Power sector moving towards deregulation

8/9/2019 Power sector moving towards deregulation

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Dr. YOG RAJ SOODProfessor & Dean (R & D)

Department Of Electrical EngineeringNAT ONA! NST T"TE O# TE$%NO!OGY

%A RP"R ' **+ (%.P.)

POWER SECTOR

MOVING TOWARDS

DEREGULATION


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Since the mid-1980 the e!ect"ic#! $%&e"'$$!( ind' t"( #"%'nd the &%"!d h#e)$e"ienced # $e"i%d %* "#$id #nd c"itic#!ch#n+e , "e+#"din+ the ( e!ect"icit( i+ene"#ted, t"#n mitted #nd di t"i 'ted.

The need *%" m%"e e/cienc( in $%&e"$"%d'cti%n #nd de!i e"( h# !ed t%

$"i #ti #ti%n, "e t"'ct'"in+ #nd 2n#!!(de"e+'!#ti%n %* the $%&e" ect%" in e e"#!c%'nt"ie t"#diti%n#!!( 'nde" c%nt"%! %**ede"#! #nd t#te +% e"nment .


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M#n( c%'nt"ie !i3e En+!#nd, United St#te %*Ame"ic#, C#n#d#, A' t"#!i#, Ne& 4e#!#nd, Chi!e,A"+entin#, Pe"' #nd C%!%m i# #"e #!"e#d(e)e"ci in+ &ith de"e+'!#ted e!ect"icit( ind' t"(.

Th%'+h the"e #"e %me $it*#!! he"e #nd the"e, theend ' e" %* the ( tem #"e en5%(in+ the *"'it %*

the de"e+'!#ted e!ect"icit( ind' t"( t"ee.

M#n( de e!%$in+ c%'nt"ie !i3e INDIA #"e #! %m% in+ t%"d "e t"'ct'"in+ #nd de"e+'!#ti%n %*$%&e" ect%".


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Wheeling It is the use of transmission facilities of a system to transmit

power for other sellers and buyers .

Definitions;Wheeling is the transmission of power from a seller to a

buyer through the network owned by a third party. It may be defined as, the use of transmission ordistribution facilities of a system to transmit power of and

for another entity or entities.

It may also be defined as , Wheeling is the use of some partys (or parties) transmission system(s) for the benefit ofthe other parties.


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In traditional power system, go ernments mostly ownthe integrated electricity utilities, ha ing completecontrol o er generation, transmission and distribution.

!istorically, wheeling has not been a ery importantissue. Inter ening utilities ha e been in ol edformally as part of a contract path between a buyerand a seller utility.


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Whee!in+ i # m%n+"e! c%nce$t "e '!tin+ *"%mm#tin+ t&% inhe"ent!( di6e"ent ec%n%micc%nce$t 7 #n ide#! &%"!d %* "e+'!#ted 'ti!itie , #nd

#n ide#! de"e+'!#ted c%m$etiti e m#"3et $!#ce.It i #n im$%"t#nt !in3 et&een c%n enti%n#!inte+"#ted $%&e" ( tem #nd de"e+'!#ted $%&e"ind' t"(.In de"e+'!#ted en i"%nment, the t"#n mi i%n( tem %&ne" c%'!d e c%n ide"ed # the thi"d$#"t( t% $"% ide &hee!in+ *%" '(e" "et#i!e" %"'!3 !%#d cente" #nd e!!e" +ene"#ti%nc%m$#nie %" IPP .


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$ie line

GENERAT ON

D STR ,"T ON

TRANS SS ON

%ig 1.1& $raditional integrated power system

$ie line


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$ie line

GENERAT ON

TRANS SS ON

D STR ,"T ON

%ig 1.1& $raditional integrated power system

$ie line


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$he necessary re)uirement for deregulation isrestr-ct-ring of electricity supply industry *+ I-whose basic feat-res are as follows&$o introduce competition into a hithertomonopolistic industry. In order to achie e this, toseparate * ertical unbundling- the functions of

power generation, transmission, distribution andelectricity supply to consumers.$o create se eral competing electricity generationscompanies *hori ontal unbundling-.$o recogni e that the power transmission system is

a natural monopoly and, accordingly, to ma/especial regulatory pro isions in this respect.$o allow consumers, to e0ercise choice betweensuppliers *generation companies- while still usingthe e0isting transmission facilities.


