Power Quality in Isolated Systems, Requirements and ... · IEC 60092-101:1995Electrical installations in ships Part 101: Definitions and general requirements STANAG 1008Characteristics

© 2007 PRS S.A.

Power Quality in Isolated Systems,

Requirements and Examples Analysis.

Janusz MINDYKOWSKI, Mariusz SZWEDA,

Gdynia Maritime Academy

Daniel CZARKOWSKI, Edward SZMIT,

Polish Register of Shipping,

Marek OLESZ,

GdańskUniversity of Technology

© 2007 PRS S.A., Daniel Czarkowski 2/21

Overview

PRS activities

Power quality standardsShips

Industry

Instrumentation

Examples of isolated systems:ORP Kontradmirał X. Czernicki

e-m/v IMOR

m/s Wawel

UPS

What influence on poor electric quality?

Effects of poor quality of electric power

How to increase power quality?


Polish Register of Shipping

Classification society, activities:

Type Approval Tests

Surveys on new-built ships

Surveys on existing ships

Annual Survey

Intermediate Survey

Class renewal survey

Surveys based on Rules for the Classification

More details on www.prs.pl


Considered Requirements

Ships

IEC 60092-101:1995 Electrical installations in ships Part 101: Definitions and general requirements

STANAG 1008 Characteristics of Shipboard Electrical Power Systems in Warships of the North Atlantic Treaty Navies

Publication 25/P, Technical requirements for shipboard power electronic systems, 2006, Polski Rejestr Statków S.A

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Ships, Part VIII, Electrical Equipment and Automation, PRS S.A. Gdańsk 2002.

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Navy Ships, Part VIII, Electrical Equipment and Automation, Ministry of National Defense, Warsaw 2006.

Industry

EN 50160:2002, Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems

IEC 61000-2-4:2003, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-4: Environment - Compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances


Power quality based on requirementsShips Industry

60092-101 STANAG 1008 EN 50160 61000-2-4

Steady-state voltage deviations +6%, -10% ±5% (±6%) ±10% ±10%

Phase to phase voltage

unbalance (continuous) 3% 2% 2% 2%

Voltage momentary deviation ±20% ±16% (±20%) ±40% ±90%

Voltage transients recovery time 1,5 s 2 s 1s 3s

THD 5% 5% 8% 8%

A single distortion even s.h. up to 1%

(any harmonic greater than) 3% 3% odd s.h. up to 6%

Steady-state frequency deviations ±5% ±3% ±2% ±4%

Frequency momentary deviations ±10% ±4% (±5,5% ) ±15% agreed

Frequency transients recovery time 5 s 2 s not specified 2 s


Power distribution

Requirements given in our Rules

Active load distribution 15%

Reactive load distribution 10%

Current distribution 15%

New Rules for the classification ofNavy Ships!


Instrumentation

Software LabViewsampling frequency 10kHz / 150kHz

Off-line data analysis in MathCADvoltage deviations

frequency deviations

voltage asymmetry

THD, 5th and 25th harmonic distortion

Measurements were carried out in accordance with:IEC 61000-4-7:2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-7: Testing and measurement techniques - General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto

IEC 61000-4-30 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques - Power quality measurement methods


Examples of Isolated network

m/s Wawel

ORP Kontradmirał X. Czernicki

e-m/v IMOR

Uninterruptible Power Supply



Warship without significant non-linear consumers

350

360

370

380

390

400

0

45,9

91,5

137

183

229

274

320

365

411

457

502

548

594

639

685

t [ s ]

U [

V]

Voltage deviation ±5%



voltage asymmetry and THD within permissible limits

CVA<2%

THD<5%

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0

37,6

75,1

113

150

187

225

262

300

337

375

412

449

487

524

562

599

t [s]

Cva [%]

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2

0,0 4,0 8,0 12,0 16,0 20,0 23,9

t [ s ]

TH

D [

%]



0

40

80

120

160

200

0,2 7,8 15,4 23 30,6 38,2 45,8 53,4

t [s]

PG

1 &

PG

2 [k

W]

Permissible active load distribution15 %

Active power changes during coming into port

It was recommended to check engine governors


IMOR, power network

Main sources of powerG1, 425 kVA

G2, 425 kVA

G3, 200 kVA

PropellersMPS, 315 kW

MSB, 315 kW

APA, 72 kW

ASB, 72 kW

PWM converters, type CXI made by Vacon

Increasing reliability by dividing main busbar!

G 1 G 2 G 3

M P S M S BA S BA P S

M S 1 M S 2Q


IMOR, curves

397

397,5

398

398,5

399

399,5

400

400,5

401

0 100 200 300 400t [s ]

U [V]

49,8

50

50,2

50,4

50,6

50,8

51

0 100 200 300 400t [s ]

f [Hz]]

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

t [s ]

Cva [%]

accessible parameters!

0

200

400

600

800

u(t)

[V]

t[ms]


IMOR, 3.5 kHz [%]

•Switching frequency of the aft drives converters, 3.5 kHz

•A single distortion more than 3%!

