Upload
lee-randall
View
221
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PowerEd Writing © 2011
The Writing Process
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
The Writing Process
• Stage 1—Prewriting• Stage 2—Drafting • Stage 3—Revising• Stage 4—Proofreading • Stage 5—Final Draft
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Prewriting
• Identify your reading audience, the person or people for whom you are writing.
• Define your purpose, or reason for writing.• Choose one topic to focus on in your writing.• Gather and organize information about your
topic.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Drafting
• At this stage, you begin to turn your prewriting ideas into a smooth flowing work of writing.
• At this time, it is best to write freely, not worrying about errors in grammar or mechanics.
• If you find as you write that your prewriting plan does not work as you had hoped, you can go back to the prewriting stage and collect more information or make changes in your plan.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Revising
• Review your essay for improvements – check the information, the organization, and the language in the draft to see if it is appropriate to your audience and to your purpose for writing.
• Make all necessary changes and improvements.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Proofreading
• At this stage, correct errors in capitalization, punctuation, grammar, and spelling.
Write On!
This is where the writing for your This is where the writing for your standardized writing tests ends.standardized writing tests ends.
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Final Draft
• This is the final stage of the writing process.• The writer takes all the information and edit
marks from the stages three and four on the rough draft and writes the paper over.
• The writer will produce a new and final draft of the paper without mistakes.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Expository & Persuasive Writing
Writing for Standardized Tests
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Expository Writing
Expository: • To explain• To inform• To clarify• To define• To instruct
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Expository Writing: • Gives information• Explains something• Clarifies a process• Defines a concept
Write On!
Expository Writing
PowerEd Writing © 2011
• ASK –How…Why…What…
are you explaining?
Write On!
Before you begin writing:
Be sure you completely understand the prompt!
Expository Writing
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Persuasive Writing• Presents the writer’s opinion• Informs the reader• Uses appeals to reason or logic• Uses appeals to emotions• Tries to change the reader’s attitude, belief, or
behavior
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Persuasive Writing
• Form an Opinion – Do you have a strong personal feeling about the topic being discussed? Choose one side – and stick to it!
Write On!
Before you begin writing:• Judge, evaluate or prove your
opinion. Once you have gathered several ideas, facts to back up your opinion - begin your writing.
• If your opinion is not a strong one (you do not have many facts to support it), modify or change your opinion so that you can support it effectively.
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Steps to Remember when Writing Expository & Persuasive Essays
1. Use a hook - “Grab your audience”2. Write a solid thesis statement. This is your road map to a
great essay.3. Use two or three supporting ideas. Try to incorporate at least
one character trait.4. Use high-quality transitional devices to move into each body
paragraph. 5. End each paragraph with a justifier sentence.6. Make sure your purpose for writing has been accomplished –
follow your thesis statement.7. Conclude…this is as important as your opening.8. Use the writing process… make sure you edit and revise
your writing!
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Rubrics
How your essays will be graded.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
A “6” Essay
• Nearly perfect• Shows superior understanding• Powerful organization• Noticeable coherence • Shows precision & sophistication
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
A “5” Essay
• Solid• Shows accurate grasp of topic• Clearly organized• Shows maturity in writing
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
A “4” Essay• Competent• Has commonplace understanding• Organized, but with some digressions
(departures from the topic)
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
A “3” Essay• Shows limited understanding• Pedestrian (ordinary)• Unnecessary repetition• Interference of other ideas
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
A “2” Essay• Insignificant handling of the topic
OR• Misunderstanding of concepts• Disjointed/unsupported
generalizations
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
A “1” Essay
•Rambling• Incoherent•Confusing
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
The Six Traits of Writing
The keys to unlock powerful writing
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
What are these traits or keys?
• Ideas• Organization• Word Choice• Voice• Sentence Fluency• Conventions
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
IdeasPowerful and Significant
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Ideas• It all makes sense.• I know this topic well.• My paper has a purpose.• I have included interesting details not
everyone would think of.• Once you start reading, you won’t want
to stop.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Organization
Logical and Effective
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Organization
• It starts out with a bang.• Everything ties together well.• You can follow it easily.• At the end it feels finished and
makes you think.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Word Choice
Specific and Precise
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Word Choice• This is the best way to say this.• My words make pictures in the reader’s mind. • I used words that are new ways to say
everyday things.• My verbs are powerful; my nouns and
adjectives are specific and precise.• Some of the words linger in your mind after
you read them.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Voice
Individual and Appropriate
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Voice• It sounds like a real person wrote it.• You can tell that I care about this topic.• This is what I really think.• I want you to read this and
feel something.• You can tell that I am thinking
about my audience.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Sentence Fluency
Smooth and Expressive
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Sentence Fluency • My sentences begin in different ways.• Some sentences are long; some are short.
• It sounds good as you read it.• My sentences have power and punch.• My writing flows easily from sentence
to sentence.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Conventions
Correct and Communicative
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Conventions• I have used capitals correctly.• Periods, commas, exclamation marks, and
quotation marks are in the right places.• Every word is spelled correctly.• I indented each paragraph.• My spelling, punctuation, grammar, and
capitalization make my writing easy to read and understand.
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Hints to Raise your Writing Score
Writing for Standardized Tests
Write On!
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Write On!
Eliminate narrative elements from your writing:
I think… My first reason is…
Do you like… Hi, my name is…
Use Character Traits to help you develop a strong thesis.
Hints to Raise Your Writing Score
Begin your essay with a hook.
Grab the reader’s attention from the very start.
Incorporate significant quotes, specific examples, and valid reasoning into your essay.
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Write On!
Hints to Raise Your Writing Score
Move into each body paragraph with mature transitional devices which clearly state the main idea of the paragraph.
At the end of each body paragraph, use a justifier sentence to restate your main idea.
Eliminate “dead” words from your essay – make your writing come alive!
It was very hot.
It was positively sweltering.
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Hints to Raise Your Writing Score
Write On!
Combine simple sentences with a semi-colon (;) transition and a comma (,)
I was out of milk. I went to the store.
I was out of milk; therefore, I went to the store.
Combine simple sentences with a coordinating conjunction and a comma (,)
I was out of milk. I went to the store.
I was out of milk, so I went to the store.
PowerEd Writing © 2011
Hints to Raise Your Writing Score
Write On!
Begin sentences in a different way than with a subject – utilize adverbs, gerunds, prepositional phrases, and subordinate clauses.
Suddenly, the room…
Running through the woods, …
In the morning, …
Although it was late, …