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7/31/2019 Power Sector Challenges & Growth
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Power sector challenges & growth
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IntroductionThe power sector in India has undergone significant progress after
Independence. In 1947, the country had a power generating capacity
of 1,362 MW. Hydro power and coal based thermal power have been
the main sources of generating electricity. Generation and
distribution of electrical power was carried out primarily by private
utility companies.
After independence, the sector came under the purview of State and
Central government bodies and SEBs were formed in all the states
under the provisions by The Electricity(Supply) Act, 1948.
Subsequently, NTPC, NHPC, PGCIL etc. were also formed to assist thegovernment to meet the increasing demands of electricity.
The balance of payment crisis of 90s and LPG (liberalization,
privatization and, globalization) invited the private players in the
industry to promote competition and efficiency.
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Schematic of the Indian Power Sector Pre -1991
Ministry of PowerGovt. of India
Planning Commission(Planning)
Central Electricity Authority(Technical Analysis and approval of Projects)
State Electricity Boards State(Ministry of Power)
Public Sector Corporations
NTPC
NHPC
PGCL
PFC
REC
Single arrow means ----> flow of command, ===Double arrow meansflow of information, finance or electricity
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Regulation Generation Transmission Distribution
MoP regulated
generation and
transmission
and tariffs
CEA regulated
clearances forgeneration and
transmission
infrastructure
State
Governmentregulated
SEB/Licensee
tariffs and
provided IPP
approvals
NTPCNHPC
PGCIL
State Electricity
Boards
State Electricity
Boards
State
Electricity
Boards
Owned and
operated bulk
of distribution
Pvt. Licensees Pvt. Licensees Pvt. Licensees Privateowner
ship
Publ
ic
own
ersh
ip
Industry Structure Pre Electricity Act 2003
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Plan
Regulations
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
System Operators
Trading
Appeal
Policy
CentreMinistry of Power
CEA
CERC
CGS, Mega Power Projects
CTU Transmission Licensee
NLDC RLDC
Trading Licensee
Appellate Tribunal
State Government
SERC
GENCOS IPP
Private
generationdistributioncompanies
STU TransmissionLicensee
SLDC
DistributionLicensee
Trading Licensee
State
Evolving Industry Structure
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Power sector scenario
66%
3%
19%
12%
Source of Generation
Thermal Nuclear Hydro R.E.S.
85%
14% 1%
Thermal Generation fuel
wise
Coal
Gas
Oil
Renewable Energy Sources(RES) include SHP, BG, BP, U&I and Wind Energy
SHP= Small Hydro Project ,BG= Biomass Gasifier ,BP= Biomass Power,
U & I=Urban & Industrial Waste Power, RES=Renewable Energy Sources
As on 30-04-2012
Source: CEA
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Installed capacity scenario region-wise
in MWs
Northern, 54585
Western, 64894
Southern,
52739
Eastern , 26885
North Eastern,
2455
Islands, 76
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Total Installed capacity
Sector MW %
State Sector 85,918 42.61
Central Sector 60,182 29.84
Private 55,535 27.54
Total 2,01,637 99.99
85,918
43%
60,182
30%
55,535
27% State
Central
Private
As on 30-04-2012
Source: CEA
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Rural electrification as on 30-03-2012
Source: CEA
1. Total No. of Villages 5,93,732
2. No. of villages Electrified 5,56,633
3. % of Villages Electrified 93.8%
4. Potential of Energ. of Pumps 1,95,94,000
5. No. of Pump sets Energised 1,81,78,136
6. % of Pump sets Energised 92.8%
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All India Annual per Capita consumption of Electricity(As per U. N. methodology)
source: CEA
592 612.5631.5
671.9717.1 734.5
779
0100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010
Per Capita Consumption (kWh)
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Problems confronting the power sector
Inadequate generation capacity.
Lack of optimum utilization of existing generation capacity.
Environmental factors and delay in environmental clearances.
Inadequate IRTS links.
Large scaled theft and skewed tariff structure. Inefficient use of electricity by the end consumer.
Low pace of rural electrification.
Political interferences in nuclear power.
Government giveaways such as free electricity for farmers have
depleted the cash reserves of state-run electricity-distribution
system.
Shortages of fuel.
