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Post harvest is the perfect time for:
disease and pest control
weed control
planting of cover crops
check the nutritional status
apply compost
What is compost?
Compost: humified material resulting from the composting process, exhibiting amending as well fertilizing character.
Why is compost? Enhancement of waste material
Erosion
Organic matter
Releases nutrients slowly
Increase soil microbial activity
May suppress diseases
Numbers…
t/ha t humus ha/year
Pruning residues 2.3 - 4.4 0.4 - 0.8 Skin and seeds 1.5 - 4.5 0.1 - 0.4 Stems 0.3 0.05 - 0.2 Leaves 1.6 - 6.3 0.2 - 0.4 Tot
0.7 - 2
1-1.5 t humus lost / ha / year
Compost and Viticulture EFFECTS REFERENCES
Reduce erosion, increase O.M. soil. Bosse, 1967 Carsoulle et al., 1986
Increase O.M. soil, increase production. Enkelmann e Volkel,1982
Improvement of the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil.
Increase in growth of young vines and production.
Scienza et al.,1987 Pinamonti et al., 1991
Increase production and sugar content Wang et al, 1991
Adsorption of heavy metals in sandy, acidic and degraded soils.
Delas, 1993
Increase in grape sugars, pH and lower acidity of musts.
Ravara, 2006
Object
How the use of compost in vineyard affect soil characteristic
and productive behavior of grapevine
The Vineyard Location: Valnogaredo
Variety Merlot
Rootstock 161-49
Training cordon spur pruning
Row distance and vine distance in a row
(m) 1,7 x 0,7
Age 3 years old
Irrigation no
Soil chemical-physical characteristic
FAO-UNESCO, 1994 - Calcaric Regosol
Schel. (g/kg)
Texture (%) pH
CE 2,5:1
(dS/m)
Lime (g/kg) C N C/N
CEC (cmol
(+) / kg) sand silt clay total active %
511 36 15 49 8,1 0,34 450 167 3,45 0,33 10 30,8
Sampling
YEAR I spring autumn
1 2 3 4 5
YEAR II spring autumn YEAR III spring autumn
YEAR I: 5 t/ha of compost
C and N microbial biomass
0100200300400500
1 2 3 4
mg/
kg
samplings
C microbial biomass No CompostCompost*
0
50
100
150
200
1 2 3 4
mg/
kg
samplings
N microbial biomass No CompostCompost*
Average crop yield and fruit composition evaluation parameters
Year I Year II Year III
NC C NC C NC C
Yield (kg/vine) 0.799 1.028 * 0.95 1.04* 0.52 0.58 n.s.
Cluster per vine (no) 7.2 7.5 * 7.3 8.3* 7.2 7.3 n.s.
Cluster weight (g) 96.6 134.6 * 94.7 115.5* 62.9 71.8 n.s.
°Brix 21.2 22.3 n.s. 24.2 25.7* 25.6 26.1 n.s.
Titratable acidity (g/L) 6.5 6.7 n.s. 6.7* 6.0 5.8 5.9 n.s.
pH 3.4 3.6 * 3.4 3.6* 3.7 3.7 n.s.
Conclusion Increase of S.O.M.
Increase of soil microbial biomass C and N
Productive parameters indicate that the application of compost can produces immediate positive effects
General conclusion Compost application affects chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil and improves the vegetative
and productive activity of vines