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Transco

enco enco enco

encoenco

I

$ie lines$ie lines

Disco Disco

Deregulated power system

ul/ consumers


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Transco

enco 1 enco 2 enco 3

enco 5enco 4

I

$ie lines$ie lines

Disco 1 Disco 2

Deregulated power system

ul/ consumers


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:ene2t *"%m the

de"e+'!#ti%nM#in ene2t *"%m the de"e+'!#ti%n#"e, che#$e" e!ect"icit( #nd e/cientc#$#cit( e)$#n i%n $!#nnin+.

The de"e+'!#ti%n %* $%&e" ect%"$"% ide # *#i" c%m$etiti%n #m%n+

$"%d'ce" # &e!! # m%"e ch%ice#nd ette" e" ice *%" c%n 'me" %*e!ect"icit(.

T 2


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13 12

L18 L17 L16 L15 L14 L11 L8

G3

L19

L20

L21

L22 L25

L27

L23

L24

11 10 9

8

7 4

G2

T 29T28

765KV

T 31T30

L12

L13

L10

L9

6

17

16G4

18

14

L26

3

L5

L4L3

G!

5

15

400KV

1

2

L2L1

T 1

T 1

T 2

T 2

T3

T 3


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Wheeling transactions

It i de2ned # , ;the t"#n mi i%n %*e!ect"ic#! $%&e" *%" %the" entit( ie (# 'ti!it( th#t neithe" +ene"#te n%"intend t% ' e the $%&e" # # ( tem"e %'"ce *%" meetin+ it %&n n#ti e!%#d


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T($e %* t"#n #cti%n

Feasible Transactions=e# i !e t"#n #cti%n c#n e

#cc%mm%d#ted &ith%'t i%!#tin+ thet"#n mi i%n net&%"3 c%n t"#int .Non-Feasible TransactionsUn*e# i !e t"#n #cti%n i%!#te

t"#n mi i%n net&%"3 c%n t"#int #ndhence c#nn%t e #cc%mm%d#ted*'!!(.


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Firm Transactions The e #"e the t"#n #cti%n th#t #"e

n%t ' 5ect t% di c"eti%n#"(inte""'$ti%n . The e #"e #! % 3n%&n# "e e" ed t"#n #cti%n .

Non-frm Transactions The e t"#n #cti%n m#( e c'"t#i!ed#t the 'ti!it(> di c"eti%n. The e #"e#! % c#!!ed # -# #i!# !e t"#n #cti%n .


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Bilateral TransactionsIt i # i!#te"#! e)ch#n+e %* $%&e" et&een #'(in+ #nd # e!!in+ entit(. The e)ch#n+e c#ne $"%$% ed, ched'!ed %" #ct'#!.Multilateral TransactionsIn # m'!ti!#te"#! t"#n #cti%n $%&e" i in5ected+ene"#ti%n #t di6e"ent ' e #nd t#3en %'t

!%#d #t %me #n%the" di6e"ent ' eim'!t#ne%' !(. S'ch th#t 'm %* #!!+ene"#ti%n i e?'#! t% #!! !%#d in thet"#n #cti%n, e)c!'din+ !% e . L% e m#( e'$$!ied ( +ene"#t%" %* the t"#n #cti%n %"

( the $%%!@'ti!it( # $e" $"e de2ned c%nt"#ct.


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P"i #ti #ti%n

T"#n mi i%n O$en AcceTOARe- t"'ct'"in+

De-"e+'!#ti%n

Steps towardsSteps towards

deregulationderegulation


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Privatization:S#!e ( # +% e"nment %* it t#te-%&nede!ect"ic 'ti!it( # et , #nd %$e"#tin+c%m$#n(, t% $"i #te c%m$#nie .Transmission Open Access TOA!::ec#' e %* t"#n mi i%n %$en #cce ,

entitie th#t did n%t %&n t"#n mi i%n!ine &e"e +"#nted the "i+ht t% ' e thet"#n mi i%n ( tem. The #im %* TOA it% int"%d'ce c%m$etiti%n int% thet"#diti%n#! "e+'!#ted 'ti!itie &ith%'t+i in+ '$ the e)i tin+ "e+'!#tin+


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"e-structuringRe- t"'ct'"in+ %* "e+'!#ted $%&e" ect%" it% e$#"#te the *'ncti%n %* $%&e"+ene"#ti%n, t"#n mi i%n #nd di t"i 'ti%n.#e-regulationIt i ch#n+in+ the m%n%$%!( *"#nchi e "'!e%" %the" "e+'!#ti%n %* "e+'!#ted ind' t"(,

th#t #6ect h%& e!ect"ic c%m$#nie d%' ine , #nd h%& c' t%me" m#( '(e!ect"ic $%&e" #nd e" ice .


