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© Siemens AG 2009. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.Energy Sector / High Voltage SubstationsSeite 4 E T HS ENG SP2009-06-17

Power Transmission Division –Link between power generation and distribution


High Voltage SubstationsSchemes, Devices and Types of AIS Installation

ContentLink between power generation and distribution

Transmission and distribution network

Typical substations feeders and their devices

Circuit configurations

Design criteria of HV substations

Types of HV substations

Note: All topics are only referring to the substation design without control-,protection and other auxiliary systems!


Transmission of electrical EnergyFrom Power Plant to Consumer

Power GenerationPower Plant

Power TransmissionStep-up Substatione.g. 20/420 kV

Power Transmissione.g. Overheadline 420 kV

Power DistributionStep-down Substatione.g 420/123/36 kV

Power DistributionOverheadline / Cable z.B. 36 kV

Power ConsumerIndustry / Householdse.g. 420/230 V

Power Distributione.g. Cable, 420/230 V

High VoltageMedium Voltage Medium Voltage Low Voltage


Extra High VoltageEHV

High VoltageHV

Medium VoltageMV

150 kV (170 kV)132 kV (145 kV)110 kV (123 kV)52 kV (66 kV)30 kV (36 kV)

20 kV (24 kV)10 kV (12 kV)

6 kV (7,2 kV)Low VoltageLV 690 V

400 V230 V

Voltage LevelsTransmission and Distribution

Ultra High VoltageUHV 1200 kV

1100 kV800 kV

500 kV (550 kV)380 kV (420 kV)220 kV (245 kV)

There is not strict rule or standard definingLow-, Medium- and High Voltage levels.


380 kV Network grid

110 kVSubstation

20 kVSubstation

0,4 kV

10 kVSubstation

Principle of a networkConnection from Generation to Consumer

Power Plant

Due to renewable energysources power plants aremore and more decentralized!


Bus Coupler

Generator

Cable

Charging current-limitation reactor

Overhead Line

Consumer

Motor

M

Filter

Current-limitingreactorCircuit breaker

Netstation

Busbar

Shunt Reactor

Typical Network elements

Power Transformer


Radial-line connection

Meshed network

Radial network

Network configuration


High Voltage SubstationDefinitions

Substations (S/S) are node points in the transmission and distribution networks ofelectrical energy in all voltage levels up to 1100 kV (1200 kV planning stage).

Substation types are related to the function in the network:•S/S attached to power station•Interconnection S/S•Step-up / step-down S/S

A substation is the entirety of all devices (switchgear, control, protection andmeasuring equipment) and auxiliary systems necessary to ensure the reliableoperation.

Predominate task is the connection and isolation of overhead lines, cables, gas-insulated lines and transformers.


High Voltage substationDefinitions

The voltage level depends on the power and short-circuit capacity and thedistance.

Power transmission systems and ring mains around urban areas operate in allvoltage levels above, depending on local conditions.

Substations can be air-insulated (AIS) and gas-insulated (GIS) and installedindoors and outdoors.

Over very large distances, extra high powers are also transmitted by high-voltage direct-current systems.

Distribution networks are operated predominantly up to 145 kV.


High Voltage substationDefinitions

The starting point for planning a substation is its single-line diagram.This indicates:

Electrical substation dataCircuit configurationNumber and type of feedersLocation and designationof feedersAssociated devices andtheir designation

Feeders are in- and outgoing lines or cables and connection to transformers,reactors and filters, which are connected to the busbar.


