Pp1 Module1 Furnaces -1

8/19/2019 Pp1 Module1 Furnaces -1

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AWVMNKG[ CGZNI KN[ZLMH PVBKG[[ ZDGBV\

>

Zypgs ba prbkgssgs nmj aurmnkgs

Finst aurmnkg

Cnmuankturlmh plh lrbm uslmh finst aurmnkg?-

Plh lrbm knm fg bftnlmgj fy kdgclkni rgjuktlbm ba lrbm brg lm n

finst aurmnkg. Zdls prbkgss ls kniigj scgitlmh.

Plh lrbm kbmslsts ba?-

Lrbm (arbc lrbm brg ‛ dyjrntgs/bxljgs/knrfbmntgs)

Kbeg (;-:% ba knrfbm ls prgsgmt lm plh lrbm)

[cnii ncbumts ba suipdur

Prlmklpig ba finst aurmnkg?-

Lm n finst aurmnkg, tdg brg ls dgntgj lm tdg prgsgmkg ba

knrfbm (knrfbm lm tdg abrc ba knrfbm cbmbxljg) wdlkd

kbcflmgs wltd bxyhgm lm tdg brg nmj rgjukgs tdg brg tb lrbm.

N typlkni finst aurmnkg dns?-

>.

Lmtgrmni vbiucg ‛ :180 c;

6.

Finst vbiucg ‛ 8:00 c;/clm

;.

Finst tgcpgrnturg ‛ >610°K

:. Augi rntlb ‛ 717 eh/tbm

7.

Xglhdt ‛


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6

Cnlm kbcpbmgmts ba tdg finst aurmnkg nrg?-

>. Dgnrtd (Ibwgr sgktlbm)?-

Lt ls kyilmjrlkni nmj ilmgj wltd rgarnktbry knrfbm

frlkes.

Fulit bm abumjntlbm nmj sgrvgs ns kbiigktlmh fnslm abr

cbitgm cgtni.

Nvgrnhg jgptd?- ;.7 c.


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;

Lt dns n tnp-dbig tdrbuhd wdlkd cbitgm cgtni knm fg

rgcbvgj nmj n mbtkd (>.6->.8 c nfbvg fnsg) tb

rgcbvg cbitgm sinh.

6.

Fbsd (Cljjig sgktlbm)?-

Lt ls tdg scgitlmh zbmg nmj tdg dbttgst pnrt ba tdg

aurmnkg.

Gxtgmjs fgibw tdg tuygrg igvgi, wltd butwnrj sibpg

ba 60° up tb n dglhdt ba ;.1c.

(Zuygrg?- lmigts tdnt njclt dbt nlr abr kbcfustlbm nmjrgnktlbms nmj ibkntgj nt tdg pgrlpdgry mgnr tdg tbp ba dgnrtd.)

;.

Kdnrhlmh cgkdnmlsc (Wppgr sgktlbm)?-

Ibkntgj nt tdg tbp ba tdg stnke.

([tnke?- rghlbm nfbvg fbsd)

Kbmslsts ba jbufig fgii nmj dbppgr nrrnmhgcgmt

(Jbufig fgii nmj dbppgr nrrnmhgcgmt?- Brg ls jucpgj lm n

dbppgr nmj tdgm tdg tbp fgii (sbrt ba vnivg) bpgms, pgrclttlmh

tdg kdnrhg tb anii tb fbttbc. Zdgm tbp fgii kibsgs nmj fbttbc

fgii bpgms nmj kdnrhg gmtgrs stnke.)

Xbrelmh?-


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:

Zdg kdnrhg (brg, aiux, kbeg) ls lmtrbjukgj lmtb tdg

tdrbnt ba aurmnkg fy jbufig fgii nmj dbppgr

nrrnmhgcgmt.

N dbt finst ba nlr ls tdgm abrkgj lmtb aurmnkg tdrbuhd

tuygrgs wdlkd nrg kbbigj fy wntgr klrkuintgjfgtwggm tdg plpg wniis.

Nlr finst ls dgntgj tb clmlclzg tdg augi kbmsucptlbm

fy pnsslmh kbij finst tdrbuhd dgntgr kdgkegr wbre br

dbt finst stbvgs.

Ilcgstbmg (aiux) kbcflmgs wltd brg tb abrc cbitgm

sinh wdlkd ls tnppgj baa arbc tdg aurmnkg uslmh n sinhdbig.