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$OMPON%NT& OF #%"%'()AT%#$OMPON%NT& OF #%"%'()AT%#

&*&T%M&*&T%M

'eneration $ompanies 'encos!Buil+ Operate an+ Trans,er BOT! plant orn+epen+ent Po.er Pro+ucers PPs!Transmission $ompanies Transcos! an+Transmission O.ners Tos!#istribution $ompanies #iscos! an+"etailers

n+epen+ent &/stem Operator &O!Po.er %0changer P1!&che+uling $oor+inators &$s!


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'eneration $ompanies'encos!Genc% #"e "e $%n i !e *%"%$e"#tin+ #nd m#int#inin++ene"#tin+ $!#nt in the +ene"#ti%nect%" #nd in m% t %* c# e , #"e the%&ne" %* the $!#nt . In %me c# eindi id'#! +ene"#t%" d% n%t m#"3etthei" %'t$'t, 't %n!( Genc% m#"3etthe %'t$'t %* #!! it +ene"#t%" .


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Buil+ Operate an+ Trans,er BOT!plant or n+epen+ent Po.erPro+ucers PPs!

:OT %" IPP c#n #ct # it %&n

+ene"#t%"- e" in+ entit( #ndinde$endent!( m#"3et it %'t$'t t% #t"#din+ entit( %" t% # !%#d e" in+entit(.


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Transmission $ompanies Transcos!an+ Transmission O.ners Tos!

T"#n c% m% e $%&e" in '!3 ?'#ntitie*"%m &he"e it i $"%d'ced t% &he"e it ide!i e"ed. In m% t de"e+'!#ted ind' t"(t"'ct'"e , the T"#n mi i%n c%m$#nie%&n #nd m#int#in t"#n mi i%n !ine'nde" m%n%$%!( *"#nchi e #nd #"ec#!!ed T"#n mi i%n O&ne" T% , 'tthe( d%e n%t %$e"#te them. Theinde$endent ( tem %$e"#t%" d% th#t.


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#istribution $ompanies

#iscos! an+ "etailersDi c% # 'me the #me "e $%n i i!it(%n the di t"i 'ti%n ide # in #t"#diti%n#! "e+'!#t%"( '$$!( 'ti!it(.B%&e e", # t"end in de"e+'!#ti%n ith#t Di c% m#( n%& e "e t"icted t%m#int#in the di t"i 'ti%n net&%"3 #nd$"% ide *#ci!itie *%" e!ect"icit(de!i e"( &hi!e "et#i!e" #"e e$#"#ted*"%m Di c% #nd #!e e!ect"ic ene"+(t% end c%n 'me" .


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n+epen+ent &/stem

Operator &O! The ISO i the '$"eme entit( inthe c%nt"%! %* t"#n mi i%n( tem. The # ic "e?'i"ement%* #n ISO i di # %ci#ti%n *"%m#!! m#"3et $#"tici$#nt #nd# ence *"%m #n( 2n#nci#!inte"e t in the +ene"#ti%n #nddi t"i 'ti%n ' ine .


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Po.er %0changer P1! The P h#nd!e the e!ect"ic $%&e"$%%!, &hich $"% ide # *%"'m t% m#tche!ect"ic#! ene"+( '$$!( #nd dem#nd

# ed %n id $"ice . The time h%"i %n%* the $%%! m#"3et m#( "#n+e *"%mh#!* #n h%'" t% # &ee3 %" !%n+e".

The m% t ' '#! i the d#(-#he#d

m#"3et t% *#ci!it#te ene"+( t"#din+ %ned#( e*%"e e#ch %$e"#tin+ d#(.


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&che+uling $oor+inators &$s!SC #++"e+#te $#"tici$#nt in the ene"+(t"#de #nd #"e *"ee t% ' e $"%t%c%! th#tm#( di6e" *"%m $%%! "'!e .

In %the" &%"d m#"3et $#"tici$#nt m#(ente" #n SC> m#"3et 'nde" SC> "'!eth"%'+h i!#te"#! #nd m'!ti!#te"#!t"#n #cti%n .


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%1 &T N' MO#%)& OF #%"%'()AT ON

P%%! M%de!

P%%! #nd :i!#te"#! M%de!M'!ti!#te"#! T"#de M%de!


