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5th Annual Conference on
Power Transmission in India Requirements, Plans, Technologies and Regulation
April 30 – May 1, 2012
Key Trends and Outlook
Agenda
• State of the Sector
• Plans and Achievements
• Market Structure
• Regulations
• Technology Trends
• Issues and Challenges
• Conclusion
2
Sector Size and Growth
• The transmission line length has been
growing at a CAGR of 7% between 2007-
08 and 2011-12
− Growth driven by 400 kV lines
− 765 kV line length has doubled
between 2009-10 and 2011-12
− While interstate transmission lines
have grown at a CAGR of 11%,
intrastate has grown at 5% only
• Substation capacity grew at a CAGR of
9% between 2007-08 and 2011-12
− Interstate transformer capacity grew
at a CAGR of 14% while intrastate at
a much lower 7%
Growth in Line Length
Growth in Substation Capacity
3
210,004 222,746
236,467 254,536
274,882
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
ct. k
m
273,862 292,891
310,051 345,513
383,465
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
MV
A
Voltage-wise Break-up of Transmission Network
• The transmission network is dominated
by 220 kV lines, followed by 400 kV
• However, the trend has been a movement
towards higher voltage levels
– 765 kV lines have grown at a CAGR
of 29% between 2007-08 and 2011-
12
– Powergrid is setting up the first 800
kV HVDC line (Biswanath-Chariyali-
Agra Bipole)
– 400 kV level has witnessed a higher
growth than 220 kV level
• Similar trends are visible for the
substation capacity as well
– Aurangabad-Wardha 400 kV Quad D/C
line has been designed such that it can
be converted to 1,200 kV S/C line
Line Length
Substation Capacity
4
13,500
148,682
221,283 31.6
9.67.4
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
765 kV 400 kV 220 kV
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
MV
A
%
Substation capacity Growth
7,057 9,432
118,098
140,295
28.9
12.0
9.3
4.2
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
765 kV 500 kV HVDC
400 kV 220 kV
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
ct.k
m
%
Line length Growth
Interregional Transfer Capacity
• The inter-regional transmission capacity stood at 23,750 MW as of December 2011
− Growth has been slow over the past 3-4 years
• Considering a capacity addition of 76,000 MW in the 12th Plan, interregional links of about
38,000 MW capacity are planned to be added during this Plan period
5
5,050
14,050
16,950
20,750 20,750 22,350
23,750
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
End of Ninth Plan
End of Tenth Plan
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12*
MW
Growth in Interregional Transfer Capacity
* As of December 2011
Agenda
• State of the Sector
• Plans and Achievements
• Market Structure
• Regulations
• Technology Trends
• Issues and Challenges
• Conclusion
6
Eleventh Plan Targets and Achievements
• The total programme for the Eleventh Plan
was around 84,000 ct. km line length and
134,000 MVA substation capacity
• More than 69,000 ct. km line length has
been added implying 82% achievement
• Around 130,000 MVA substation capacity
has been added implying 97% achievement
• Private sector (through JVs) has
contributed 3,700 ct. km and 2,197 MVA
• 765 kV and ± 500 kV HVDC levels have
seen good growth during the Plan period
Transmission Line Length (ct. km)
Substation Capacity (MVA)
7
1,530 2,269
49,396
32,139
3,560 3,288
40,066
26,122
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
± 500 kV HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV
Programme Achievement
2,500 6,484
60,750 66,654
1,000
13,500
52,275
64,387
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
± 500 kV HVDC 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV
Programme Achievement
Twelfth Plan TargetsTwelfth Plan Targets for Transmission Capacity
• Investment required for 12th Plan estimated at Rs 1,800 billion – Rs 1,000 billion by central
sector, Rs 550 billion by state sector and Rs 250 billion by private sector
• Total substation capacity addition during 12th Plan expected to be 270,000 MVA taking total
capacity at end of 12th Plan to more than 640,000 MVA
• HVDC capacity of 13,000 MW expected to be added during the 12th Plan period
• Around 38,000 MW of inter-regional capacity is expected to be added during the 12th Plan
