PowerPoint Presentation · 2017-05-16 · Sarojini Naidu Dharasana (Gujarat) K. Kelappan Payyannur (Kerala) Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu) C. Rajagopalachari Gandhi picking up grains of

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STRUGGLE & FREEDOM

06


Non-Violence


Gandhi in

South Africa



Gandhi could gain the Trust & Respect

of the Common People of India....

Involvement in the Problems of

Indians in South Africa

His Protest in South Africa

He Lived among the Common

( Food, Clothing, Language…)

Common People Found him as a

Saviour


Activity 1 (Group Discussion)

Divide the Class in to Three Groups. Discuss the

Early Struggles of Gandhi based on these Points

and Prepare a Note

1. Champaran Struggle

2. Ahmedabad Cotton Mill Struggle

3. Peasant Struggle in kheda




In Champaran (Bihar) 1917

Economic Problems of Indigo Farmers

He Launched 1st

Satyahraha there

Govt. appointed a Committee

Problems of Peasants were Resolved

After Struggle he worked for them

By establishing Primary School

By Initiating Medical Aids

By Involving in Cleaning activities



In Ahmedabad

(Gujarat) 1918

Cotton Mill Workers

They were Denied

Plague Bonus

Gandhi used

Satyagraha as a tool

Authorities Agreed to

Hike the Wages


In Kheda

(Gujarat) 1918

Farmers

Due to Drought &

Crop Failure

Rulers Decided

to Collect Tax

Gandhi used Satyagraha and asked

them not to Pay Tax

Authorities agreed to Reduce the Tax


Activity 1 (Group Activity – Consolidation )

Early Struggle of Gandhi

o All were Regional & Economic issues

o He used Disobedience & Satyagraha

o Ensured the help of Local Leaders

o His Method of Struggle was

accepted by Everyone

o People believed that Gandhi could

solve all their Problems


Results of the Early Struggle of Gandhi

o People understood his Ideology &

Method of Struggles

o Common People were attracted to

the National Movement

o City centric National Movement

spread to Rural Areas

o Gandhi became a National Leader

acceptable to All




Divide the Class in to Groups. Discuss about

these points and make a short note

1. Rowlatt Act

2. Jallianwala Bagh



Rowlatt Act 1919

By Sydney Rowlatt

To Prevent Extreme Activities

Limited the Civil Rights

Any Person could be Arrested &

Imprisoned without Trial

Gandhi Suggested Satyagraha




Gen.Dyer

Bullet marks on the walls


Jallianwala Bagh

memorial,Amritsar

The narrow

lane used for

entering the

park premises.

1650 rounds of bullets

were fired by troops on

20,000 innocent people.

Bullet

marks on

the walls of

the park

premises




Activity 2 (Group Activity – Consolidation )

Towards the National Movement

o Rowlatt Act was an example for the

violation of Human Rights by British

o The Worst example of the British

approach was Jallianwala Bagh (1919)

o Jallianwala Bagh incident Intensified

the Protests at the National Level


Non-

Cooperation

Movement


1st

National

Level

struggle

by INC

Led by

Gandhi


Activity 3 (Listing the Points)

What were the Characteristics of Non-

Cooperation Movement


Non-

Cooperation

Movement

Lawyers shall

Boycott Courts

Students shall

boycott English

Schools

Boycott

Elections

Returning the

British Awards

and Prizes

The Public shall

Boycott Foreign

Products

Denial of

Taxes


People Responded to Gandhi’s Appeal

for Non-Cooperation

Farmers Refused to Pay Tax (Awadh)

Tribal People entered the Forest & Collected

Forest Products (Andhra)

Farmers Refused to carry luggage of the Colonial

Officials (Uttar Pradesh)

Workers Struck Work

Lawyers Boycotted Courts

Students Quitted British Schools & Colleges

Public burnt Foreign Cloths


Gandhi Motivated the People to

Participate in Constructive Programmes

To Make Indigenous Products

To Spin Khadi by Charka

To Establish National Schools

To Popularise Hindi

To Eradicate Untouchability


Jamia Millia

Gujarat Vidya Pith

Kashi Vidya Pith


Caliph Abdülmecid II,

the last caliph who

held the office from

1922 to 1924




Maulana Mohamad Ali

& Shoukath Ali

As a part of National

Movement

Active Partition of

Muslims

Gandhi Travelled

across India with

Khilafat Leaders


Result of Khilafat Movement

Anti-British Feeling all over India

Hindu-Muslim Unity was Intensified

Strengthened National Movement

Even at the Grass root Level

Support of Muslim Community


Activity 4 (Slogans)

Prepare some Slogans Supporting the Non-

Cooperation Movement.