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P%%! M%de! The En+!#nd W#!e m%de! it($ic#! %* thic#te+%"(.

The

de"e+'!#ti%nm%de! %* Chi!e,A"+entin# #ndE# t A' t"#!i##! % *#!! in thic#te+%"( &ith%mem%di2c#ti%n .

GENCOS

PX TRANSMISSIO N TRANSCOS

RETAILERS

CONSUMERS

DISCOS

Energy sales Energy Flow Coordination

" #""L

%igure 1. 3& ower ool 6odel


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P%%! :i!#te"#! M%de!

The C#!i*%"ni#m%de! i %*thi c#te+%"(.

The N%"dicm%de! #nd theNe& 4ee!#ndm%de! #!m% t*#!! int% thic#te+%"( &ith%mem%di2c#ti%n .

GENCOS

PX SCs

RETAILERS

CONSUMERS

Transco

DISCOS

Energy sales Energy Flow Coordination

"

%igure 1.4& ool and bilateral model


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Sin+!e A'cti%n P%&e" P%%!U.F.

1 2 3 .. 7

81

82

83

8n

6ar/et 8learing rice

+nergy id

id rice 9oad %orecast

eneration:ffer rices

%ig 1."


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D%' !e A'cti%n P%&e" P%%! Ne&4e#!#nd

1 2 3 7

D 1 D 2 D 6

6ar/et 8learing rice

eneration:ffer rices

id rice

+nergy id

urchase id rices

+nergy 8leared

%ig. 1.#


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In #ct'#! $"#ctice id ch#"#cte"i tic #"en%t % im$!e.

In m( "e e#"ch &%"3, the $"%$% ed+ene"#!i ed de"e+'!#ted m%de! h#een #n#!( ed %n IEEE- 0 te t ( temA!! the i) +ene"#t%" #"e # 'med t%id *%!!%&in+ c% t ch#"#cte"i tic


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? ub@ect to the following constraints after adding all firm transactions.


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%or each > bus m, notincluding the ref. bus.

%or each < bus i

@ g g

$he power flow e)uation of the power networ/

Ahere

-,* =" g

and are respecti ely specified real and reacti e power for < bus i.

and are respecti ely calculated and specified real power for > bus m.

and are oltage magnitude and phase angles of different buses.

}

}}

=

netmm

net

ii

netii

-*>, ,,

-g*>,

where& and are respecti ely calculated real and reacti e power for < bus i.i i#net

i net

i#

m net m#

"


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SRMC %* t"#n #cti%n # dete"mined in the$"e i%' ch#$te", #cc%'nt *%" thet"#n mi i%n !% e in the ( tem.

:'t thi d%e n%t c%n ide" the em edded c% t%* #"i%' t"#n mi i%n *#ci!itie .Embedded cost is defned as the revenueEmbedded cost is defned as the revenuerequirements needed to pay or all existingre quirements needed to pay or all existingacilities plus any new acilities added to theacilities plus any new acilities added to the

power system during the li e o the contract or power system during the li e o the contract ortransmission servicetransmission service .

A))O$AT ON OF%MB%#%# $O&T


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The em edded c% t #!!%c#ti%n i "e?'i"ed %th *%"inte+"#ted "e+'!#ted $%&e" ect%" m% in+ t%"dde"e+'!#ti%n # &e!! # de"e+'!#ted $%&e" ect%".

B%&e e" in de"e+'!#ted $%&e" ( tem thee!ect"icit( m#"3et i decided *%" #n h%'" in %mec# e %n!( *%" h#!* #n h%'" .S% the c% t #!!%c#ti%n *%" e#ch t"#n #cti%n h#een c#!c'!#ted in H@ h%'" %" R . $e" h%'" .In thi ch#$te" # ic meth%d "e$%"ted in the!ite"#t'"e h# e een "e ie&ed.

The e meth%d #!%n+ &ith $"%$% ed meth%d h# eeen #n#!( ed %n 18- ' S%'th A*"ic#n ( tem.

In the ne)t ch#$te" $"%$% ed meth%d h# een#$$!ied t% J- ' Indi#n $%&e" ( tem # &e!! #IEEE-118 ' ( tem.


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MATBEMATICAL =ORMULATION

="%m the T"#n mi i%n C%m$#n( c% t d#t#,t"#n mi i%n *#ci!it( c% t T=C * %* e#ch *#ci!it(* i c#!c'!#ted *%" the (e#" 'nde" t'd(.