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The giant new offshore natural gas field has delivered less fuel than
projected. India faces a shortage of natural gas. Average transmission, distribution and consumer-level losses
exceeding 30%.
Countrys coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power
plants are inefficient and run at low PLF. Lack of clean and reliable energy sources .
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Generation
Power generation in India is largely dependent on coal, natural gas,
hydroelectric power generation.
Non conventional energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal etc.
contribute little in the total power generation.
Captive power plants are mainly diesel or gas based because of their
lower gestation period and starting time.
Inadequacy of generation has characterized power sector operation in
India. To provide availability of over 1000 units of per capita
electricity by year 2012 it had been estimated that need based
capacity addition of more than 1,00,000 MW would be required
during the period 2002-12.
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CoalAs a result of exploration carried out up to the maximum depth of 1200m by the GSI,
CMPDI, SCCL and MECL etc, a cumulative total of 285862.21 Million Tonnes ofGeological Resources of Coal have so far been estimated in the country as on
1.4.2011.
(A) : GONDWANA COALFIELDS :-
Geological sources of Coal
Proved Indicated Inferred Total
1,13,407 1,37,371 33,590 2,84,369
(B) : TERTIARY COALFIELDS :-
Geological sources of CoalProved Indicated Inferred
(Exploration)
Inferred
(Mapping)
Total
593 99.34 49.57 749.92 1492.64
Source: Geological survey of India
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TYPE AND CATEGORY-WISE COAL RESOURCES OF INDIA
The Type and Category-wise coal resources of India as on 1.4.2011 are given in table below :-
(in million tonnes)
source: GSIType of Coal Proved Indicated Inferred Total
Coking
1. Prime Coking 4,614 6,98 0 5,313
2. Medium Coking 2,572 12,001 1,880 26,454
3. Semi Coking 4,82 1,003 2,21 1,707Sub-Total Coking 17,669 13,703 2,101 33,474
Non-Coking 95,738 12,368 31,488 2,50,895
Tertiary Coal 5,93.81 99.34 7,99.49* 1,492
Grand Total 1,14,001.60 1,37,471.10 34,389.51 2,85,862.21
* Includes 749.92 M.T. of Inferred resources established through mapping in North-Easternregion.
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Trends in Production of Coal
source: www.mospi.gov.in
Year Coal(million tonnes)
Installed Capacity
(in MW)
2005-06 4,07 1,24,287
2006-07 4,57 1,32,329
2007-08 4,57 1,43,061
2008-09 4,92 1,47,965
2009-10 5,32 1,59,398
2010-11 5,32 1,73,626
Growth rate of 2010-11 over
2009-10(%)0.12 8.93
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Coal production by CIL
Sector Apr10-Dec10 Apr09-Dec09 % growth
Power ( Utility )* 220.99 217.88 1.43
Power( Captive) 24.55 23.97 2.42
Power ( Utility & CPPs) 245.54 241.85 1.53
Domestic coal based power plants, which accounts for 70% of total
requirement of coal of the country, have lost generation due to shortage
of fuel on account of constrained supply by CIL.
Source: www.coal.nic.in
FY Actual Production in million tonne Growth %
2009-10 431.26 -
2010-11 431.32 .013%
2011-12 435.84 1%
2012-13 (projected) 470
Coal dispatch to power sector by CIL
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All India Coal Consumption for Power Generation (Utilities)
253 263 278 280302 330
355 367 387415
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-11 2011-12
Coal consumption in Million Tonne
Coal consumption in Million Tonne
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Constrained supply of coal by CIL
The output of the Maharatna firm remained stagnant for the last two
years which is often attributed to lack of forest and environment
clearances.
In FY 2010-2011, its production was 431 million tonne.
CIL produces 436 mt currently and plans to enhance this capacity to 464
mt by the end of the FY 2012-13. It has also earmarked a supply of
347 mt for the power sector.
Shortage of coal and gas had caused a power generation loss to the tune
of 9 billion units and 11 billion units, respectively, during FY 2011-12.
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Plant Load Factor trend showing the inefficiency of the
power plants
72.7
74.8
73.6
76.8
78.6
77.277.48
75.07
72.81
6970
71
72
73
74
7576
77
78
79
80
PLF
PLF
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Environmental issuessource:http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_coal-mining-centre-dumps-go-no-go-dubs-it-illegal_1589631
Two years ago govt. had divided coal mining zones into go and no-go a move thatstalled almost every big-ticket coal mining project in India the government isscrapping the policy.
According to Planning Commission data, the power sector alone was losing potential
production of 143,000 MW of power due to the MoEF policy.
THE NO-GO GHOST IN NUMBERS
Total coal bearing area in India (sq km) 17,300Total geological coal reserve (BT) 2,77
Coal bearing area out of total forest area(%) 0.16
Power need met by coal (%) 70
Total no of coal blocks in India 6,02
No of blocks identified in No-Go 2,03Spread over in area(sq km) 3,039
Annual production potential (MT) 6,60
Equivalent power generation capacity (MW) 1,30,000
Source: Coal ministry
E i t l i i NEP
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Environmental issues in NEP
Environmental concerns would be suitably addressed through appropriate
advance action by way of comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment
and implementation of Environment Action Plan (EAP). Steps would be taken for coordinating the efforts for streamlining the
procedures in regard to grant of environmental clearances including setting
up of Land Bank and Forest Bank.
Appropriate catchment area treatment for hydro projects would also be
ensured and monitored.
Setting up of coal washeries will be encouraged. Suitable steps would also
be taken so that utilization of fly ash is ensured as per environmental
guidelines.
Setting up of municipal solid waste energy projects in urban areas andrecovery of energy from industrial effluents will also be encouraged with a
view to reducing environmental pollution apart from generating additional
energy.
Full compliance with prescribed environmental norms and standards must
be achieved in operations of all generating plants.
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Natural Gas
India has total reserves (proved & indicated) of 757 million metric
tonnes of crude oil and1241 billion cubic metres of natural gas as on
1.4.2011.
Gross Production of Natural Gas in the country at 52.22 billion cubic
metres during 2010-11 is 9.95% higher than the production of 47.50
billion cubic metres during 2009-10.
The installed capacity of gas based power stations as on 30-04-2012 is
18381.05 MW, accounting for around 10 % of the total installed
capacity .
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Gas supply constraintssource:http://business-standard.com/india/news/no-new-gas-based-power-plant-to-be-settill-2015-16-cea/161405/on
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has said no new gas-based powerplants will be set up in the country till 2015-16, as the natural gas
output is expected to fall considerably.
As per Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas reports India's natural gas
production is likely to fall by 35 per cent to 27.64 million metric
standard cubic metre per day (mmscmd) in the next fiscal and may
further dip by another 12 per cent to 24.22 mmscmd in 2013-14.
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Hydroelectric Power Generation
India is 6th largest generator of hydroelectric power with an installed
capacity of 39 GW.
India is endowed with economically exploitable and viable hydro
potential assessed to be about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor. In
addition, 6780 MW in terms of installed capacity from Small, Mini,and Micro Hydel schemes have been assessed. Also, 56 sites for
pumped storage schemes with an aggregate installed capacity of
94,000 MW have been identified. It is the most widely used form of
renewable energy. India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-
potential on global scenario.
Constraints in hydro power plants
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Constraints in hydro power plantsHydel power projects are risky on the basis of following factors:
political and environmental protests,
delay / cancellation of environmental clearances,
delays in land acquisition,
poor infrastructure,
tunnelling delays,
geological surprises,
contractual and procurement issues,
shortage of skilled man power,
difficulties in evacuation of power, etc.
Another constraint in hydel power project is hydrology. The Himalayan
glaciers are more susceptible to non linear changes to climate. Hence,
past data of hydrology cant be reliable.
Hydroelectric power projects in India's mountainous north and northeast
regions have been slowed down by ecological, environmental and
rehabilitation controversies, coupled with public interest litigations.
Nuclear Energy
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Nuclear EnergyNuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after
thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of energy.
As of April 2012, India has 20 nuclear reactors in operation in six nuclear
power plants, generating 4,780 MW while seven other reactors are
under construction and are expected to generate an additional
5,300 MW.
