Power Point Lit. Short Story

8/2/2019 Power Point Lit. Short Story

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Short Story Elements

What parts make up a story?


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Story Terms

Plot

Setting

Characters

Point of View

Theme


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Plot

Plot is what happens and how

it happens in a narrative. Anarrative is any work that tells

a story, such as a short story, a

novel, a drama, or a narrativepoem.


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Parts of a Plot

Expositionevent that gives rise to conflict

(opening situation)

Rising Action- events that complicate or

intensify the central conflict (rising action)

Climax- highest point of interest or

emotional involvement in the story

Falling Action- logical result of Climax

Resolution- Final outcome of the story


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Conflict

Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces

Every plot must contain some kind of conflict

Stories can have more than one conflict

Conflicts can be external or internal

External conflict- outside force may be person,

group, animal, nature, or a nonhuman obstacle

Internal conflict- takes place in a characters mind


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Diagram of Plot

ConflictExposition

Climax (often called the Turning Point)

Resolution


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Special Techniques of Plot

Suspense- excitement or tension

Foreshadowing- hint or clue about what will

happen in storyFlashback- interrupts the normal sequence

of events to tell about something that

happened in the pastSurprise Ending- conclusion that reader

does not expect (use of irony)


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Setting

Details that describe:

Furniture

Scenery

Customs

Transportation

Clothing

Dialects

Weather

Time of day

Time of year

Time and place are where the action occurs


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Elements of a Setting

Setting

Place

Atmosphere

Time

History

EraLife

Mood

Weather

Feelings

Word

Choice

Location

Physical

Day

Use as activator to activate prior know ledge. Write

the web on the board or overhead and students

create one at their seats. Then as class share and fill

in.


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The Functions of a Setting

To create a mood oratmosphere

To show a reader a

different way of life

To make action seemmore real

To be the source of

conflict or struggle

To symbolize an idea

We left the home place behind, mileby slow mile, heading for the mountains,across the prairie where the wind blewforever.

At first there were four of us withone horse wagon and its skimpy load. Pa

and I walked, because I was a big boy ofeleven. My two little sisters romped andtrotted until they got tired and had to beboosted up to the wagon bed.

That was no covered Conestoga, likePas folks came West in, but just an old

farm wagon, drawn by one weary horse,creaking and rumbling westward to themountains, toward the little woods townwhere Pa thought he had an old uncle whoowned a little two-bit sawmill.

Taken from The Day the Sun Came Out by D. Johnson


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Types of Characters

People or animals

Major charactersMinor characters

Round charactersFlat characters


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Elements of Character

Character

Main

Flat

Minor

Not Fully

Developed

FriendsRelativesFully

Developed

Protagonist

AntagonistCo-Main

Enemy

Others

Round

Flat


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Characterization

A writer reveals what a character is like andhow the character changes throughout the

story.Two primary methods of characterization:

Direct- writer tells what the character is like

Indirect- writer shows what a character is likeby describing what the character looks like, bytelling what the character says and does, and bywhat other characters say about and do in

response to the character.


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Direct Characterization

And I dont play the dozens or believe

in standing around with somebody in my face

doing a lot of talking. I much rather just

knock you down and take my chances even if

Im a little girl with skinny arms and a

squeaky voice, which is how I got the name

Squeaky.

From Raymonds Run by T. Bambara


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Indirect Characterization

The old man bowed to all of us

in the room. Then he removed hishat and gloves, slowly and carefully.

Chaplin once did that in a picture, in

a bank--he was the janitor.

From Gentleman of Rio en Medio by J. Sedillo


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Characterization

A writer reveals what a character is like andhow the character changes throughout the

story.Two primary types of character:

Flat- reveals only one or two traits.

Round- reveals varied and sometimescontradictory traits.


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Factors in Analyzing Characters

Physical appearance of character

Personality

Background/personal history

Motivation

Relationships

Conflict

Does character change?


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Theme

A central message, concern, or insightinto life expressed through a literarywork

Can be expressed by one or twosentence statement about human beingsor about life

May be stated directly or implied

Interpretation uncovers the theme


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Example of Theme

Every man needs to feel allegiance to

his native country, whether he always

appreciates that country or not.

From A Man Without a Country by Edward Halepg. 185 in Prentice Hall Literature book

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Power Point Lit. Short Story