•It was recommended to install marine RFI filters

0

2

4

6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

czas [m in.]

zaw

arto

œæ

3463

Hz

[%]

Contents 3463 Hz [%]

t [min.]


m/s Wawel

ferry with 6,5 kV and 60 Hz network

voltage momentary deviation, 23%!

permissible acc. to IEC 60092-101 ±20% acc. to STANAG 1008 ±16% (±20%)

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

0 9,64

t1 a)

Urms(1/2) [V]

t2 t3

t [s]

60

60, 5

61

61, 5

62

62 , 5

63

t [s] 0 9, 64

b)

[Hz]

©2007 P

RS

S.A

., Daniel C

zarkowski

16/21

UPS, 120 kVA

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

03.04 11:55

03.04 18:25

04.04 00:55

04.04 07:25

04.04 13:55

04.04 20:25

05.04 02:55

05.04 09:25

05.04 15:55

05.04 22:25

06.04 04:55

06.04 11:25

06.04 17:55

07.04 00:25

07.04 06:55

07.04 13:25

07.04 19:55

08.04 02:25

08.04 08:55

08.04 15:25

08.04 21:55

09.04 04:25

09.04 10:55

09.04 17:25

09.04 23:55

10.04 06:25

10.04 12:55

10.04 19:25

11.04 01:55

11.04 08:25

V1 [V]

V1 [V] M

in

V1 [V] Avg

V1 [V] M

ax

0

0,5 1

1,5 2

2,5 3

3,5 4

03.04 11:55

03.04 18:25

04.04 00:55

04.04 07:25

04.04 13:55

04.04 20:25

05.04 02:55

05.04 09:25

05.04 15:55

05.04 22:25

06.04 04:55

06.04 11:25

06.04 17:55

07.04 00:25

07.04 06:55

07.04 13:25

07.04 19:55

08.04 02:25

08.04 08:55

08.04 15:25

08.04 21:55

09.04 04:25

09.04 10:55

09.04 17:25

09.04 23:55

10.04 06:25

10.04 12:55

10.04 19:25

11.04 01:55

11.04 08:25

THDV1 [%]

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

V1[V]

thdV1 [%

] Avg

thdV1 [%

] Max

V1 [V] Avg

Within lim

its!


Consumers such as:main propeller,

bow/aft thrusters,

converters.

During ship’s service, at least every 5 years, parameter measurements should be performed (including harmonic distortions) in the case whenThe rated power of biggest of power electronic systems exceeds 50% rated power of one of generating-sets supplying it or

Total power of all installed power electronic systems exceeds 30% rated power of ship’s electric plant.

What influence on poor electric quality ?

nonlinear devices!


An Example

Motor supplied by voltage with parametersVoltage, U=377 V

Frequency, f=51.85 Hz

THD, 12.45%

11°C additional temperature increase

For insulation F class additional increase 9.3 °C could

shorten insulation life time two times.

[5] P. Gnaciński, J. Mindykowski, T. Tarasiuk, Thermal Phenomena in Electric Machines in the Wake of Electric Power Quality in Ships’ Networks.

8th International Conference „Electrical Power Quality and Utilization”,Cracow 2005


Results of poor power quality

Sources of electric power:

overheating insulation, coils, which result in aging of electrical insulation materials and damage of bearings.

Consumers:

overheating of stator and rotor of electric motors,

hazard of bearings damage depends on overheating rotor,

increased temperature of insulation and in fact, faster aging,

not intended deenergizing switches, distortions of equipment installed on board such as navigation equipment, personal computers, as well as in industry.

Electrical network:

both, ship network as well as industry network, are exposed to cables overheating due to resonance phenomena,

reduced current-carrying capacities in wiring system due to „skin effect”,

overheating and faster aging of transformers.


Way from disturbances to a shipwreck

Failure

Disturbances

Malfunction

Risk of shipwreck

Economicloses

Threat to environmentand health


How to increase power quality?

Measurements:

Publication no 25/P, Technical requirements for shipboard power electronic systems, 2006.

Publication 11/P, Environmental Tests on Marine Equipment, 2002.

Publication 75/P, Environmental Tests on Naval Ships Equipment, 2006.

After measurements applying:

Active filters,

Passive filters.

New Requirements given in Publication no 25/P


Summary

Electric power quality on IMOR was worse in comparison with (Czernicki, Wawel)

Reports and publications:Technical Report no 48, Power quality on a selected ship, Gdańsk 2004,

Technical Report no 51, Power quality on motor ship „IMOR”, Gdańsk 2006,

Publication no 25, Technical Requirements for shipboard power electronic systems, Gdańsk 2006.

Action taken:PRS introduced obligatory power measurements


Thank you for your attention!

[email protected]

www.prs.pl

Documents

Power Quality in Isolated Systems, Requirements and ... · IEC 60092-101:1995Electrical installations in ships Part 101: Definitions and general requirements STANAG 1008Characteristics