India's domestic uranium reserves are small and the country is
dependent on uranium imports to fuel its nuclear power industry.Since early 1990s, Russia has been a major supplier of nuclear fuel to
India. Due to dwindling domestic uranium reserves, electricity
generation from nuclear power in India declined by 12.83% from
2006 to 2008.Following a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group in September
2008 which allowed it to commence international nuclear trade, India
has signed bilateral deals on civilian nuclear energy technology
cooperation with several other countries including UK, USA, Canadaetc.
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Nuclear Power constraints
Dependency on other nations for fuel.
Political activism after fukushima disaster.
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Transmission & Distribution
The electrical power generated in the power stations reaches the end
user through complex transmission networks, which comprises oftransformers, overhead lines, cables and other equipments which
facilitates the transmission of electricity.
The amount of energy generated does not matches with the energydistributed and the energy billed. The reason behind this are the
losses in the transmission and distribution networks. This is known as
technical losses, which are difficult to eliminate completely. Apart
from this there are some commercial losses because of theft, errors
in metering etc.
The technical and commercial losses are called as Aggregate Technical
and Commercial (AT & C) loss collectively.
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Power losses trend
T & D Losses AT & C Losses
34.78 34.3333.02
30.6229.45
27.7427.15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
All India AT & C losses
32.5331.25
30.4228.65
27.225.47 25.39
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
All India T & D losses
Reasons for AT & C losses
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Reasons for AT & C losses
Technical Losses:
Overloading of existing lines and substation equipments
Absence of up gradation of old lines and equipments
Low HT: LT ratio
Poor repair and Maintenance of equipments
Non-installation of sufficient capacitors
Commercial Losses:
Low metering/billing/collection efficiency
Theft & pilferage and tampering of meters Low accountability of employees
Absence of Energy Accounting & Auditing
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Cost of power supply and realization
239254 260
276 293
341354
203 209221 227
239262 268
72.39 75.68 76.36 74.23 77.2785.26 89.05
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Average cost of power supply & average realization ( paise/kWh )Cost of supply (paise/unit) Including Agriculture Only Agriculture
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Rural electrification pace in India
source: CEA
2781 3884
12632
22594
5743 86293684
8072
No. of Villages Electrified in the year
Villages Electrified
Total inhabited villages as per 2001 census - 593015
Villages electrified as on 31-03-2011 - 546482
Energ efficienc
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Energy efficiency
S. No. Sector Consumption
(Billion KWh)
Saving Potential
(Billion KWh)
1. Agriculture Pumping 92.33 27.79
2. Commercial Buildings/
Establishments with
connected load > 500 KW
9.92 1.98
3. Municipalities 12.45 2.88
4. Domestic 120.92 24.16
5. Industry (Including SMEs) 265.38 18.57
Total 501.00 75.36
National Productivity Council (NPC), an autonomous organization under the Ministry of
Commerce, Government of India, was asked by BEE to undertake the study of energy saving
potential in all 35 states / UTs. The study focused only on estimation of the total electricity
consumption and saving potential in different sectors of each state / UT. The potential for
savings is about 15% of the electricity consumption. The sector wise aggregated potential at the
national level is as under:
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Strength and Opportunities in the power sector
Abundant Coal reserve- ranks 4th in production worldwide
Vast hydroelectric potential- ranks 7th in installed capacity worldwide
Large pool of skilled human resource
Impressive power development in absolute terms
Expertise in integrated and coordinated planning (CEA & MoP) Strong and globally competitive central utilities(NTPC,PGCIL,NHPC
etc.)
Evolving framework for private investments.
Well defined mechanism for dispute resolution (SERCs, CERCs,appellate tribunal etc.)
Political consensus on reforms.
One of the largest power market, potentially.
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Coal reserves in IndiaIndia has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world (approx. 285
billion tonnes).The top coal producing states are:
Orissa (76712 MT of total coal reserve)
Chhattisgarh (44483 MT of total coal reserve)
Jharkhand (65227 MT coal reserve)The other notable coal mining areas are
Singareni collieries in Khammam district, AP
Jharia mines in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand
Nagpur and Chandrapur district, Maharashtra
Raniganj in Brahman district, West Bengal
Nevyeli lignite mines in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu
Singrauli Coalfield and Umaria Coalfield in Madhya Pradesh
Hydroelectric potential in India
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Hydroelectric potential in IndiaThe country is blessed with immense potential for hydroelectric energy
and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro power. The assessed
potential basin wise is given as follows: source: NHPCRiver/Basin Probable Installed Capacity
Indus Basin 33,832
Ganga Basin 20,711
Central Indian River system 4,152
Western Flowing Rivers of southern India 9,430
Eastern Flowing Rivers of southern India 14,511
Brahmaputra Basin 66,065
Total 1,48,701
In addition, 56 number of pumped storage projects have also beenidentified with probable installed capacity of 94,000 MW. In addition to
this, hydro-potential from small, mini & micro schemes has been
estimated as 6,782 MW from 1,512 sites. Thus, in totality India is
endowed with hydro-potential of about 2,50,000 MW.