• Huge growth in 765 kV transmission lines and substations planned for evacuation of bulk power8
27,000
38,00035,000
9,440
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
765 kV 400 kV 220 kV +/- 800 HVDC and +/-
500 HVDC
ct. k
m
Planned Transmission Corridors
9
Cluster Number of IPPsInstalled capacity
(MW)LTOA granted (MW)
Corridor cost (Rs
million)
Orissa 7 10,090 6,080 87,520
Jharkhand 5 4,540 4,084 57,090
Sikkim 9 2,358 2,358 13,040
Bilaspur and Madhya
Pradesh6 4,370 4,160 12,430
Chhattisgarh 13 15,485 15,185 288,240
Krishnapatnam 4 4,600 3,072 20,650
Tuticorin 2 2.600 2,045 23,570
Srikakulam 2 3,960 3,760 29,860
Cuddalore/Nagapattinam 3 3,570 2,987 NA
Vemagiri 4 5,400 5,150 NA
IPPs in Southern Region - 11,526 9,227 48,210
Total 55 56,973 48,881 580,610
• Powergrid is constructing 11 high capacity transmission corridors, at an estimated cost of Rs 580
billion to facilitate power transfer from various upcoming IPP generation projects
• Planned transmission lines: 23,000 ct. km – more than 70% will be 765 kV lines
• Planned substations - 29 nos. of more than 60,000 MVA capacity
• Four HVDC terminals of 7,000 MW capacity also planned
Agenda
• State of the Sector
• Plans and Achievements
• Market Structure
• Regulations
• Technology Trends
• Issues and Challenges
• Conclusion
10
Market Structure
Central Transmission
Utility
Joint Ventures
State Transmission
Utilities
Private Players
Tariff-based
Competitive Bidding
Cost plus Tariff
11
Private Sector Participation
12
• Seven Independent Power
Transmission Companies
– RPTL: 3 projects
– STL: 3 projects
– Patel Engineering- BS
TransComm and Simplex
Infrastructure Consortium: 1
project
• Five projects in pipeline
• 3 Joint Ventures with State
Transmission Company (Mahatransco)
– JSW Energy
– Adani Power
– Indiabulls
• Six Joint Ventures with Powergrid
– Tata Power, Reliance, Torrent,
Jaiprakash Hydro, Teesta Urja,
and ONGC Tripura Power
Company
• Eight projects awarded through bidding
route
– Haryana: 1 project
– Rajasthan: 5 projects
– Uttar Pradesh: 2 projects
Interstate Transmission Projects Intra-state Transmission Projects
Private Sector ParticipationRPTL’s Transmission Projects
Sterlite Technologies’ Transmission Projects
Adani Power’s Transmission Projects
• Seven interstate transmission projects awarded
under competitive bidding so far
• WRSSS-II project of RPTL has seen the
commissioning of 5 lines (500 km) – entire
project expected to be commissioned in 2012
• Five more projects worth Rs 65 billion identified
for competitive bidding
– Powergrid has emerged the lowest bidder
for two of these (Vemagiri and
Nagapattinam Cuddalore)
15.0
43.8
0 10 20 30 40 50
Mundra
Tiroda
Investment (Rs billion)
9.0
10.0
13.9
16.0
0 5 10 15 20
Talcher-II
Parbati-Koldam
WRSSS-II
North Karanpura
Investment (Rs billion)
10
13
18
0 5 10 15 20
East-North Interconnection
System Strengthening Common for Western Region and
Northern Region
System Strengthening of the Western Region Transmission
System
Investment (Rs billion)
Independent Power Transmission Project JV Project 13
Private Sector ParticipationTransmission Projects of other Players
• Almost a dozen transmission systems associated with private generation projects being developed
by private players either independently or in JV with the CTU or STUs
• Maharashtra, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh have implemented PPP in state level
transmission projects involving over 4,300 km of lines at investment of over Rs 25 billion
– Three projects in Maharashtra (one is operational) being executed in JV with the STU
– Projects in the remaining states have/will be awarded through the bidding route
10.0
8.6
7.0
4.53.8
3.2 3.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Jaypee Essar Power Teesta Urja JSW Energy Kalpataru and Techno Electric
Torrent Power Patel Engg, BS Transcomm
and Simplex Infra
Inve
stm
en
t (R
s b
illi
on
)
14
State Transmission UtilitiesLine Length of State Transcos
Substation Capacity of State Transcos
• STUs accounted for 323,641 ct. km of
transmission lines and over 483,234 MVA of
transformer capacity as of March 2012
• Maharashtra, Gujarat, UP, AP and TN
account for more than 50% of the total intra-
state transformer capacity
– Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh have
HVDC transformer capacity
• Gujarat, Maharashtra, AP, Karnataka and