Swaraj is

Our Aim

We Want

FreedomAvoid Foreign

Cloths

Stop All

Taxes

India is Our

Land


Gandhi

Suspended

Non-

Cooperation

Chauri Chaura (UP)

Villages set afire

the Police Station

22 Policemen Died




Poorna

Swaraj

Lahore Session of

Congress

Civil

Disobedience

Ultimate Aim of

Indian Freedom

Struggle is to

Attain Complete

Freedom

Disobey all Anti-

Popular & Anti-

Democratic Civil

Laws by British


Activity 5 (Listing the Points)

Prepare a Note about the Proposals put forward

by Gandhi to Gain Freedom


Pro

po

sa

ls P

ut fo

rw

ard

b

y

Ga

nd

hi

To Remove Salt Tax

To Declare 50% Tax Relaxation for Farmers

To Increase Tax on Imported Foreign Cloths

To Release Political Prisoners

To Decrease Military Expenses

To Implement Prohibition of Liquor

To Start Coastal Shipping Service

To Dissolve the Secret Observation Wing



Gandhi used Salt as a

Powerful Weapon …

British got High

Income from Salt Tax

Heavy burden for

Poor People

British Banned Indigenous Salt Production

There was 3 fold hike on Salt Price

It was Inspired by all


They made Salt & Distributed

Hoisted National Flag

Chanted Anti-British Slogans

Police

Tortured

& Gandhi

was

Arrested

Payyannur

(Kerala)

Vedaranyaam (Tamil

Nadu)


Payyannur Salt March

(Kerala)

Vedaranyaam Salt March

(Tamil Nadu)


Bombay (Maharastra)

Noakhali (Bengal)

Sarojini Naidu

Dharasana (Gujarat)

K. Kelappan

Payyannur (Kerala)

Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu)

C. Rajagopalachari

Gandhi picking up grains of

salt at the end of his march


By Making Salt as a Tool of Protest

Gandhi Proved……

Even an Unimportant Common

issue can be used as a Powerful

tool for Public Protest

To Secure Support of the Society

To Informed the Public in a simple

way to the Exploitation of the

British


Activity 6 (Digital Presentation)

Prepare a Digital Presentation about the Salt

Satyagraha




Women during Civil Disobedience



79 Marchers accompanied Gandhi on

his march to Dandi. 5 from Kerala

No Name Age Province (British

India)

1 Raghavan 25 Madras Presidency

2 Thevarthundiyil Titus 25 Madras Presidency

3 Krishna Nair 25 Madras Presidency

4 Tapan Nair 25 Madras Presidency

5 Shankaran 25 Madras Presidency


Civil disobedience

continued until

early 1931, when

Gandhi was finally

released from

prison to hold talks

with Irwin. It was

the first time the

two held talks on

equal terms, and

resulted in the

Gandhi–Irwin Pact.





Prepare a Note on Quit India Movement and its

Importance



Quit India - 1942

Last Popular Protest

by INC under Gandhi

Based on Non-

Violence

Forced the British to

Leave the country

By Offering Complete

Freedom


Factors Caused

Quit India Movement

Unwillingness of the

British to Implement

Constitutional Reforms in India

Public Disgust with Price Hike &

Famine

Assumption that the British would

be Defeated in the 2nd

World War


As a Part of Quit India Gandhi Asked …

Princely States shall Recognise the

Sovereignty of their People

Farmers shall not Pay tax

Govt. Officials shall Disclose their

Loyalty to INC without Resigning

Soldiers shall Disobey Orders to shoot

Indians, Without Quitting from Army

Students shall Boycott Education till

attaining freedom


British

Suppressed

the Movement

Arrested

Gandhi &

Others

In Protest Mob

Destroyed

Many things

Clear Indication to Grab Freedom for the Country


Activity 7 (Consolidation )

Quit India Movement

o It was a Struggle based on Non-Violence (Ahimsa)

o Unwillingness of the British to Implement

Constitutional Reforms in India, Public Disgust

with Price Hike & Famine, Assumption that the

British would be Defeated in the 2nd World War

were the Factors Caused for the Movement

o Complete Freedom of India was the Aim of Gandhi.

o British Suppressed the Movement but they could

not Control the Popular Agitations

o In Certain Areas the Struggle became Violent


Alternative Paths


Revo

lu

tio

na

ry O

rg

an

isatio

ns Swaraj Party

Hindustan Socialist

Republican Association

(Republican Army)

Abhinav Bharat Society

Anuseelan Samithi

Ghadar Party

Indian Republican Army

C.R.Das & Motilal Nehru

Revolutionaries from

Punjab, Rajasthan,

U.P & Bihar

Bhagat Singh, Chandra Sekhar

Azad, Raj Guru & Sukh Dev

V.D. Savarkar

Lala Hardayal

Surya Sen

Bareender Kumar Ghose,

Pulin Bihari Das

Motilal Nehru


Swaraj Party (1923)

