PowerPoint Presentation · •Adapted from Tilly, Durable Inequality,

2/16/2018

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Kevin DeSanto Managing Director, KippsDeSanto Chairman, Community Foundation for Northern Virginia

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Thank you Gold Sponsor

Thank you Silver Sponsor

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Thank you Bronze Sponsor

Thank you Media Sponsors

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Michael Cassidy President and CEO, Commonwealth Institute for Fiscal Analysis

February 15, 2018

Michael Cassidy, President & CEO

The Commonwealth Institute for Fiscal Analysis

Opportunity and Inequality:

Indicators of Success and Challenges

in Northern Virginia

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General Demographics

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Almost Half of Region’s Children are Children of Immigrants

Moving Toward “Majority Minority” Status

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Economy

Shifting Regional Differences in Unemployment Rates

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Economic Barriers Show in Household Income Differences

Education

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High School Graduates and Dropouts

Shifting Emphasis Across Localities

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Community Health & Civic Life

Unprotected: Unequal Access to Health Insurance

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Disconnected Youth: Similar Trends, Different Rates

Richard Reeves Senior Fellow in Economic Studies, and Co-Director of the Center on Children and Families Brookings Institution

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DREAM HOARDERS

Upward Mobility and the American Dream

Community Foundation for Northern Virginia

February 15, 2018, Valo Park27th November 2017,

Richard V. Reeves, Brookings Institution

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Distribution of 529 holders

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Pelosi/Van Hollen: Affluent, liberal districts

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“This proposal was

targeted at what may be

the single most dangerous

constituency to anger: the

upper middle class -

wealthy enough to have

influence, and numerous

enough to be a significant

voting bloc.”

Paul Waldman,

Washington Post

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The Argument

• UMC is separating from the majority

• Inequality endures across generations

• Relative and Absolute mobility

• The case for downward mobility

• Mechanism 1: Market meritocracy/Education

• Mechanism 2: Opportunity hoarding

• Solving the “I’m Not Rich” problem first

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The Argument








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We are the 99%!

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Or not?...

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Separation also in…

• Family structure and stability

• Health

• Wealth

• Life expectancy

• Culture & social capital

• Neighborhoods

• Etc….

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The Argument








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Sticky ends: relative mobility

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Mobility of….wealth

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The Argument








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Declining absolute mobility

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Why? Inequality, mostly

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• http://wpmedia.fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2

014/06/vancouver-traffic.jpg?w=620

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A New York Times reader writes…

“ Parents' desperation to

keep their children in the top

20%...is at least partly driven

by their fear of what happens

in the 21st century to young

people who are in the middle

or lower: job insecurity,

contingent and contract

employment, no health

insurance, outsourcing, and

the rest.”

– “JB” in Oak Park, IL

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Further to fall in U.S.A.

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The Argument








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“The concern with upward mobility has obscured

the importance and amount of downward

mobility...[but] it may well be that downward

mobility is a better indicator of fluidity in a society

than is upward mobility....A society which is

dropping sons born in advantaged strata has

more openness that one which brings up the

talented manual sons but safeguards the

privileges of the already advantaged.”

- S.M. (Mike) Miller, 1969 (my italics)

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Upward mobility wildly popular…

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Downward mobility less so….

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The Argument








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Which college? Depends on your class (social class, that is)

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An upper middle class monopoly?

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Class divide in college classes

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The Argument







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What is “opportunity hoarding”

• Adapted from Tilly, Durable Inequality, 1998

• Valuable opportunity for future prospects. Eg.

skills, qualifications or contacts

• Scarce, in order to be hoarded. (Water is

valuable but plentiful.) Ie. “positional goods”,

• Allocated in an anti-competitive fashion ie.

“with other factors, entirely independent of a

person’s individual performance, entering into

the equation.”

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Opportunity Hoarding: A User’s Guide

• Exclusionary zoning

• Legacy admissions

• Internship opportunities

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The rent is too darned high

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Maybe because of this?

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Hey, what happened to all that space?

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Legacies: “A slight tip”?

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Internships are valuable

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0 5 10 15 20 25

College Reputation

Relevance ofCoursework

College GPA

Extracurricular Activities

Volunteer Experience

College Major

Employment DuringCollege

Internships

Aggregate score

Figure 6.3. Employers Value Internships Most

Source: "The Role of Higher Education in Career Development: Employer Perceptions" Chronicles of Higher Education, 2012.

(http://www.chronicle.com/items/biz/pdf/Employers%20Survey.pdf)

a. Employers were asked "How much weight do you give each of the following educational credentials when you evaluate a recent college

graduate’s resume? How much weight do you give each of the following types of experience when you evaluate a recent college graduate’s resume

to see if further discussions are warranted?" Reported importance levels were then weighted by importance of academic vs. experience on hiring of

recent graduates to obtain an aggregate score.

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The Argument








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So, make the “rich” pay! Oh, wait….

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“The moral indignation of

the age [the Progressive

Era] was by no means

directed entirely against

others. It was in a great

and critical measure

directed inward.

Contemporaries who

spoke of the movement as

an affair of the conscience

were not mistaken.”

Richard Hofstadter (my

italics)

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@richardvreeves

[email protected]

www.tinyletter.com/reevesweekly

www.brookings.edu/blogs/social-mobility-memos

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.tinyletter.com/reevesweekly

http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/social-mobility-memos





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Harry Klaff Managing Director, Jones Lang LaSalle Chairman, Northern Virginia Chamber of Commerce

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Erin Hogan Philanthropic Market Executive U.S. Trust, Bank of American Private Wealth Management Panel Moderator

Opportunity and

Inequality

Tamara Copland President and CEO

Washington Regional Area of Grantmakers

David Hunn President and CEO SkillSource Group

Dr. Bruce McDade Superintendent Manassas Park Public Schools

Scott Ralls President Northern Virginia Community College

Panel Moderator

Tapping Workforce Assets in our

Own Backyard

Lovey Hammel President

Employment Enterprises, Inc.

Jacqueline M. Welch SVP Human Resources, Diversity and Inclusion

Freddie Mac

Ken Eisner Senior Manager

Worldwide Education Amazon Web Services

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Documents

PowerPoint Presentation · •Adapted from Tilly, Durable Inequality,