PowerPoint Presentation · • Unconsciousness . 2017 In 2014, according to the NSDUH, about 913,000 Americans met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria

2017

IMPAIRED DRIVING

It’s On the Rise and It Involves a Lot More than Just Alcohol

Phil Moser – Advanced Driver Training Services

July 25, 2017

2017

Speaking of Alcohol

2017

U.S. Driving While Impaired

Founded September 1980

2017

U.S. Driving While Impaired Statistics

1982: 21,113 – 58 Every Day

2017


2014: 9,967 – 27 Every Day

2017


2015: 10,625 – 29 Every Day

2017


1,500,000 DWI Arrests Annually

1,250 Arrests per 100,000 Licensed Drivers

2017


It Is Estimated That There are 121 Million Incidents of Driving

While Impaired Every Year

331,000 Every Day!

2017

Other Countries Alcohol Involvement in Fatal Crashes

- Norway – 8.8% (.05 BAC or higher)

- Netherlands – 7.8% (.05 BAC or higher)

- Sweden – 3.3% (.05 BAC or higher)

- United States – 38.6% (.08 BAC or higher)

2017

Other Countries Driving While Impaired Laws

Norway

.02% BAC

Fine of 1.5 Months Salary

1 Year License Suspension

2017


Netherlands

.02% BAC

Fines and suspensions vary depending on age of driver and BAC

2017


Sweden

.02% BAC

6 Months Prison

2.5 Million Random Tests Annually

2017

United States Driving While Impaired Laws

.08% BAC

Penalties Vary by State – On Average

3 Months Suspension $300 Fine

6 Months Probation

2017

Vienna Field Sobriety Tests

2017

2017

United States Standardized Field Sobriety Tests

• One Leg Stand

• Heel to Toe Walk

• Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

2017

Attitude

Does the United States have a relaxed attitude towards driving while impaired?

If so, does this relaxed attitude play a role with the acceptance of recreational use of marijuana and other illicit drugs?

2017

Public Service Announcements

2017

1987 PSA

2017

Replaced By ……….

2017

2017

Do we need to shift to an attitude where driving while impaired is

totally unacceptable?

2017

Have you seen this more recent PSA?

2017

2010 PSA

2017

It’s Not Just Alcohol

2017

2017

2017

How Does Marijuana Use Effect Driving?

2017

The percentage of drivers involved in fatal

crashes who recently used marijuana more

than doubled from 8 to 17 percent between

2013 and 2014.

Washington State

One in six drivers involved in fatal crashes

in 2014 had recently used marijuana, which

is the most recent data available.

2017

From 2006 to 2014, the number of marijuana

related traffic deaths have increased 154%

Colorado

In 2014, marijuana-related traffic fatalities

made up 19.26 percent of all traffic deaths,

up from 6.92 percent in 2006.

2017

The Effects of Cannabis On Driving R. Andrew Sewell MD, James Polling PhD Memmet Sofuoglu MD, PhD (2010)

Meta-Analysis of 60 Studies on the Cognitive Effects of Marijuana

“Marijuana causes impairment in every performance area that can

reasonably be connected with the safe driving of a vehicle.”

2017



• Tracking

• Motor Coordination

• Visual Functions

• Complex Tasks – Divided Attention

What’s Effected

2017



The combination of alcohol consumption and marijuana use is common. The dangers associated with the impairment created by

the combined use of these substances is both alarming and lethal.

2017

Prescribed Medications

2017

Gender of people who have Impaired driving ability

when taking Oxycodone *:

female: 49.52 %

male: 50.48 %

Age of people who have Impaired driving ability

when taking Oxycodone *:

0-1: 0.0 % 30-39: 3.7 %

2-9: 0.0 % 40-49: 33.33 %

10-19: 2.47 % 50-59: 30.86 %

20-29: 9.88 % 60+: 19.75 %

2017

The Effects of Oxycodone

• Tracking – Lane Departure

• Weakness

• Nausea • Headache

• Mood Change

• Lightheadedness

• Postural Hypotension (Drop in Blood Pressure)

2017

Illicit Drugs

2017

Heroin

• 75 % of heroin addicts used prescribed opioids first

• 50 % of heroin addicts admit to driving while high

• 18 % of fatally injured drivers tested positive for drugs (2013)

• 48 % who tested positive for drugs also tested positive for alcohol

2017

The Effects of Heroin

• Confusion

• Drowsiness

• Nausea

• Loss of Motor Control

• Increased Reaction Time

• Loss of Coordination

• Unconsciousness

2017

In 2014, according to the NSDUH, about 913,000 Americans met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for dependence or abuse of cocaine (in any form) during the past 12 months.

