they can be addressed (although this may involve further training or additional experience). On completion of the professional review, a decision will be made by the appropriate professional formation forum. A positive decision will result in Professional Process Safety Engineer registration of the candidate and membership of IChemE in the relevant grade. Retention of the title will require continued membership of IChemE, sustained commitment to continuing professional development and revalidation.

IChemE will maintain robust and effective systems, including procedures to deal fairly and openly with contested registration and membership decisions. Applicants may, however, appeal against the decision of IChemEs professional formation forum.

International recognitionThe standing of professionally-qualified, registered engineers is recognised around the world and in some cases qualifications are required for particular work. IChemE engages closely with stakeholders of the chemical engineering profession worldwide to promote professionalism, sharing of good practice, and to increase recognition of engineering professionals.

Many employers in the process engineering and related sectors, in design and in production, operate multi-nationally. It is anticipated that qualifying individuals will take up the Professional Process Safety Engineer registration from around the world.

The register is recognised by Engineering Council.


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Professional Engineers are characterised by their ability to develop appropriate solutions to engineering problems, using new or existing technologies, through innovation, creativity and change. They develop and apply new technologies, promote advanced designs and design methods, introduce new and more efficient production techniques, marketing and construction concepts, or pioneer new engineering services and management methods. Professional (or Chartered)

The UK-SPEC competence standard: Professional Chartered Engineers

A Use a combination of general and specialist engineering knowledge and understanding to optimise the application of existing and emerging technology.

A1 Maintain and extend a sound theoretical approach in enabling introduction and exploitation of new and advancing technology and other relevant developments.

A2 Engage in the creative and innovative development of engineering technology and continuous improvement systems.

B Apply appropriate theoretical and practical methods to the analysis and solution of engineering problems.

B1 Identify potential projects and opportunities.

B2 Conduct appropriate research, and undertake design and development of engineering solutions

B3 Implement design solutions, and evaluate their effectiveness.

C Provide technical and commercial leadership.

C1 Plan for effective project implementation.

C2 Plan, budget, organise, direct and control tasks, people and resources.

D Demonstrate effective interpersonal skills.

D1 Communicate in English with others at all levels.

D2 Present and discuss proposals.

E Demonstrate a personal commitment to professional standards, recognising obligations to society, the profession and the environment.

E1 Comply with relevant codes of conduct.

E2 Manage and apply safe systems of work.

E3 Undertake engineering activities in a way that contributes to sustainable development.

E4 Carry out continuing professional development necessary to maintain and enhance competence in their own area of practice.

The Professional Process Safety Engineer standard

Engineers are variously engaged in technical and commercial leadership and possess effective interpersonal skills.

IChemE utilises the Engineering Councils UK-SPEC standard for determination of Chartered Chemical Engineer status and registration. UK-SPEC exemplifies the core, generic competencies expected of a professional engineer. These will need to be demonstrated by any prospective registrant Professional Process Safety Engineer.


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Professional Engineers operating in the field of process safety are further characterised by their ability to develop and apply appropriate process safety solutions to technical engineering problems, using new or existing technologies, through innovation, creativity and change.

The Professional Process Safety Engineer standard exemplifies core competencies for professional practitioners in the field of process safety. These competencies must be demonstrated by any

The IChemE competence and commitment standard for Professional Process Safety Engineers:

Standard

Professional Process Safety Engineer registrants, in design, in operations or in other relevant fields, must be competent throughout their working life, by virtue of their education, training and experience, to:

Guidance

Examples of activities which could demonstrate that you have achieved the Professional Process Safety Engineer criteria

A: Ably apply knowledge and understanding of technical process safety to practical engineering situations and ably apply appropriate theoretical and practical methods to the analysis and solution of process safety problems.

A1 Hazard identification

Able to identify hazards using recognised hazard identification techniques.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of relevant techniques which, non exhaustively, could include HAZID, FMEA, and HAZOP

A2 Assessment of consequences

Able to assess hazard consequences using recognised consequence modelling techniques.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of relevant techniques which, non-exhaustively, could include fire and explosion hazard analysis; flare calculation; occupied building analysis; and escape and evacuation

A3 Control of hazards

Able to assess and implement safeguards appropriate for the hazard being considered in an operations or design environment.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of controlling hazards which, non-exhaustively, could include: inherent safety in design and operations; control of ignition; safe handling of dangerous chemicals; active and passive fire protection; managing residual risk through safe operations; and human factors engineering

A4 Risk assessment

Able to undertake risk assessment to determine whether safeguards are adequate to mitigate hazards.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of relevant topics which, non-exhaustively, could include QRA; SIL; LOPA; fault tree; event tree; human factors engineering; and management of change

applicant wishing to attain the Professional Process Safety Engineer registration through the submission of evidence within a formal report covering all sections A through E, below. This report is called the Competence & Commitment (Process Safety) Report.

As well as demonstration of a broad knowledge of process safety principles and their application, practitioners will be expected to demonstrate technical leadership in one of more of these areas, with knowledge of how they relate to process safety as a whole.


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B: Ably handle the wider implications of work as a process safety practitioner

B1 Understanding and application of relevant Regulations

Able to demonstrate effective understanding and application of regulations appropriate to the industry and geographical area(s) in which the engineer practises.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of relevant regulations which could, non-exhaustively, include: NORSOK; API; UK-HSE; ATEX; OSHA; DSEAR; and COSHH

B2 Protection of the public

Able to demonstrate understanding and application of process safety principles in reducing public risk.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of relevant topics which, non-exhaustively, could include QRA for third-party risk and land use planning, and stakeholder communication

B3 Incident investigation

Able to demonstrate understanding and experience of incident investigation and implementation of lessons learned.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of relevant incident investigations which, non-exhaustively, could include: integration of lessons learned; root cause analysis; and occupied buildings analysis

B4 Emergency planning

Able to demonstrate understanding and experience in defining emergency actions for hazards identified.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of relevant regulations topics which, non-exhaustively, could include integration of escape and evacuation risk analysis; TR integrity; and emergency evacuation procedures

C: Ably provide effective process safety leadership and communication

C1 Process safety management

Able to demonstrate understanding and personal experience of process safety management.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of PSM leadership which, non-exhaustively, could include topics such as process safety KPIs; monitoring process safety performance and organisational factor; safety and environmental management system design, and auditing

C2 Influencing process safety culture

Able to demonstrate direct influence of process safety culture during professional practice.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of influencing process safety culture(s); auditing; sharing lessons learned; training; development of safe working practices; and operating procedures

D: Ably demonstrate personal commitment to high standards of professional conduct related to process safety recognising obligations to society, the profession and the environment.

Evidence could be drawn from personal experience of commitment to high standards of conduct

E: Ably demonstrate effective continuing professional development

Evidence should include a report of CPD already undertaken with a description of benefits received as well as a gap analysis of future CPD intentions and plans to maintain personal awareness of current best practice in process safety


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EducationKnowledge and understanding of process safety are important components of professional competence. Formal education is the desirable, though not only, way of demonstrating the necessary underpinning formation of knowledge and understanding.

In the case of process safety there is limited provision and access to degree, or postgraduate, level education in the field. IChemE has, however, specified the desirable content and level of learning outcomes from a comprehensive formal programme of studies in process safety. In general terms such a programme of studies would encompass learning in areas that would include: sources of chemical hazards and their impact; hazard assessment tools; risk assessment; failure analysis tools; hazard and operability studies; safe approaches to design and operation; the role of human error and behaviour; safety management systems (SMS); safety implications of computer-controlled plant; emergency planning; and regulatory frameworks for major hazards.

A description of an exemplifying IChemE-accredited Masters-level programme is provided in Appendix A for illustrative purposes. It provides an example of an exemplifying educational content, with respect to, knowledge and understanding of process safety for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration.

Whilst some applying for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration may have acquired their knowledge and understanding through an exemplifying, formal academic programme of study, the majority will have developed their knowledge and understanding through training, practice and private study over a number of years. Professional Process Safety Engineer registration is open to all professional practitioners in process safety, engineers (and scientists) who can demonstrate knowledge and understanding as well as professional competencies and in all cases they will be required to demonstrate their ability to apply the knowledge gained.

Because of this diversity of ways in which the underpinning knowledge and understanding of process safety can be attained there are three routes to registration.


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Route 1 Professional Engineer path for individuals working in the field of process safety who are already qualified, and currently registered as professional (or Chartered) engineers from a professional engineering institution or qualifying body approved by IChemE.

A professional engineering registration automatically assures that these individuals have adequate engineering academic formation (at minimum equivalent to the Washington Accord threshold standard) and that they have been through an adequate peer review of engineering competence.

For Professional Process Safety Engineer registration individuals must also demonstrate through their peer review assessment with IChemE that they: have acquired sufficient knowledge and understanding of process safety; hold a current role of responsibility in the field of process safety; have extended experience in a role, or roles, carrying responsibility in process safety (in most cases such experience will take several years to acquire); demonstrate having attended a portfolio of relevant process safety training: and demonstrate that they are competent versus the standard.