High Voltage substationTypical feeder

Busbar (BB)

Busbar disconnecting switch

Circuit breaker

Current transformer

Outgoing disconnecting switch

Earthing switch

Line trap

Voltage transformer

Surge arrester



Busbar BB

Central node point for power accumulation anddistribution

Spatial arrangement of rigid and flexibleconductors

Number of busbar is one factor for operationalflexibility and availability

Sectionalizing of busbar is increasing theflexibility. Individual sections can operateindependently

A busbar failure can leads to a outage of thesubstation



Circuit breaker CB

Most important device within a switchgearfeeder, because the CB is controlling the loadflow from and to the busbar

Capability of making, carrying and breakingcurrents under normal conditions (rated current)and under abnormal conditions (short circuitcurrent)

Ability of single- or triple auto-enclosures,depending on feeder type

Types available:Live tank CB– interrupter unit compartment ison line potentialDead tank CB – interrupter unit is on earthpotential



Disconnecting switch DS

Isolating of substation parts (safety reasons)by performing an isolating distance in the openposition

Capability of opening and closing negligiblecurrent (< 0,5A)

Capability of carrying currents under normaland abnormal conditions

Worldwide more than 10 different types. Mostlyused:Centre break DS, Double-break DS, Verticalbreak DS, Pantograph DS



Current transformer CT

• Transforming the high primary currents tomeasurable values (1 A, 5 A)

• Galvanic isolation between high voltage onprimary side and earth potential of secondaryfacilities

• Supply input data for control, protection andmeasuring facilties and systems with specificcore types

• Types:oil-insulated and gas-insulated



Earthing switch ES

For earthing and short-circuiting acc. to safetyregulations

Discharging of switched-off lines and cables

Capable to carry short-circuit currents in closedposition

Types:Freestanding earthing switches , mounted topost insulators ESBuilt-on earthing switches to disconnectingswitches DS/E



Line trap LT

Necessary by power line carrier system (PLC)to filter frequencies

Has to be used together with capacitors orcapacitive voltage transformers

Types:standing and suspension type



Voltage transformer VT, CVT

• Transforming the high primary voltage tomeasurable values (e.g. 110 V)

• Galvanic isolation between high voltage onprimary side and earth potential of secondaryfacilities

• Supply input data for control, protection andmeasuring facilties andd systems

• Types:inductive (VT) and capacitive (CVT)



Surge arrester SA

Protection of important equipment, particularlytransformers, from atmospheric overvoltageand switching overvoltage

Considering certain protection zone limitations

Types:Porcelain and Composite housings


High Voltage substationTypical for in-/outgoing feeder types

M

BB 1

BB 2

M

M

M

BB 1

BB 2

M

M

Cable feeder Transformerfeeder

Overhead linefeeder


Circuit configurationsTypes of coupler feeder

2 BB - Coupler 3 BB - Coupler

Beispiel:UW Reuter, Berlin

MM

Coupler feeder increase the flexibilty and allows a group operation.


Circuit configurationsTypes of busbar sectionalzer

1 SS - Sectionlizer 2 SS - Sectionalizer

M

M

M

M

Sectionalizer devide the busbar in sections and increase the flexibilty.


Circuit configurationsTypes of coupler

M M

BB1 A

BB2

BB1 B

M M

BB1

BB2 A BB2 B

2 BB - Bus-tie coupler 2 BB - Bus-tie and bus coupler


Circuit configurationsTypes of bus coupler

3 BB – Sectionalizer in combination with bus-tie and coupler

Beispiel:UW Reuter, Berlin


Accessibility Ability to keep feeders/devices energized duringmaintaining high voltage components

Circuit configurationSelecting criteria

Flexibility Ability to rearrange the feeders and split up the substation

Availability Considering the reliability of installed equipment (reliabilitycalculation)

Security Response of the substations configuration byinternal and external faults

The type of the substation depending on the function in the network requiresdifferent consideration of the following criteria:


Circuit configurationsOverview of „classical“ types

Single Busbar 1 BB

Single busbar with transfer busbar 1 BB/TB

Double Busbar 2 BB

Double Busbar with Bypass disconnector 2 BB / Bypass

Three Busbar 3 BB

One and a half Circuit Breaker configuration 1,5 CB

Two Circuit breaker configuration 2 CB

Ringbusbar RBB


Selected Circuit configurations

Single busbar (1 BB) Double busbar (2 BB)

Triple busbar (3 BB)

One and half Circuit breaker (1,5 CB)


Circuit configurationsSingle busbar (1 BB)

M M

Sample is the specialform of a single busbar,the H-configuration

Field of applicationStep-down substations HV / MV-networkIndustrial areasWind parks

FeaturesLittle switching flexibilityLimited availability in case of busbar anddisconnector maintanance and failureIn case of extension the wholesubstation has to be shut-down

Alternative:Additional busbar sectionalizer and bus-tie coupler increase the flexibility and allows a group operation.