Cocaine

2017

2017

The Effects of Cocaine

• Confusion

• Inability to Shift Focus

• Hostility

• Loss of Motor Balance

• Light Sensitivity

• High Risk Behavior

• Poor Decision Making

2017

Methamphetamine

According to the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 1.2 million people reported using methamphetamine in the past year, and 440,000 (0.2 percent) reported using it in the past month.

2017

The Effects of Methamphetamine

• Tracking – Lane Departure

• Weaving

• Speeding

• Agitation

• Aggressive Driving

• Hypertension (Increase in Blood Pressure)

• Poor Decision Making

2017

Synthetic Marijuana

• K2

• Spice

• Fake Weed

• Yucatan Fire

• Skunk

• Moon Rocks

Various Names

2017

Synthetic cannabinoids are typically shipped overseas from China to manufacturers who

prepare the blends using high-proof alcohol or acetone solvents. It’s basically a reverse-

extraction: the synthetic molecules are dissolved in a solvent and introduced to its plantlike host material through a soaking or spraying process.

Synthetic Marijuana

2017

Synthetic cannabinoids can be 2-100 times more potent than THC and induce severe side

effects like vomiting, chest pain, increased heart rate, vision blackouts, headaches, kidney

damage, agitation, high blood pressure, and psychosis. Significant withdrawal symptoms

have also been reported.

Synthetic Marijuana

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253059/




2017

Synthetic Marijuana

• Obvious Effects on Driving

• Not Illegal in Some States

• Hard to Regulate Due to Changing Ingredients

• Does Not Show Up in Many Drug Screens

2017

Over the Counter Medications

2017

Over The Counter Medications

• Cold & Cough

• Allergies

• Pain Relief

• Inflammation

• Nausea

2017

Over The Counter Medications

• Antihistamines

• Anti-Emetics

• Anti-Diarrheals

• Analgesics

2017

Diphenhydramine

By Far – The Most Common Drug Found in

Over the Counter Medications

2017

Allermax, Banophen, Benadryl, Compoz Nighttime Sleep Aid, Diphedryl, Diphenhist, Dytuss, Nytol QuickCaps, PediaCare Children's Allergy, Q-Dryl,

QlearQuil Nightitme Allergy Relief, Quenalin, Scot-Tussin Allergy Relief Formula, Siladryl Allergy,

Silphen Cough, Simply Sleep, Sleepinal, Sominex, Tranquil, Twilite, Unisom Sleepgels Maximum

Strength, Valu-Dryl, Vanamine PD, Z-Sleep, ZzzQuil, plus many others

Diphenhydramine

2017

The Effects of OTC’s

• Drowsiness

• Decreased Alertness

• Slow Reaction

• Impaired Concentration

• Tracking

2017

Driving While Impaired – Drugs Enforcement

2017

Drug Evaluation and Classification Program

Drug Recognition Experts (DRE’s)

2017

Drug Field Sobriety Tests

• Vertical Gaze Nystagmus

• Lack of Convergence - Tracking

• Pupil Size

• Romberg Balance Interpretation

Avoiding Impaired Drivers

• Weaving within their lane

• Hugging the lines

• Erratic braking and accelerating

• Slow to take off at green lights

• Cutting corners wide or short

• Failure to dim headlights

• Tailgating – Especially at night

• Driver looks intoxicated

2017

2017

Driving While Impaired Policy

Keep It Simple!!

No person will operate a vehicle while conducting any work for

(Your Organization) while impaired by any substance.

2017


Reporting:

Have policies in place that require drivers to report being arrested for impaired

driving within 24 hours of the violation.

2017


Recidivism Rate:

33% of people arrested for impaired driving will commit the same violation.

2017


Discipline:

• Termination – Involve HR and Legal

• Suspensions??

• Interlock Devices??

2017


• Make sure your policies are fair.

• Make sure all people driving for your organization signs off on the policies.

• Be certain that there is consistency in the enforcement of these policies.

2017

There are few things in life that will change so many lives as quickly as a vehicle crash.

2017

IMPAIRED DRIVING

It’s On the Rise and It Involves a Lot More than Just Alcohol

Phil Moser – Advanced Driver Training Services

Documents

PowerPoint Presentation · • Unconsciousness . 2017 In 2014, according to the NSDUH, about 913,000 Americans met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria