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Synthesis two or more elements or compounds

may combine to form a more complex compound. Basic form: A  +  X  →    AXEX. 2Mg(s)  +  O2(g)  →    2MgO(s)

Decomposition A single compound breaks down into its

component parts or simpler compounds. Basic form: AX  →   A  +  X Ex. CaCO3(s)  →    CaO(s)  +  CO2(g)

Single Replacement: a more active element takes the place of another

element in a compound and sets the less active one free

Basic form: A  +  BX  →    AX  +  B  EX. Fe(s)  +  CuSO4(aq)  →    FeSO4(aq)  +  Cu(s)

Double Replacement:parts of two compounds switch places to form two

new compounds. Two reactants yield two new products

EX. AB + XY ---> AY + XBEX. NaCl + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + HCl

Acids are chemicals in which the positive ion is a hydrogen atom.

HCl or H2SO4

When mixed with water they produce a free hydrogen ion that combines with a water molecule to produce a hydronium ion (H3O)

H+1 + H2O H3O+1

An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions when it breaks apart in water.

Taste sour

React with metals to produce hydrogen

2HCl + 2Na 2NaCl + H2

Conduct electricity.

Bases are substances in which the negative ion is an ion called

hydroxide (OH)-1

For example; NaOH, or KOHused to make soap, household

cleaners, fertilizers, and explosives.

Taste bitter Feel slippery Conduct electricity Sometimes Caustic. That is they eat

away at certain substances and they are irritating or damaging to skin.

A salt is a compound formed from the positive metal ions of a base and a negative nonmetal ion of an acid.NaCl, K2SO4

Are the product of a reaction between an acid and a base, along with water.

They form crystals when in solid form They usually have a higher hardness

because of their ionic bonding. An acid plus a base yields a salt and

water.HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOHHCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

A reaction between an acid and base. The products of a neutralization

reaction are a salt and water.

The pH scale gives a measure of the concentration of positive hydrogen ions in a solution. a way of describing the acidic or

basic strength of a solution.the acidity of a solution can be

expressed by using the pH scale

the scale ranges from 0 to 14 acids range from 0 to 6, with 0 being

the strongest acid bases range from 8 to 14, with 14

being the strongest base. pure water, which is neither acid nor

base, has a pH level of 7 or is neutral

Indicators are substances that visibly show a change in the nature of a chemical system.

Universal indicator- an acid/base indicator that shows, by color, the pH of a substance.

ACIDIC NEUTRAL BASIC

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