Circuit configurationsSingle busbar with transfer busbar (1 BB/TB)


Field of applicationStep-down substations HV / MV-network

FeaturesImproved switching flexibility than 1 BBWith the Bypass-Disconnector and thetransfer busbar the Coupler CB cansubstitute any other CBImproved availability in case of busbarand disconnector maintenance andfailureLittle security against busbar faults


Circuit configurationsDouble busbar (2 BB)


Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plants,Large substations meshed networks

FeaturesHigh system securityHigh flexibility and availability formeshed networksInterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CB or CTBusbar maintenance with shut down ofthe feedersUninterrupted supply by failing of onebusbar with coupler

Alternative:Coupler feeder in combination with sectionalizer increases the flexibility


Circuit configurationsTriple busbar (3 BB)


Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plants,Large substations meshed networks

FeaturesHigh system securityHigher flexibility and availability formeshed networks than 2 BBInterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CB or CTBusbar maintenance with shut down ofthe feederUninterrupted supply by failing of onebusbar with coupler


Circuit configurationsOne and half Circuit breaker (1,5 CB)


Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plantsLarge substations with high loadsNot in meshed networks

FeaturesHigh system securityHigh availability due to additional CBUninterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CB or CTAll devices capable full BB loadUninterrupted power supply by failing ofone BB


Circuit configurationsDouble busbar – Two-Circuit breaker (2 CB)


Field of applicationNetwork nodes, power plants,Large substations with high loads

FeaturesHighest system security and availabilitydue to 2nd CBHigh flexibilityUninterrupted supply by failing of 1busbarUninterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CBBusbar maintenance with shut down ofthe feeder


Circuit configurationsRingbusbar (RBB)


Field of applicationSmaller Distribution S/S

FeaturesMaximum security against BB faults(no busbar)Minimum outage for maintenanceUninterrupted power supply duringmaintenance of CBCapability of device for double feedercurrentNot easy to extend


Our High Voltage Substation Solutions

Gas-Insulated Substations

Highly IntegratedSwitchgear HIS®

Gas-InsulatedSwitchgear GIS

Switchgear BaySIMOBREAKER SIMOVER®

Air-Insulated Substations

Dead TankSwitchgear Bay


Gas-Insulated SwitchgearProduct Portfolio

31.5

72.5

63

50

40

25

123 145 300 362 420 550 800

8DN9

Rated voltage (kV)

170 245

8DN8

8DR1

Rated short-breaking current (kA)

8DQ1


High Voltage SubstationAIS Arrangements

500 kV 110 kV

380 kV 220 kV


Electrical Requirements

High Voltage SubstationBasic requirements

Nominal System voltage

Rated voltage

Rated current, feeder and busbar

Rated frequency

Short-circuit current

Short duration power frequency withstand voltage

Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage

Rated switching impulse withstand voltage

Creepage distance

Minimum clearances


Environmental and site conditions

High Voltage SubstationBasic requirements

Ambient temperature (min / average / max)

Seismic conditions

Wind

Altitude

Pollution level

Available space

Existing transmission lines


High Voltage SubstationBasic standards (IEC)

IEC 61936-1 Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC – Part 1 Common Rules

IEC 60071-1 Insulation coordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules

IEC 60071-2 Insulation coordination – Part 2: Application guide

IEC 60865-1 Short-circuit currents – Calculation of effects – Part 1Definitions and calculation methods

IEC/TR 60815 Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions

IEC 60694 Common specification high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards

IEC 60044 Instrument transformers

IEC 62271-100 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 100High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers

IEC 62271-102 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 102Alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches

IEC 62271-203 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 203Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear forrated voltages > 52 kV

DIN EN 50110 Operation of electrical installations



Air-insulated substation arrangement means the physical arrangement of high voltage devices for realization of an electrical circuit configurationwith all the additional necessary components.