Route 2 Exemplifying academic formation path for individuals working in the field of process safety who are not already qualified nor currently registered engineers from a professional engineering institution or qualifying body approved by IChemE but who do hold an exemplifying, or assessed by IChemE as equivalent, academic formation in process safety.

For Professional Process Safety Engineer registration individuals must also demonstrate through their peer review assessment with IChemE that they: hold a current role of responsibility in the field of process safety; have extended experience in a role, or roles, carrying responsibility in process safety (in most cases such experience will take several years to acquire); hold engineering or science academic qualifications at Bachelors level or combination of qualifications assessed as equivalent to Bachelors level outcomes; and demonstrate that they are competent versus the standard.

Route 3 Integrated career appraisal path for individuals working in the field of process safety who are not already qualified and currently registered engineers from a professional engineering institution or qualifying body approved by IChemE, nor hold an exemplifying, or assessed by IChemE as equivalent, academic formation in process safety.

They must first present evidence in the form of a detailed technical report of their knowledge and understanding on three aspects of process safety demonstrating their technical understanding of engineering and process safety principles in lieu of formal academic and professional formation in engineering and process safety.

For Professional Process Safety Engineer registration individuals must also demonstrate through their peer review assessment that they: hold a current role of responsibility in the field of process safety; have extended experience in a role, or roles, carrying responsibility in process safety (in most cases such experience will take several years to acquire); hold engineering or science academic qualifications at Bachelors level or combination of qualifications assessed as equivalent to Bachelors-level outcomes; demonstrate having attended a portfolio of relevant process safety training, (such as IChemEs Fundamentals of Process Safety programme); and demonstrate that they are competent versus the standard.

Applicants should consult www.icheme.org for advice on the most appropriate path.

Routes to registration:


Professional development

This is the key part of developing competence. It is how potential professional engineers learn to apply their knowledge and understanding and begin to apply professional judgement. This can happen at the same time as some of the formal education referred to previously, for example through an industrial placement during a higher education course, or alongside part-time study.

Larger employers run well-established graduate training and development schemes in the field of process safety. While these schemes are, of course, geared to the specific needs of their organisations, they are frequently designed to help graduates on their way to registration and may have been accredited by one or more engineering institution.

Other employers may not have schemes of this type. Process safety professionals in such employment will need to develop profiles of competence and professional activity to help them prepare for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration. In some cases employers will use competence frameworks in determining job descriptions and staff development, even without a formal scheme, and these may assist in developing a competence profile. Otherwise aspiring Professional Process Safety Engineer registrants should use the competence and commitment statements and seek advice and guidance from IChemE, which may be able to put them in touch with a mentor to assist them through the process and help them address any gaps in their development versus the standard.

Those seeking Professional Process Safety Engineer registration should maintain a detailed record of their development, responsibilities and experience, verified by superiors or mentors, to provide evidence for the professional review.

Maintaining competence

Candidates applying for Professional Process Safety Engineer registration will be required to show reflective evidence that they have taken planned steps to ensure that their competence is maintained, and that they plan to continue to do this. This is an important part of recognition as a process safety professional.

IChemE requires Professional Process Safety Engineer registrants to actively maintain CPD and to have records reviewed every five years to retain Professional Process Safety Engineerregistration.

It is important that anyone seeking registration recognises that this will entail obligations and an ongoing commitment.

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Initial and continuing professional development


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Professional Process Safety Engineer registrants are, as a minimum, expected to be members of IChemE and observe the requirements of IChemEs Code of Professional Conduct. This code places a personal obligation on its members to act with integrity and in the public interest. It is worded in such a way as to encourage Professional Process Safety Engineer registrants to act in accordance with ethical principles.*

*Note: The Royal Academy of Engineering and the Engineering Council, working with a number of UK professional engineering institutions, published in 2007 a Statement of Ethical Principles. The statement sets a standard to which members of the engineering profession should aspire in their working habits and relationships. The values on which it is based should apply in every situation in which professional engineers exercise their judgement. See www.engc.org.uk/EthicalPrinciples.

Professional code of conduct

IChemEs Code of Professional Conduct obliges its members to:

1. Prevent avoidable danger to health or safety.

2. Prevent avoidable adverse impact on the environment.

3. (i) Maintain their competence.

(ii) Undertake only professional tasks for which they are competent.

(iii) Disclose relevant limitations of competence.

4. (i) Accept appropriate responsibility for work carried out under their supervision.

(ii) Treat subordinates fairly and without bias.

(iii) Encourage others to advance their learning and competence.

5. (i) Avoid where possible real or perceived conflict of interest.

(ii) Advise affected parties when such conflicts arise.