The #nn'#! 2)ed ch#"+ed "#te A=CR ic#!c'!#ted *%" the (e#" 'nde" t'd( *"%m the'm %* $e" 'nit c% t d#t#, &hich inc!'dem#inten#nce c% t, t#)e , in '"#nce, inK#ti%n"#te, #dmini t"#ti e #nd +ene"#! e)$en e .

T"#n mi i%n c% t %* *#ci!it( * t% e #!!%c#ted t%t"#n mi i%n ( tem ' e", i.e. t%t#!t"#n mi i%n #nn'#! "e en'e "e?'i"ement *%"the *#ci!it( *, i +i en ( C * A=CR T=C *


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ostage $tamp %ethod

$he postage stamp * - method also called Bolled in

method, is based on the idea that each party benefits fromthe use of the transmission system and total costs are

therefore allocated proportionally to transaction amount o

each party. $he cost 8a $ of the transaction w is calculated

as

'#"!

!a peak

w& = *5.1-

where&

! C $otal transmission annual re enue re)uirement

peak is the ma0imum acti e load of the completetransmission system.

= f

f ! !


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MW Mile Method


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MW Mile Method:

Dccording to 6A 6ile *6A6- method, embedded costs otransmission system are allocated proportionally to the change in theline 6A flows caused by transaction and length of the line in miles.$he transaction cost 8c $ is EFh for a transaction $ is gi en by thefollowing e)uations.

=

& f f & f

f f & f

& ) ' ) %W ( (

' ) %W ( ! !c

'#" *5.3-

where

&)ntransactiowithout ( %W )& ntransactiowith( %W %W f f f =

9 f C 9ength of transmission 9ine f

*6A f -$ C 6A flow in facility f due to transaction $.


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oundary low %ethod*

oundary %low * %- method is used for calculating the

changes for transmission transaction across the borders of a grid.$he resulting cost in EFh allocation to a transaction $ is gi en bythe following e)uation

) (

) %W ( ! !d

loading ma+

ii

& '#"

21

= *5.4-

where&&)ntransactiowithout ( %W )& ntransactiowith( %W %W iii =

loading ma+ is the ma0imum acti e load transmission system *grid-

including wheeling transaction. i C boundary lines


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T&% $%&e" K%& , e)ec'ted 'cce i e!( &ith#nd &ith%'t the t"#n #cti%n, (ie!d the ch#n+ein indi id'#! %'nd#"( !ine .Once #+#in, th"ee c# e c#n e di tin+'i hed7:=-net, :=-$% #nd :=-+"% . B%&e e":=-net i c%n ide"ed in thi $#$e".:= meth%d i ' e*'! &hen m%"e then %net"#n mi i%n c%m$#n( i in %! ed in &hee!in+t"#n #cti%n. The di t#nce &hee!ed i n%t t#3en int%#cc%'nt in thi meth%d.

MVA Mile Method:


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$he transaction cost 85 $ is EFh for a transaction $ is gi en bythe following e)uations.

=

& f f & f

f f & f

& ) ' ) %"( (

' ) %"( ! !e

'#" *5.5-

where&

' f C 9ength of transmission facility f (%" f )& C 6> flow in facility f due to transaction & .

Depending on the direction of power flow, three sub methodscan also be distinguished in this proposed method. $he 6> netchange *6> 6 net-, 6> positi e change *6> 6 pos- and

6> gross change *6> 6 gross-. $he same sign con entionshold as for the 6A 6ile method.

transaction causing more reacti e power loading will beallocated more cost than other transactions, by this method only. othis method is most realistic and fair among all e0isting methods,including 6A mile method.

MVA Mile Method:


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New Proposed Method In =!%&-mi!e meth%d the ch#n+e in K%& MW %" MVA inthe e#ch *#ci!it(, d'e t% # t"#n #cti%n #"e m'!ti$!ied (the !en+th %* e#ch *#ci!it(. It me#n *%" the #me t"#n mi i%n %* $%&e", #t"#n mi i%n !ine &ith !%n+ !en+th, &i!! h# e m%"e&ei+ht#+e % e" h%"t !en+th !ine.I* #!! the !ine h# e #me "#tin+ th#n the"e i n% $"% !em.:'t t&% t"#n mi i%n !ine &ith #me !en+th m#( h# edi6e"ent "#tin+ #nd hence di6e"ent c% t,S% the( h%'!d h# e di6e"ent &ei+ht#+e *%" c% t

#!!%c#ti%n.