12th Pl Additi l M R i t
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12th Plan Additional Manpower Requirement
Sl.
No
Plan Capacity at
the
beginning
of
Plan
Capacity
addition
during
Plan*
Capacity
at the
end of
Plan
Manpow
er at the
beginning
of Plan
Reduced
Manpower
due to
retirement
etc.
Manpower
required for
Capacity
addition of
Plan
Manpower
at
the end
of Plan
Man/M
W
at the
end
of Plan
1. 11th 1,32,330 74,374 2,06,704 9,50 8,31 3,31 1,163 5.63
2. 12th 2,06,704 94,215 3,00,919 1,163 1,018 4,07 1,425 4.74
3. 13th 3,00,919 1,23,900 4,24,819 1,425 1,247 5,47 1,795 4.23
For a capacity addition of 94,215 MW(including renewable) in the 12th Plan, the additional
manpower requirement shall be of the order of 407 thousands out of which 312 thousands
will be technical and 94 thousands will be non-technical. The total manpower by the end of 12thPlan shall be 1425 thousands, out of which 1083 thousands (76%) will be technical and 341
thousands (24%) will be non-technical.
A summary of likely manpower at the end of 11th, 12th & 13th Plan is furnished in the following
table.
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ELECTRICITY GENERATION PERFORMANCE
Year Target Achievement % of target % growth
2007-08 710.0 704.5 99.2 6.3
2008-09 774.09 723.8 93.47 2.74
2009-10 789.511 771.551 97.73 6.6
2010-11 830.757 811.143 97.64 5.56
2011-12(up to Dec 2011
Tentative)639.029 653.446 102.26
9.23
The electricity generation target for the year 2011-2012 was fixed as 855 Billion Unit
(BU). i.e. growth of around 5.4% over actual generation of 811.143 for the previousyear (2010-2011). The generation during Dec, 2011 was 72.718 BU as compared to
67.328 BU generated during Dec 2010, representing a growth of about 8.02%.
Source: CEA
G th R t
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Growth RateThe growth rate of energy generation in the country since 2000-01 is given below:
Plan Year Generation (BU) Annual Growth(%) CAGR(%)
5.17
IX Plan 2001-02 515.3 3.1
X Plan 2002-03 531.6 3.2
2003-04 558.3 5.0
2004-05 587.4 5.2
2005-06 617.5 5.1
2006-07 662.5 7.3
XI Plan 2007-08 704.5 6.3
2008-09 723.8 6.3
2009-10 771.2 6.6
2010-11 811.1 5.55
* Generation during 2010-11 excludes generation from plants up to 25 MW Capacity.
Source: CEA
FDI i P S
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FDI in Power Sectorsource:http://dipp.nic.in/English/Publications/FDI_Statistics/FDI_Statistics.aspx
Power sector ranks 2nd in absolute terms and ranks 8th percentage wise
among highest FDI attracting sectors after service industry. The
following table shows the FDI in power sector in India.Amount in Rs. crores (US$ in million)
Sector 2010-11
(April-March)
2011-12
( April- March)
2012-13
( for April,
2012)
Cumulative
Inflows
(April 00-April12)
% age to total Inflows
(In terms of US$)
POWER 5,796
(1,272)
7,678
(1,652)
355
(68)
33,569
(7,367)
4 %
Power market scenario in India
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Power market scenario in India
Long term power market of about 90% till Jan, 2012. Short term power market size 9.93% by Jan, 2012.
FDI open in all sectors i.e. generation, transmission and, distribution.
About 1.6 billion $ FDI.
Two power exchanges (IEX & PXIL).