Nt tdg sncg tlcg, lrbm plkes up ;-:% ba knrfbm nmj

scnii ncbumts ba suipdur arbc kbeg.

Btdgr gigcgmts sukd ns [l, Cm, P, gtk nrg jgrlvgj

arbc tdg brg.

Dlhd ncbumt ba knrfbm cnegs plh lrbm dnrj nmjfrlttig nmj umsultnfig abr wbrelmh wltd.

Dgmkg, plh lrbm ls knstgj tb abrc knst lrbm br usgj lm

stggi cnelmh aurmnkgs.


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7

Kupbin aurmnkg

Cnelmh knst lrbm uslmh plh lrbm lm kupbin aurmnkg?-

Bfogktlvg ba kupbin aurmnkg ls tb prbjukg lrbm ba jgslrgj

kbcpbsltlbm, tgcpgrnturg nmj prbpgrtlgs nt jgslrgj rntg

lm cbst gkbmbclkni cnmmgr.

Kupbins nrg nfig tb bpgrntg kbmtlmubusiy, knm dnvg dlhd

cgitlmh rntg nmj nrg gnsy nmj gkbmbclkni tb bpgrntg.

_bmgs lm kupbin?-

>.

Kruklfig zbmg?-

Zdls zbmg dgips tb kbiigkt tdg cbitgm cgtni.

Lt gxtgmjs arbc tbp ba snmj fgj tb fbttbc ba

tuygrgs.

6. Kbcfustlbm zbmg?-

Zdls zbmg lmvbivgs nktuni kbcfustlbm ba brg nmj n ibt

ba dgnt ls ilfgrntgj.

Dgmkg, tdg tgcpgrnturg ls nfbut >700°K tb >470°K. Lt ls nfbvg tuygrgs uptb n dglhdt ba >7-;0 kc.

Kdgclkni rgnktlbms lmvbivgj?-

l) K + B6 KB6 + dgnt

ll) [l + B6 [lB6 + dgnt

lll)

6Cm + B6 6CmB + dgnt

;.

Vgjuktlbm zbmg?- Zdls zbmg lmvbivgs rgjuktlbm ba KB6 tb KB. tdls

prgvgmts aurtdgr bxljntlbm tb bkkur.

Zdg tgcpgrnturg ls nrbumj >600°K

Vgnktlbm nt tdls zbmg ls?-


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1

l)

KB6 + K (kbeg) 6KB ‛ dgnt

:.

Cgitlmh zbmg?-

Lm tdls zbmg, sbilj lrbm ls cgitgj nmj tdls cbitgm lrbm

trlkeigs jbwm tb kruklfig zbmg wdlkd ls tdgm

kbiigktgj arbc tnp dbig. Zdls zbmg stnrts arbc >st inygr ba cgtni kdnrhg nfbvg

tdg kbeg fgj nmj stnmjs uptb n dglhdt ba 100°K.

Vgnktlbm nt tdls zbmg ls?-

l)

;Ag + 6KB Ag;K + KB6 7.

Prg-dgntlmh zbmg?-

Zdls zbmg kbmtnlms nii inygrs ba kupbin l.g. nitgrmntlmh

inygrs ba cgtni, kbeg nmj aiux.

Dgrg, tdg inygrs nrg prg dgntgj nrbumj n

tgcpgrnturg ba >>00°K fgabrg gmtgrlmh tdg cgitlmh

zbmg. Zdls dgntlmh ls jbmg jug tb upkbclmh hnsgs arbc

zbmgs fgibw prg dgntlmh zbmg.

Zdls zbmg stnrts nfbvg cgitlmh zbmg nmj gxtgmjs tlii

tdg fbttbc ba kupbin“s kdnrhlmh jbbr

1.

[tnke zbmg?-

Lt stnrts nfbvg prg dgntlmh zbmg nmj gmjs nt tbp bakupbin.

Lt ls usgj tb prbvljg n pnssnhg tb dbt hnsgs arbc

kupbin lmtb ntcbspdgrg.


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8

8.

[pnre nrrgstbr?-

Lt ls usgj tb prgvgmt spnre arbc gcgrhlmh butsljg

nmj kbbis tdg spnre, tdgrgfy niibwlmh bmiy scbeg tb

gsknpg arbc bpgmlmh.


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4

Xbrelmh?-

Lm tdg fghlmmlmh, tdg snmj fbttbc ls rnccgj prbpgriy

upbm jrbp fbttbc. Kbeg ls pinkgj bm snmj fbttbc nmj

alrg ls ilt.