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& M()AT ON "%&()T&

A!! # % e meth%d %* #!!%c#ti%n %* em eddedc% t h# e een #n#!( ed %n m%di2ed 18- 'S%'th A*"ic#n $%&e" ( tem.Sin+!e !ine di#+"#m %* thi ( tem i h%&n in2+. J.1=%'" im'!t#ne%' i!#te"#! t"#n #cti%n #+i en in t# !e J.1 #nd h%&n in 2+.J.1 #"e#dded t% thi ( tem *%" #n#!( i .

1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 7 4

T 2T 4


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"4%ig 5.1& outh frica ower ystem

L 1 8 L 1 7 L 1 6 L 1 5 L 1 4 L 1 1 L 8

G 3

L 1 9

L 2 0

L 2 1

L 2 2 L 2 5

L 2 7

L 2 3

L 2 4

8

G 2

T 2 9T 2 8

7 6 5 K V

T 3 1T 3 0

L 1 2

L 1 3

L 1 0

L 9

6

1 7

1 6G 4

1 8

1 4

L 2 6

3

L 5

L 4L 3

G !

5

1 5

4 0 0 K V

1

2

L 2L 1

T 1

T 1

T 2

T 3

T 3

T 4


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$able5.1& *$ransactions->alue of

$ransaction$ransaction

%romus

7o.

$ous

7o. *6A- 6> B $1 4 13 1 . .$2 11 5 12. .$3 3 14 15. #.2"45

*pfC .(-$4 " 12 25. 12.1 #5*

pfC .(-


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""

ostage $tamp %ethod*

$able 5.2& * ostage tamp 6ethod-$ransa

ction8ost

*EFhour-8ost*EF6

Ah-$1 1'.1# 1.'1#$2 21.' 1.'1#$3 2#.25 1.'1#$4 45.42 1.'1#

o method is easy to implement and does not re)uire a

power flow in the calculation process. 7either the distance wheeled,nor re erse flows are ta/en into account.


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"#

-. !ontract ath %ethod

$able 5.3& *8ontract ath 6ethod-

$ransaction

min

path

*6A-

8ontract ath 8ost*EFhour-

8ost*EF6Ah-

$1 5 9ine ' 11 1415 1" 1# 1'

53.54 5.35

$2 5 9ine 1" 15 1411 ' #

" . 5.

$3 5 9ine 5 13 23 41.3' 2.#"$4 5 9ine 1 13 23

21 1'25. 3 1.

$he 8 method is easy to implement, but the embedded capitalcost of those facilities, which lies along the assumed path, is onlyta/en into consideration. 6oreo er neither re erse flows or parallelflows are considered.

$est roblem and Besults


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"'

1 3 1 2

L 1 8 L 1 7 L 1 6 L 1 5 L 1 4 L 1 1 L 8

G 3

L 1 9

L 2 0

L 2 1

L 2 2 L 2 5

L 2 7

L 2 3

L 2 4

1 1 1 0 9

8

7 4

G 2

T 2 9T 2 8

7 6 5 K V

T 3 1T 3 0L 1 2

L 1 3

L 1 0

L 9

6

1 7

1 6G 4

1 8

1 4

L 2 6

3

L 5

L 4L 3

G !

5

1 5

4 0 0 K V

1

2L 2L 1

T 1

T 1

T 2

T 2

T 3

T 3

T 4

T 4

outh frica ower ystem

oundary low %ethod*


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"(

$able& 5.4 * oundary %low 6ethod-$ransaction

8ost allocation of area

*EFhour- *EF6Ah-$1 2$663603 0$26636$2 %4$67021 %0$38918$3 2$678539 0$178569

$4 2$685305 0$107412

$he boundary lines are 12,13,22 and

23.Besult of this method is difficult to compare

with other methods, because this method has

been used for calculating the cost allocation

across the border of the grid only .


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#

1 3 1 2

L 1 8 L 1 7 L 1 6 L 1 5 L 1 4 L 1 1 L 8

G 3

L 1 9

L 2 0

L 2 1

L 2 2 L 2 5

L 2 7

L 2 3

L 2 4

1 1 1 0 9

8

7 4

G 2

T 2 9T 2 8

7 6 5 K V

T 3 1T 3 0L 1 2

L 1 3

L 1 0

L 9

6

1 7

1 6G 4

1 8

1 4

L 2 6

3

L 5

L 4

L 3

G !