50 number of licensed traders.
Power market regulated by Power Market Regulations, 2010.
Opportunities in the Indian power sector
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Opportunities in the Indian power sector
Strong growth in generation capacity led by per capita consumption,
urbanization.
FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
109 110 118 119128
91 97103 104
114
Peak Demand (MW) Demand met(MW)
9.3
6.88 8.5 7.6
6.3
2.7
6.6 5.6 6.9
FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
Chart TitleGDP growth Rate (%) Electricity Growth rate
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Alternative source of energy
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2009-10
Growth%
2004-2010 CAGR
%
1.3 2.7 3.8 5.1 4.1 3.0 3.8 25 19
TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT 2011 DATA TABLE. $BN
1.3
2.7
3.8
5.1
4.1
3
3.8
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Renewable Energy Investment
Investment in BN$
Source:Bloomberg New Energy Finance, UNEP
2009-10 growth rate 25%
CAGR 19 %
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Investment in clean technology
Opportunity in power evacuation
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Target for 12th five year plan - Power for all
Generation addition program
The total capacity addition requirement in the
country for 12th
Plan has been proposed as under: Total Capacity (excluding renewable) - 79,690 MW
Hydro - 9,204 MW
Nuclear - 2,800 MW
Thermal - 67,786 MW
Coal - 66,600 MW
Gas - 1,086 MW
Source: NEP, CEA
Power supply position in the country 2011 12
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Power supply position in the country 2011-12
Particulars Energy ( MU) Peak (MW)
Requirement 933741 136193
Availability 837374 118676
Surplus(+)/Shortage (-) -96367 -17517
Surplus(+)/Shortage(-) % -10.3% -12.9%
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Major power sector constraints for 9% growth rate
Indian Economy has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade
and to sustain a similar growth trajectory of 9%, power sector
needs to grow at atleast8.1 % per annum
Planning commission
Fuel shortage
Financing constraints
Poor financial health status of DISCOMs Poor cost reflective tariff structure
G th f t i i t i 6th fi l
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Growth of transmission sector since 6th five year plan
At the
end of
400 kV Transmission lines 220 kV Transmission lines
Central State Pvt. /JV Total Central State Pvt. /JV Total
6th Plan 1,831 4,198 6,029 1,641 44,364 46,005
7th Plan 13,068 6,756 19,824 4,560 55,071 59,631
8th Plan 23,001 13,141 36,142 6,564 73,036 79,600
9th Plan 29,345 20,033 49,378 8,687 88,306 96,993
10th Plan 48,708 24,730 2,284 75,722 9,444 1,05,185 1,14,629
11th Plan 75,889 31,873 5,605 1,13,367 10,387 1,28,947 8,30 1,40,164
12th Plan
Up toApril 12
76,384 31,873 5,605 1,13,862 10,393 1,29,078 8,30 1,40,301
A. Transmission Lines in circuit kilometers
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At the
end of
400kV substations 220 kV substations
Central State Pvt./ JV Total Central State Pvt./ JV Total
6th Plan 7,15 8,615 9,330 5,00 36,791 37,291
7th Plan 6,760 14,820 21,580 1,881 51,861 53,742
8th Plan 17,340 23,525 40,865 2,566 81,611 84,177
9th Plan 23,575 36,805 60,380 2,866 1,13,497 1,16,363
10th Plan 40,455 52,487 92,942 4,276 1,52,221 1,56,497
11th Plan 77,225 73,172 6,30 1,51,027 6,436 2,15,771 1,567 2,23,774
12th Plan
Up to
April 12
77,225 73,487 6,30 1,51,342 6,436 2,17,936 1,567 2,25,939
B. Sub-Station (MVA)
Growth of transmission sector as on 30 04 2012
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Growth of transmission sector as on 30-04-2012
Central Sector State Sector Private Sector Total
Transmission Lines in (ckm.)
765kV 5319 411 - 5730
400kV 76384 31873 5605 113862
220kV 10393 129078 830 140301
+/- 500 kV HVDC
Lines (ckm)
5948 1504 1980 9432
Sub-stations (MVA)
765kV 24000 1000 25000
400kV 77225 73487 630 151342
220kV 6436 217936 1567 225939
+/- 500 kV HVDC - - - -
source: CEA