6. Observe the proper duties of confidentiality owed to appropriate parties.

7. Reject bribery and other corrupt practices.

8. Assess relevant risks and liability, and, if appropriate, hold professional indemnity insurance.

9. Notify IChemE if convicted of a criminal offence or upon becoming bankrupt or disqualified as a company director.

10. Notify IChemE of any significant violation of IChemEs Code of Professional Conduct by another member.

11. Be mindful at all times of the dignity of the profession in their personal conduct.

IChemE is obliged to respond to allegations of infringement of the code and may suspend or remove membership and registration if proven. IChemE therefore maintains an appropriate disciplinary process to deal with breaches of its Code of Professional Conduct.

Professional behaviour


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Guidance notes for individuals wishing to apply for registration are available at www.icheme.org

Further help and advice on membership, or education and training issues in process safety may be obtained from IChemE at www.icheme.org or through the IChemE Safety Centre www.icheme.org/safetycentre

If additional advice is required contact IChemEs membership department through [email protected] or via the contact details given on the back of this document.

Help and advice


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Appendix A

Description of an exemplifying IChemE-accredited degree programme having approved learning outcomes in process safety and loss prevention

Risk assessment and criteria setting

Hazard assessment tools: safety legislation; qualitative risk assessment; terminology; project life cycle; past incident lessons learnt; safety management systems; introduction to hazard identification; HAZOP; fault tree analysis; event tree analysis; risk predictions; average fatal risk; risk contours; and fatal accident rate.

Design for safe handling of industrial chemicals

Sources of ignition; dust explosions; electrostatic ignition; overview of design for fire and explosions; safe handling of LPG; inerting and flammability diagrams; pressure relief systems; assessment and prevention of runaway reactions; relief piping and disposal systems; environmental protection management and auditing; environmental harm indices; environmental risk assessment; occupational medicine; occupational exposure and biological monitoring; control of substances hazardous to health; and workplace exposure to biological agents.

Hazards in process plant design and operation

Mechanical failure; tutorial calculations in fracture mechanics; corrosion; maintenance management to avoid failures; data-gathering systems and fault diagnosis; classification of hazardous areas; Chemical Agents Directive; Explosive Atmospheres Directive (ATEX 137), Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres (DSEAR); Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH); and inherent safety.

Human error and behaviour

Human factors; human and system-induced error; rules, procedures and violations; learning lessons from accidents; addressing systematic causes of accidents; communication and shift hand-over; consensus-based approach to risk management; task error assessment methods; and human error quantification.

Hazard and operability study (HAZOP)

The HAZOP technique; place of HAZOP in risk management; HAZOP study reporting; HAZOP application to processes; the psychology of perception; information required; documentation generated; management of HAZOP studies; and non-process applications of HAZOP.

Process safety management and loss prevention

Risk assessment and land use planning; RISKPLOT; management measures to prevent major accidents (MAPP) and (SMS), SMS and COMAH safety reports; successful health and safety management; lessons from losses in high-hazard industries; insuring major chemical hazards; the need to manage safely; policy, organisation and safety culture; how to audit effectively; risk ranking techniques; and integrating risk assessments and safety management.


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Major hazards and emergency planning

Past incidents, OSHA, COMAH, and Seveso II; consequence analysis; major accident hazards to the environment; source terms; predictive models and typical incidents; toxicity, thermal radiation and overpressure; Aspects of off-shore emergency planning and (Prevention of Fire & Explosion & Emergency Response) regulations; Aspects of emergency planning for major chemical hazards; preparing on-site and off-site emergency plans; emergency exercises and drills; emergency plans for the chemical industry; risk assessment; and transportation of dangerous goods.

Computer control and safe practice

Computers what they are and how they can go wrong; hazards in computer control; modelling systems; principles of safe computer control; IEC 61508 / 61511; establishing integrity levels for safety; sneak analysis; life cycle specifications; towards safer industrial computer-controlled systems; HAZAPS; and PES checklists.

Process plant reliability and maintainability

Availability; reliability block diagrams; reliability; maintainability; RAM improvement; RAM requirements; tools that can be used to improve RAM; failure; how to analyse and interpret failure data; and fault detection and failure location.

Provided by courtesy of Sheffield University, UK

IChemE is a registered charity in England and Wales, and a charity registered in Scotland (SC 039661)

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0753_12 launch edition April 2013

IChemE offices

Global headquarters

Rugby UK

+44 (0) 1788 578214 [email protected]

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Malaysia +60 (3) 2166 0822 [email protected]

New Zealand+64 (4) 473 [email protected]

London UK +44 (0) 20 7927 8200 [email protected]

Documents

PPSE Standard for IChemE