Rajasthan account for around half of the total
intra-state line length
• While intra-state transformer capacity grew at
a CAGR of 7.3%, line length grew at 4.7%
(2007-08 to 2011-12)
• Mahatransco incurred the highest capital
expenditure at Rs 29.4 billion during 2010-11
followed by RRVPNL at Rs 20 bilion, and
Tantransco and KPTCL at Rs 17 billion
15
41.6 38.1
31.8 29.827.2 26.5 25.0
23.1
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
GET
CO
MSE
TCL
AP
Tra
nsc
o
KP
TCL
RV
PN
MP
Tra
nsc
o
UP
PTC
L
TAN
TRA
NSC
O
'000
ct.
km
82.6
51.6 49.5 49.041.0 38.4 36.3
34.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
MSE
TCL
GET
CO
UP
PTC
L
AP
Tra
nsc
o
TAN
TRA
NSC
O
RV
PN
KP
TCL
MP
Tra
nsc
o
'000
MV
A
Agenda
• State of the Sector
• Plans and Achievements
• Market Structure
• Regulations
• Technology Trends
• Issues and Challenges
• Conclusion
16
Key Regulations and their Impact
Transmission
Tariff
• Point of Connection method for sharing the cost of and losses in the
interstate transmission system (ISTS) implemented from July 1, 2011
• New pricing framework sensitive to distance, direction and quantum of
power flow
• PoC tariffs based on load flow analysis and capture utilisation of each
network element by the customers
• All designated ISTS customers are default signatories of TSA, ensuring
payment of PoC charge for use of the network
• As per amendment introduced in March 2012, there will be 3 slab rates for
injection and demand PoC charges till 2013-14
• The implementing agency will aggregate PoC charges for geographically
and electrically contiguous nodes on the ISTS to create zones within the
state boundary and arrive at a uniform zonal rate
• Any interstate generating station directly connected to the 400 kV ISTS will
be treated as a separate zone and not clubbed with other generator nodes
Connectivity
and Open
Access
• Generation stations granted connectivity to the grid allowed to inject infirm
power into the grid during testing upto 6 months after first synchronisation
• The CTU or transmission licensee to take up construction of dedicated
transmission line in phases after ensuring that advance payment for main
plant equipment orders have been made (for 500 MW and above thermal
plants and 250 MW and above hydro plants)
17
Key Regulations and their Impact
• The recent amendment has tightening of the operational frequency band
from ‘50.2 to 49.5 Hz’ to ‘50.2 to 49.7 Hz’ aimed at ensuring better
operational performance of the grid
• In the case of forced outages of generating units, the schedule of all
beneficiaries will be reduced on a pro-rata basis
• For new wind energy plants, all fluctuations within ±30% of the schedule will
be borne by all users of the interstate grid
• For solar power, there is no such band and all fluctuations for new solar
power plants have to be borne by users of the interstate grid
• Allows new wind energy generators to fine tune their schedules, based on
forecasting, as close as three hours before actual generation
IEGC
UI Charges
Amendment
• High UI charges as deterrent for overdrawl from the grid
– UI charges specified in the frequency band of 50.2 to 49.5 Hz
– A maximum UI charge of Rs 9.0 per unit is applicable at grid
frequencies below 49.7 Hz
– Additional UI charges: 49.7-49.5 Hz – 20% of the maximum UI charge;
49.5-49.2 Hz – 40% of maximum UI charge; below 49.2 Hz – 100% of
maximum UI charge
18
Agenda
• State of the Sector
• Plans and Achievements
• Market Structure
• Regulations
• Technology Trends
• Issues and Challenges
• Conclusion
19
Technology Trends
Move to higher
voltage levels
• Necessitated by the need to increase the MW flow per metre of RoW
• First line (Biswanath Chariyali - Agra bi-pole line) at 800 kV HVDC level
expected to be completed by August 2013
• Powergrid engaged in developing the 1,200 kV transmission system – UHV
AC test station is under development at Bina, Madhya Pradesh
Conductor
configurations
and materials
• Increasing the thermal capacity of the conductors and use of high
temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors to increase transmission capacity
• High Surge Impedance Loading (HSIL) technology to increase the load of
the lines
• Low resistance conductors (AL59 alloy conductors) and dull surface finish
conductors are some of the upcoming kinds of conductors.
