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Chemistryform 4- chapter 8
salt
Pn Khoo Sioh Gee
SOLUBILITY OF SALT IN WATER
Type of Salt Solubility in Water
Sodium SaltPotassium SaltAmmonium Salt
All Soluble
Nitrate Salt All Soluble
Chloride Salt All soluble except Lead(II) chloride, Silver Chloride, and Mercury(I) chloride.
(Lead(II) Chloride soluble in hot water but in cold water.)
Sulphate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) sulphate and Barium sulphate, while Calcium sulphate is soluble partially.
Carbonate Salt All insoluble except Sodium Carbonate, Potassium carbonate, and Ammonium Carbonate.
Oxide All insoluble except Potassium oxide and Sodium oxide, while Calcium oxide soluble a little.
Hydroxide All insoluble except Potassium hydroxide, and Sodium hydroxide while Calcium hydroxide soluble a little.
Cation Nitrate, NO3- Chloride, Cl- Sulphate, SO4
2- Carbonate, CO32-
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Al3+
Zn2+
Fe2+
Sn2+
Pb2+
Cu2+
Ag+
NH4+
Test for Cation : With NaOH solution
Cation
NaOH(aq) solution
Some NaOH(aq)
No precipitate
White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate
Soluble and Colourless Precipitate
Insoluble Precipitate
Heat
NH4+
With precipitate
Concentrated HCL Drops
Precipitate
Green Brown Blue
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+
Insoluble Precipitate
Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+
Mg2+ Ca2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+
Test for Cation: With Ammonia Solution
Cation
NH3(aq) Solution
Some NH3(aq)
No Precipitate
White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate
Soluble and Colourless Precipitate
Insoluble Precipitate
NH4+, Ca2+
Precipitate
Precipitate
Green Brown Blue
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+
Soluble Precipitate
Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+
Mg2+ Pb2+ Al2+ Zn2+ Insoluble Precipitate
Test for Anion
Anion X
1. Add in diluteNitric acid.
2. Add in Argentumnitrrate.
White precipitatesoluble in excessAmmonia.
Cl- ion present
Test for Anion
1. Add in dilute HCL until excess.
2. Add in BaCl2
1. Add in FeSO4 2. A few drops of
concentrated H2SO4
1. Add in dilute HCl
2. Produced gas is being transferred to lime water.
White precipitateIs formed.
Brown ringLime Water turnsMilky/cloudy/chalky.
SO42- ion
presentNO3
- ion present.CO3
2- ion present.
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