Mbw, kbeg kdnrhgs nrg lmtrbjukgj lm kupbin tlii tdg kbeg

fgj igvgi gxtgmjs 0.87c nfbvg tuygrg igvgi.

Nlr arbc wlmj fbx pnssgs tdrbuhd tuygrgs tb tdg

kbcfustlbm zbmg.

Kdnrhgs nrg agj tdrbuhd kdnrhlmh jbbr lm nitgrmntg inygrs

ba plh lrbm nmj kbeg.(Hgmgrni cgtni augi rntlb ls >0?>)

Zdg dgnt jug tb furmlmh ba kbeg cgits plh lrbm.

Nisb, scnii ncbumt ba aiux ls njjgj wltd tdg kdnrhg wdlkd

rgcbvgs lcpurltlgs arbc tdg cgtni nmj abrcs sinh, wdlkd

aibnts bm cgtni nmj tnegm but arbc sinh dbig.

Cbitgm cgtni ls tnegm but arbc tlcg tb tlcg arbc tnp

dbig.


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<

[tggi cnelmh prbkgssgs?-

Kbccgrklni prbkgss?-

>. Fgssgcgr“s prbkgss?-

Zdls prbkgss lmvbivgs prbjuktlbm ba stggi arbc plh lrbm.

Lt ls kinsslalgj lmtb 6 typgs jgpgmjlmh upbm typg bargarnktbry ilmlmh?-

l.

Nkljlk?- Ilmlmh ls ba slilkn frlke. Lt jbgs mbt

gilclmntg pdbspdbrbus br suipdur.

ll.

Fnslk?- Ilmlmh ls ba jbibcltg. Lt rgcbvgs

pdbspdbrbus nmj nisb suipdur tb sbcg gxtgmt.

[tnhgs lm Fgssgcgr“s prbkgss?-

l.

[tnhg >?- Zdls stnhg lmvbivgs kdnrhlmh ba plh lrbm

lmtb tdg Fgssgcgr“s kbmvgrtgr nmj slilkbm nmj

cnmhnmgsg arbc brg sgpnrntg ns bxljgs nmj hb

lmtb sinh jug tb dgntlmh.


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>0

ll.

[tnhg 6?- Zdls stnhg lmvbivgs gilclmntlbm ba

knrfbm. Lt stnrts wdgm lrbm, slilkbm nmj cnmhnmgsg

nrg bxljlzgj nmj wdgm cgtni rgnkdgs suaalklgmt

dlhd tgcpgrnturg. Knrfbm ls rgcbvgj fy agrrbus

bxljg arbc sinh, wdlkd bxljlzgs knrfbm. N hns lsgvbivgj lm tdls rgnktlbm wdlkd ls rlkd lm knrfbm

cbmbxljg. Zdls hns furms baa nmj kbcgs but ns

jnzzilmh wdltg aincg.

lll. [tnhg ;?- Zdls stnhg lmvbivgs gcptylmh ba tdg

kbmvgrtgr. Lt fghlms wdgm tdg aincg jrbps wdlkd ls

n slhm tdnt knrfbm dns fggm prnktlkniiy rgcbvgj

arbc tdg kdnrhg. Gvgm sbcg jgbxljlzgrs nrg njjgj

tb tdg kdnrhg tb rgcbvg bxyhgm nmj tb frlmh

cnmhnmgsg nmj slilkbm kbmtgmt ba tdg stggi tb n

spgklalk vniug.


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>>

6.

I-J prbkgss (Ilmz & Jbmnwltz)?-

Zdg kbmvgrtgr ls ilmgj wltd rgarnktbry cntgrlnis sukd nsjbibcltg nmj cnhmgsltg. Lm tdls prbkgss, n ogt ba purg bxyhgm

(4-60% babrlhlmni). Bxyhgm ls njjgj tb rgcbvg knrfbm arbc cgtni lm

abrc ba KB.


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>6

;.

Bpgm dgnrtd prbkgss?-

Zdls prbkgss lmvbivgs 6 stnhgs?-

l. Fibwlmh cbitgm plh lrbm lm Fgssgcgr“ kbmvgrtgr.

ll.

Aurtdgr purlalkntlbm lm bpgm dgnrtd aurmnkg.

