Upload
buidien
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Global S.M.A.R.T. Programme: Synthetics Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends
Overview Regional SMART Workshop, Phnom Penh, 24-25 July 2012
Beate Hammond, Global SMART Manager, UNODC
Structure of presentation
• The global ATS situation
• Filling the knowledge gaps – Global SMART
• News from Global SMART
ATS use is second only to cannabis- Annual drug use prevalence among people aged 15-64 years, 2009/10
11 12
125
14 14
203
56
21 2128
0
50
100
150
200C
anna
bis
Am
phet
amin
es
Ecst
asy-
Gro
up
Opi
ates
Coc
aine
Low
er/ U
pper
Pre
vale
nce
Ran
ge
(in m
illio
ns o
f use
r)
As a percentage of the population aged 15-64:
Cannabis: 2.8 – 4.5%
Amphetamines: 0.3 – 1.3%
Ecstasy-group: 0.2 – 0.6%
Opiates: 0.3 – 0.5%
Cocaine: 0.3 – 0.5%
Source: UNODC, 2011 World Drug Report.
Seizures of major drug-types, 1990-2010* (Index: 1998 = 100)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
35019
90
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Inde
x: 1
998
= 10
0
ATS Cocaine Heroin and morphine Cannabis herb and resin
* Reported as of 8 February 2012Source: UNODC, 2012 World Drug Report, June 2012.
46,421
51,33954,493
59,07862,269
65,543
58,590
70,40668,200
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Wei
ght (
kilo
gram
equ
ival
ents
)
Totalª Amphetamine Methamphetamine "Ecstasy"-type substances
Source: UNODC Database for Estimates and Long-term Trend Analysis (DELTA).a/ Including seized amphetamine, “ecstasy”-type substances, methamphetamine, non-specified amphetamine-type stimulants, other stimulants and prescription stimulants.
Amphetamine-type stimulants seized worldwide, 2002-2010
Methamphetamine tablets seized in East and South-East Asia, 2008-2010
Source: Based on data collected by the Drug Abuse Information Network for Asia and the Pacific, including data for Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, the Lao’s People Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.
• Global seizures: 45 tons
• 44 per cent increase over 2009
• Reason: high seizures in Mexico, East and South-East Asia
• Higher than amphetamine seizures first time since 2006
• Expansion in the European market
Methamphetamine market increases
“Ecstasy” seizures, by region,2001-2010
Source: Annual report questionnaire supplemented by other official sources.
• Global seizures: 3.8 tons
• Increasing seizures in East and South-East Asia (31 per cent), Oceania, Europe (seizures double)
• United States: increase in availability and use
• Indication of polydrug manufacture, “ecstasy” manufacturing in illicit methamphetamine laboratories
“Ecstasy” market recovers
MDMA content of tablets sold as “ecstasy” in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, 2006-2010
83.2% 84.6%
70.5% 70.8%
82.3%
48%51.8%
33.1%
43.5%
49%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
MD
MA
con
tent
(per
cent
age)
Netherlands United Kingdom
Sources: Charlotte Davies and others, eds., United Kingdom Drug Situation: Annual Report to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) 2010 (United Kingdom, Department of Health, and UK Focal Point on Drugs, 2010).
•Mimic effects of illicit stimulants (e.g. “ecstasy”, amphetamines)
• Not controlled by the United Nations drug control treaties
• Reported in: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, North America
• Ketamine, piperazines (BZP), synthetic cathinones (mephedrone), synthetic cannabinoids (‘spice’), plant-based substances (Kratom)
New Threat: New psychoactive substances
The synthetic drugs challenge• Use: ATS use second only to cannabis, more ATS users
than cocaine and heroin users• Trafficking:
– Global ATS seizures have increased over past decades
– Steady expansion of methamphetamine market – Recovery of ecstasy – New psychoactive substances (bath salts)
• The unknown:– ATS manufacture? Psychoactive substances on
markets? Significant information gaps
Structure of presentation
• The global ATS situation
• Filling the knowledge gaps- Global SMART
• Status of Global SMART
• Objective: Generate and manage information on synthetic and other drugs.
Global SMART (Synthetics Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting
and Trends) Programme
SMART investments in capacity
• Regional and national capacity building
5 regional workshops (Asia, Latin America)
• National trainings and review sessions (Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines)
SMART investments in capacity
• DAINAP: On-line data collection of drug-related information (response rate=100%)
• Systematic feedback and quality assurance process: Data verification and quality assurance
• Field detection kits for synthetic drugs and precursor chemicals
• Reference standards
• Multilingual precursor dictionary
UNODC forensic science programme
• Computer-based training material
• Analyse and report drug information at national, regional and global level.
Global SMART (Synthetics Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting
and Trends) Programme
Myanmar: ATS Situation Assessment
National ATS reporting
Indonesia: ATS Situation Assessment (forthcoming)
Patterns and Trends of ATS in East and South-East Asia
2009, 2010, 2011 (South Asia, Pacific)
Regional ATS reporting
Global level ATS reporting
Global level ATS reportingRegular and brief updates on emerging patterns and trends
• Objective: Drug information is used by countries for evidence-based policy and strategic/ tactical interventions.
Global SMART (Synthetics Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends) Programme
Drug Control Briefs
Regular updates to Member States
Global SMART highlighted the challenge of new psychoactive substances
November 2011: GSU with special coverage
March 2012: Member States adopt resolution on
promoting international cooperation on NPS
Structure of presentation
• The global ATS situation
• Filling the knowledge gaps- Global SMART
• News from Global SMART
SMART currently operates in East and South-East Asia and Latin America
Brunei CambodiaChinaIndonesiaLao PDRMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandViet Nam
SMART Priority Regions
SMART investors
SMART Scoping study, Pacific SMART in Latin America
West Africa: ATS situation report
SMART in Latin America
• Operational since January 2011• Global SMART Updates in Spanish since 2011• Implemented in close cooperation CICAD/OAS• Initial agreement among countries in the region has
been reached on– need to develop adequate monitoring tools to
review the ATS phenomenon– share data using a questionnaire similar to DAINAP
Scale-up
Further ATS “hotspots”- SMART potentials
SMART Priority Regions
Australia
Canada
Japan
New Zealand
Rep., Korea
Thailand
Brunei CambodiaChinaIndonesiaLaos PDRMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandViet Nam
SMART Scoping study, Pacific regionSMART in Latin America
ATS “hotspots” - directly affecting East and South-East Asia
• West Africa– Methamphetamine trafficking to East Asia (Rep. of Korea,
Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia)– Methamphetamine manufacturing facilities in Nigeria
(2011,2012)– Report on West Africa presented in June 2012
• Near and Middle East– Methamphetamine trafficking from Islamic Republic of Iran (to
Rep. of Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Philippines) –scoping study
• South Asia– Ketamine manufacture and trafficking (e.g. Hong Kong, SAR)– Trafficking of precursors – ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
pharmaceutical preparations
Global SMART – the way forward
2012• East and South-East Asia Regional Report• National workshops in Asia • Global SMART Update v8• Synthetic drugs panel at CICAD regular session• Study India/Pakistan/Bangladesh (subject to funds)
2013• Commission on Narcotic Drugs 56th session• Global SMART Updates 9,10• Report on new psychoactive substances
Thank you for your attention
More sources for ATS informationwww.unodc.org www.apaic.org