C.R.Das

C.R.Das & Motilal

Nehru

Opposed Gandhi's

method of Struggle of

Boycott

Argued for Legislative

Assembles

Contested Elections


Hindustan Socialist

Republican Association


Bhagat Singh

Chandra Sekhar

AzadSukh Dev

Raj Guru

1928

Military Wing

Republican Army

Overthrow the

British by Military

Action & Establish

a Federal Republic




The Lahi charge that had

led to the Death of

Lala Lajpat Rai




Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar


Ghadar Party

Lala Hardayal


Ghadar Party


Ghadar Party


Anuseelan Samithi

Anushilan_Samiti_office_

at_48,_Bidhan_Sarani

Bareender Kumar Ghose,

Pulin Bihari Das


Indian Republican Army


Congress

Socialist

Wing within

INC

Socialist

Ideology from

Russian

Revolution

Influence of Russian

Revolution



Congress Socialist Party

Chairman JP Narayanan

In Bombay 1934

Great role in Quit India

Movement

They led the Movement

when Gandhi and others

were arrested

JP Narayanan

Aruna Asaf Ali



Forward Bloc

www.masocialma.blogspot.in IndianNationalArmy

Against Gandhi’s Idea

S.C. Bose formed a Political

Party – Forward Bloc

INA by Rash Behari Bose

Bose formed a provisional Govt.

in Singapore

Hoisted Indian Flag in Imphal

Support of Japanese Army

INA marched to the East West

border of India

Failure of Japan in the 2nd

World War demolished this Plan


Japan Before & After War

Failure of Japan in the

2nd

World War 1939-1945



Jhansi Regiment of INA




Activity 8 (Seminar / Digital Magazine)

Prepare a Seminar / Digital Magazine about the

Notable Revolutionaries of Indian Freedom Struggle













Movements of Workers

& Peasants

Madras

Labour Union

Ahmedabad

Textiles

Association



Founders of AITUC in 1920


Objectives of

AITUC

To Organise &

act as a

Working Class

To Cooperate

with the Indian

Working class

outside India

To participate actively

in the Freedom

Struggle


All India Kisan Sabha

Farmers realized the

need for Organised

Struggle. Because

o Tax Law of British

o Exploitation of Zamindars

o Low Price for Agricultural Products

All India Kisan Congress (All India Kisan Sabha)

was formed under N.G. Ranga in Lahore


Farmers’ Manifesto

Reduce 50% of Land Tax & Lease charge

Write off Debts

Cancel Feudal Taxes

Ensure Minimum Wages for Agriculture

Recognise Peasant Unions

These Demands were Prepared in the All

Indian Kisan Samiti held in Bombay



Telengana Struggle



Activity 9 (Match the Following)

Prepare a Match the Following Table about the

Movements of Workers and Peasants

A B


A B

AITUC M.N.Joshy

All India Kisan

Sahba

N.G.Ranga

Tebhaga Struggle Bengal

Telengana

Struggle

Andhra Pradesh

Navel Mutiny Bombay


Independence of India was speed up

o 2nd

world War (1939-1945)

o Financial Crisis in Britain

o End of Imperialism

o Intensified Freedom

Struggles in Colonies

o America & Soviet Union

were against Imperialism

o Labour Party in Britain

under Clement Attlee


Clement

Attlee


Claim For PakistanJinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah & Gandhi

Jinnah & Muslim League founders

Muhammad Ali Jinnah & All

India Muslim League raised

claim for a separate Country

Called Pakistan


Hindu Mahasabha

also claimed for

Divided India


Role of Mountbatten

Mountbatten was appointed as the Viceroy of India

Argued that Partition was Essential

Prepared a Plan called “Mountbatten Plan”

Mountbatten & his Wife with Gandhiwith Nehru


Activity 10 (Short Note)

Prepare a Short Note on the Role of Mountbatten

in the Independence of India


Mountbatten Plan

Separate Country for Muslims

Divide Punjab & Bengal

Appoint a Commission to determine

the Borders

Conduct a Referendum to Determine

whether to add North West Frontier

Province to Pakistan or Not


Prepared Map

for Partition

Sir Cyril Radcliff




Divided

Punjab & Bengal

and formed

India & Pakistan



British

Parliament

Passed the

Indian

Independe

nce Act in

1947


Replacement of Power

On 15th

August

1947

Union Jack

Indian Tricolor


Head of State

14th

Aug 1947

Jinnah

Prime Minister

15th

Aug 1947

Nehru



Additional Activities

1. Discuss the role of workers & Peasants in the freedom

movement of India

2. Write a Short note on the role played by INA and S.C. Bose for

the Freedom of India

3. Name the different Revolutionary Organizations and their

Leaders who Dedicated their life to attain freedom for India

4. How can you say that ‘The Quit India Movement was a Turning

point in India’s Freedom Struggle ?

5. Why Gandhi selected salt as a powerful weapon against the

British?

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.




Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi., His.)

HSA (Social Science)

St. Mary’s H.S. Palliport

[email protected]


9746953695

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.masocialma.blogspot.in

Documents

PowerPoint Presentation · 2017-05-16 · Sarojini Naidu Dharasana (Gujarat) K. Kelappan Payyannur (Kerala) Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu) C. Rajagopalachari Gandhi picking up grains of