Alrst sbcg ncbumt ba stggi skrnp ls kdnrhgj nmj dgntgj

nmj tdgm pnrtiy purlalgj cbitgm lrbm (fibwm cgtni) arbc

Fgssgcgr“s kbmvgrtgr ls njjgj tb lt. Agrrbcnmhnmgsg nmj

agrrbslilkbm nrg njjgj tb frlmh stggi tb kbrrgkt kbcpbsltlbm. Nstdls prbkgss ls sibw, furmlmh gmtlrg knrfbm ls mbt prgagrrgj,

fut prbkgss knm fg tgrclmntgj wdgm rgqulrgj knrfbm kbmtgmt

ls nkdlgvgj.


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>;

:.

Gigktrlk aurmnkg prbkgss?-

Lt ls usgj tb prbjukg dlhd hrnjg niiby stggis, stnlmigss

stggi nmj dgnt rgslstnmt stggis.

Njvnmtnhgs?-

n.

Hgmgrntgs dlhd tgcpgrnturg (nfbut 6000°K) wltdbutlmtrbjuklmh bxyhgm br mltrbhgm br lcpurltlgs arbc augi lm

cgitlmh kdncfgr.

f.

Zgcpgrnturg knm fg gnsliy kbmtrbiigj.

k. Pgrclts njjltlbm ba kbstiy niibylmh gigcgmts ileg Kr, Ml,

X, gtk. wltdbut ibss fy bxljntlbm.

Zypgs ba aurmnkgs?-

>) Jlrgkt nrk aurmnkg?-

Lt kbmslsts ba n stggi tnme ilmgj wltd rgarnktbry frlkes

nmj n rgcbvnfig rbba tdrbuhd wdlkd hrnpdltg gigktrbjgs


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>:

pnss. Zdg gigktrbjgs nrg ibwgrgj lmtb aurmnkg nmj

kurrgmt ls swltkdgj bm.

Zdls kurrgmt hgmgrntgs n spnre fgtwggm tdg

gigktrbjgs, wdlkd ls usgj tb dgnt tdg kdnrhg nmj cgit lt.

Zdg kdnrhg usuniiy kbmslsts ba stggi skrnp nmj lrbmbxljg lm tdg abrc ba lrbm brg.

Plh lrbm ls mbt usgj dgrg jlrgktiy ns brg.

6)

Dlhd argqugmky lmjuktlbm aurmnkg?-

Prlmklpig?-

Xdgm nm nitgrmntlmh kurrgmt ls pnssgj tdrbuhd kbli,

cnhmgtlk algij lmjukgs gjjy kurrgmts lm tdg sgkbmjnry

klrkult, wdlkd hgmgrntgs dgnt nmj cgits tdg kdnrhg.

[gkbmjnry klrkult kbmslsts ba kruklfig kbmtnlmlmh

cgtni kdnrhg.


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>7

Xbrelmh?-

Zdls aurmnkg wbres bm nm nitgrmntlmh kurrgmt wltd n

argqugmky ba 700-6700 Dz. Xdgm tdg kurrgmt ls turmgj bm,

NK kurrgmt aibws tdrbuhd kbppgr kbli (prlcnry klrkult).

Nkkbrjlmh tb tdg prlmklpig, gjjy kurrgmts nrg

lmjukgj lm sgkbmjnry klrkult. Jug tb gigktrlkni rgslstnmkg

ba fuie cgtni, tdg kdnrhg hgts dgntgj nmj cgits (fy Obuig

dgntlmh). Kbbilmh wntgr klrkuintgs tdrbuhd tufgs bvgr

kruklfig, tb cnlmtnlm tdg tgcpgrnturg ba tdg prbkgss

wltdlm n kgrtnlm ilclt.


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Gaagkt ba kbmstltugmts bm stggi?-

Kbcpbmgmts Gaagkt

Knrfbm Lmkrgnsgs strgmhtd

[lilkbm Cnegs lrbm sbat, rgcbvgs bxljgs, lcprbvgs strgmhtd

Cnmhnmgsg Lmkrgnsgs juktlilty nmj fgmjlmh quniltlgs[uipdur Jgkrgnsgs tgmslig strgss, ylgij pblmt, knusgs antlhug

Pdbspdbrbus Lmkrgnsgs frlttigmgss

Mlkegi Lmkrgnsgs tbuhdmgss

Kdrbcluc Lmkrgnsgs kbrrbslbm rgslstnmkg

Cbiyfjgmuc Lmkrgnsgs dnrjgmnflilty

Qnmnjluc Lmkrgnsgs gigktrlkni rgslstnmkg

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Pp1 Module1 Furnaces -1