The name of the arrangement is derived from:

Type and arrangement ofbusbar disconnector

Arrangement of the fields

Number of Circuit-Breakers



Circuit configurationSingle busbar (1 BB)

H-ConfigurationDouble busbar (2 BB)

1 1/2 Circuit breaker configuration(special solution of 2 BB)

Ring configuration

ArrangementSingle busbar

H-ArrangementDouble busbar

In-line arrangementCentre-tower arrangementDiagonal arrangement

1 1/2 Circuit breaker arrangement(special solution of 2 BB)

Ringarrangement

There is no preferred substation arrangement. All arrangements have under certainconditions advantages and also disadvantages.


High Voltage Substations1 BB – H-Arrangement

„H-Arrangement“ - Substation with 2overhead lines und 2 transformers anda busbar sectionalizer respectively bustie.Solutions with 2 or CB’s are alsopossible.Used in the 110 kV level


High Voltage Substations1 BB – H-Arrangement

Design:

Simple and clear arrangementLess materialSpace savingFew gantries

Devices:

Live tank CBCentre break disconnectorsTubular busbar


Siemens calls this design„Kiellinien “ arrangement

Busbar disconnectors are in-line underthe busbar phases.

Mainly used in 110 kV level, but also for220 kV a low cost solution

High Voltage Substations2 BB – In-line arrangement


High Voltage Substations2 BB – In-line arrangement

Design:

Clear arrangementLess gantries with tubular busbarHigh bay widthLess bay depth

Devices:

Live tank CBCentre break disconnectors, in-lineTubular busbar


This arrangement is called„medium-high“ or „classical“arrangement.

Voltage level mainly 220 kV

High Voltage Substations2 BB – Centre tower arrangement


High Voltage Substations2 BB – Centre tower arrangement

Design:Small bay widthSimple by-passing of the circuit-breaker – current transformers –CombinationHigh effort for the gantries3 levels of conductors

Devices:

Live tank CBCentre break disconnectors, side-by-side arrangementStrained busbar


High Voltage Substations3 BB – Diagonal arrangement

Diagonal arrangement because of thelocation of disconnecting switches under thebusbar.

Typical for German transmission network


High Voltage Substations3 BB – Diagonal arrangement

Design:Small bay depth and widthLess gantriesComplete isolation of BBExpensive pantographdisconnectors

Devices:

Live tank CBPantograph disconnectors,diagonal arrangedTubular busbar


For power transmission substationabove 220 kV

Sample 500 kV diameter

High Voltage Substations1,5 Circuit breaker arrangement



Design:A lot of equipmentA large number of gantriesBig of space requirement

Devices:

Live tank CBVertical break/Centre break/Double break disconnectorsStrained/tubular busbar



Step-down distribution substation 1,5 CBarrangement with Dead tank Circuit breaker

Sample 220 kV



Design:A lot of equipmentA large number of gantriesBig of space requirement

Devices:

Live tank CBVertical break/Double breakdisconnectorsStrained busbar


High Voltage Substationsneed reliable High Voltage Devices

The substation basic requirements

Electrical dataEnvironmental and site conditions

together with requirements from the substation design

Load dataPhase distance

are input data for the design of High Voltage Devices.


High Voltage Substations

Thank you for your attention!

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Power TransmissionDivision – Link between power ... · Power TransmissionDivision – Link between power generationanddistribution ©SiemensAG2009. Alle Rechtevorbehalten. Seite