Others
• Tower design improvements
– Compact/pole type towers for to tackle RoW issues
– Multicircuit towers
• Substation automation
• Compact substations - gas insulated switchgear
20
Smart Grid Initiatives in Transmission
21
• Key smart-grid technologies deployed in transmission:
– Synchronized Phasor Measurements using Wide Area Monitoring Systems
like PMUs
– Self Healing Power Systems
– Adaptive Islanding Systems
• Remote operations of substation – 27 unmanned substations as of today
– Setting up of National Transmission Monitoring Centre (NTMC) by 2013
– Remote monitoring and operation of 192 Substations
• Powergrid has commissioned 8 PMUs in the northern grid under the first WAMS
pilot project
– Pilot projects being implemented in other regions: Western Region (25
PMUs), Eastern Region (25 PMUs), Southern Region (6 PMUs), North
Eastern Region (6 PMU)
– Power grid plans to cover all 400 kV and above substations by installing
around 1,000 PMUs by 2015
Key Initiatives by CTU
Agenda
• State of the Sector
• Plans and Achievements
• Market Structure
• Regulations
• Technology Trends
• Issues and Challenges
• Conclusion
22
Demand
Centres
Generation
Centres
Need for bulk power
transfer over long
distance through strong
national electricity grid
Issues and Challenges
23
Issues and Challenges
Procedural
delays
• Delays in land acquisition, obtaining right of way (ROW), environmental and
related statutory clearances
• Equipment deployment, use and repair, particularly in hostile terrains
• Bidding process takes a long time which adds to the transaction costs of
prospective developers
Lack of
coordination
• Coordination with generation projects, so that the transmission system
comes up in tandem with the generation capacity
• Transmission networks can be better planned when the allocation of
generation projects is decided in a holistic manner
• Merchant capacities and renewable power pose their own challenges
Limited private
sector
participation
• Unlike generation, private participation in transmission has been limited
• Private sector players have concerns regarding a level playing field
• Steps like standard bidding documents, PoC tariffs, payment security
mechanism etc. will provide confidence
Inadequate
investments
• Investments in intra-state transmission networks have been inadequate
• Due to network constraints, power cannot be fully transported from surplus
to deficit areas, and open access transactions cannot be effectively
facilitated
• PoC tariffs if implemented at the state level could make transmission
investments self sustaining 24
Agenda
• State of the Sector
• Plans and Achievements
• Market Structure
• Regulations
• Technology Trends
• Issues and Challenges
• Conclusion
25
Summing Up
26
• Move to higher voltages including 765 kV, 800 kV HVDC and 1,200 kV
• Smart grid projects
• GIS substations, SCADA, ERP
• Open access, power trading, ABT regime are new sector challenges
• Transmission investments in increasing system redundancies and a strong grid
• Synchronisation of all regional grids to ensure seamless flow of power
• Targeted increase in inter-regional capacity to 75,000 MW by 2017
• 76,000 MW planned capacity addition in 12th Plan
• Generation and load centresdispersed
• High amount of renewable power capacity coming up
Generation capacity addition
National grid
Technology upgradation
Emerging requirements