5

1 5

4 0 0 K V

1

2L 2L 1

T 1

T 1

T 2

T 2

T 3

T 3

T 4

T 4

outh frica ower ystem

8


71/88

#1

Flo.-mile Metho+ Thi meth%d i $% i !( the *#i"e t #m%n+#!! the # % e meth%d . B%&e e" it "e?'i"e!%t %* c%m$'t#ti%n , in $#"tic'!#" *%" !#"+en'm e" %* im'!t#ne%' t"#n #cti%n . The*%!!%&in+ t&% c# e #"e c%n ide"ed.

C# e17 =%'" im'!t#ne%' t"#n #cti%n# h%&n in t# !e J.1 &ith %n!( "e#!c%m$%nent h# een t#3en *%" #n#!( i .C# e 7 A!! t"#n #cti%n # in c# e1.

:%th "e#! # &e!! # "e#cti e c%m$%nent%* t"#n #cti%n T #nd T h# eenc%n ide"ed *%" #n#!( i .


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#2

MW-Mile Metho+

$able 5.5& *6A 6ile 6ethod-8ase1 8ase2ran

cti 8ost*EFhour-

8ost*EF6Ah-

8ost*EFhour-

8ost*EF6Ah-

1 "#.(3 ".#( "#.'4 ".#'2 1 ".(# '.(1 1 #.32 '.(4

3 ''.3# 5.'( ''.34 5.'(4 5#.1# 2.2( 55.'' 2.24ool ( (.2' 1.'2 ( 11. 3 1.'2


73/88

#3

M2A-Mile metho+:

$able 5."& *6> 6ile 6ethod-8ase1 8ase2$rans

8ost*EFhour-

8ost*EF6Ah-

8ost*EFhour-

8ost*EF6Ah-

$1 80$94 8$09 81$30 8$13$2 %110$75 %9$23 %111$33 %9$28$3 108$78 7$25 109$27 7$28$4 95$70 3$83 82$05 3$28ool 8941$10 1$80 8834$96 1$81


74/88

#4

Propose+ Flo.-cost metho+

$able 5.#& *proposed 6A 8ost 6ethod-8ase1 8ase2$ransac

tion 8ost*EFhour- 8ost*EF6Ah- 8ost*EFhour- 8ost*EF6Ah-

$1 70$97 7$10 70$91 7$09$2 %103$35 %8$61 %103$59 %8$63$3 87$03 5$80 87$01 5$80$4 33$91 1$36 33$32 1$33ool 9027$22 1$82 9028$12 1$82


75/88

#5

$able 5.'& * roposed 6> 8ost 6ethod-8ase1 8ase2$ransac

tion 8ost*EFhour-

8ost*EF6Ah-

8ost*EFhour-

8ost*EF6Ah-

$1 80$33 8$03 80$74 8$07$2 %106$90 %8$91 %107$50 %8$96$3 102$26 6$82 102$83 6$86$4 63$39 2$54 50$42 2$02

ool 8976$70 1$81 8989$30 1$81


76/88

#"

&O Activities in Pool Mar3et The ISO i # m#in entit( *%" them#n#+ement #nd c%nt"%! %* $%&e"$%%!. It m#in #cti itie #"ec!# i2ed # 7

24-hours ahead of scheduleIn real time

After real time


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##

24-hours ahead of schedule Recei e '$$!( c'" e *"%m e#ch+ene"#t%", dem#nd c'" e *"%m

!%#d #nd #! % &i!!in+ne t% $#($"ice *"%m n%n-2"m t"#n #cti%nne)t h%'"@ 8 h#!*-h%'" $e"i%d .Dete"mine # *e# i !e ched'!e th#tm#)imi e %ci#! &e!*#"e.


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#'

In real time

Di $#tche +ene"#ti%n, !%#d #ndt"#n #cti%n #nd net&%"3 e" ice .De i#ti%n *"%m ched'!e #"edete"mined #nd $en#!i ed


79/88

#(

After real time

C#!c'!#te n%d#! $"ice %* ene"+(,net&%"3 e" ice ch#"+e ,

em edded c% t #!!%c#ti%n, etc.C#!c'!#te 2n#! ett!ementinc!'din+ $"ice #nd $en#!tie .


80/88


81/88

'1

&n'illary ser(i'es are needed to )ine t*nesyste+ energy needs , -ely )ir+ly on t.e+)or -elia/ilityar et 'o+ etition

! inning reser(eon%s inning reser(e-e la'e+ent reser(es

ilateral 'ontra'tsoltage s* ort -eg*lation * and down-ea'ti(e ower s* ort

Anci!!#"( Se" ice


82/88

'2

INDIAN POWER SECTOR Ti!! 1991, the $%&e" ect%" m#in!( 'nde" the+% e"nment %&ne" hi$ 'nde" #"i%' t#te #nd cent"#!+% e"nment %&ned 'ti!itie .In mid 1990 , O"i # e+#n # $"%ce %* *'nd#ment#!

"e t"'ct'"in+ %* the t#te $%&e" ect%".Unde" the W%"!d :#n3 W: !%#n, the t#te decided t%#d%$t-&h#t i 3n%&n # W:-O"i # m%de! %* "e*%"m. Thic%n i t %* *%!!%&in+ th"ee t"#te+(.

i Un- 'nd!in+ the inte+"#ted 'ti!it( in th"ee e$#"#teect%" %* +ene"#ti%n, t"#n mi i%n #nd di t"i 'ti%n.

ii P"i #ti #ti%n %* the +ene"#ti%n #nd di t"i 'ti%nc%m$#nie

iii E t# !i hment %* inde$endent "e+'!#t%"( c%mmi i%n t%"e+'!#te the e 'ti!itie .


83/88

'3

S%%n #*te""d e e"#! %the" t#te'ch # Andh"# P"#de h, B#"(#n#,

Utt#" P"#de h #nd R#5# th#n #! %em #"3ed %n imi!#" "e*%"m #nd#! % # #i!ed !%#n *"%m m'!ti!#te"#!de e!%$ment #n3 'ch # the W:

#nd A i#n De e!%$ment :#n3. L#te" t#te %* F#"n#t#3# #nd De!hi#! % 5%ined the #nd+%n.


84/88

'4

The E!ect"icit( Re+'!#t%"( C%mmi i%nAct, 1998 %* the cent"#! +% e"nmenten# !ed t#te t% e t# !i h inde$endent"e+'!#t%"( c%mmi i%n #!!e i#tin+ theneed *%" # t#te !e e! !e+i !#ti%n. Se e"#! t#te 'ch # M#h#"# ht"#,

T#mi! N#d' #nd P'n5# h# e e t# !i hed"e+'!#t%"( c%mmi i%n 'nde" thicent"#! !e+i !#ti%n.

In A'+' t 001 the cent"#! +% e"nment


85/88

'5

In A + t 001, the cent #! +% e nmenth# int"%d'ced # i!!, The E!ect"icit( :i!!001>.

It $"% ide *%" inc"e# ed c%m$etiti%n inthe $%&e" ect%" ( *#ci!it#tin+ %$en#cce t% t"#n mi i%n #nd di t"i 'ti%n+"id, $%&e" t"#din+, #nd #! % #!!%&in+ettin+ '$ %* c#$ti e $%&e" $!#nt&ith%'t #n( "e t"icti%n.

A*te" !%t %* m%di2c#ti%n , the e!ect"icit(#ct 00 $# ed ( the Indi#nG% e"nment.


86/88

'"

The *"eed%m %* +ene"#tin+ c%m$#nie t% e!!e!ect"icit( t% thi"d $#"t(.

The #ct &i!! im$"% e the e/cienc( %* the"m#!$%&e" $!#nt i# im$"% ement in $!#nt !%#d*#ct%".V#"i%' $!#(e" IPP &%'!d c%me *%""d *%"$"%d'cin+ e!ect"icit( in the Indi#n M#"3et.In thi #ct the"e i # $"% i i%n %* Re+'!#t%"(C%mmi i%n.

The "%!e %* "e+'!#t%" &%'!d n%t c%n2ne %n!( t%t#"i6 ette" 't &%'!d #! % e t% ee &hethe"+ene"#ti%n i t#3in+ $!#ce *"%m di6e"ent$"%d'ce" in 'ch # ( th#t it i !e#din+ t%%$tim'm 'ti!i #ti%n %* di6e"ent %'"ce %* ene"+(.

T/e importance of t/e electricit0 Act 1**23


87/88

'#

D". %+ R#5 S%%dM% i!e7 09 180-J8J0JPh%ne7

019 - J J O/ce Re .

019 - J J=#)7 019 - 8Em#i!7 (" %%d +m#i!.c%m
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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7ational 8onference

Decem4er 156 1 7 1**8

We Site7 &&&."#ee 008.&%"d$"e .c%m

E-m#i!7 "#ee 008nith +m#i!.c%m
http://www.raee2008.wordpress.com/http://www.raee2008.wordpress.com/

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Power sector moving towards deregulation