Power Plant capacity - 2,49,488 MW

1950

2014

183 fold increase

Electricity generation - 959 BU

1950

2014

235 fold increase

Transmission lines - 2,86,500 ckmPOWER MAP OF INDIA

POWERGRID LINES BY 2011-12

Indian Power Sector

Increase in Voltage Level

400 kV

1977 1990 2000 2014 2015/16

765kV AC

±800 kV HVDC 1200kV UHVAC

±500 kV HVDC

• Generation resources located in few pockets

Hydro potential in NER and upper part of NR

Coal reserves mainly in Central India

Large coast line – imported coal based projects (AP, TN & Gujarat)

•

• Transmission of power is economical

• Renewables (solar, wind etc.) like hydro resources can not be transported

Necessitate establishment of large nos. long distance lines

Energy Resource Map

4

Transmission Domain in Indian Context

Inter-State Transmission System

Transmission – A Vital link between Generation and Load

Intra-State Transmission System

POWERGRID

Private Transmission Licensee

Present Transmission Network

• POWERGRID -1,08,000 ckm; STUs Network -1,70,000 ckm; Private/JV-8,500 ckm

State Transco

Private Licensee

ONE NationGridFrequency

POWERGRID Overview

A ‘NAVRATNA’ ENTERPRISE

CENTRAL TRANSMISSION

UTILITY

LISTED COMPANY since

2007

GOVT. SHAREHOLDING

57.90%

World Class, Integrated, Global Transmission Company With Dominant Leadership in Emerging Power Markets Ensuring Reliability, Safety and Economy

Vision

Tr. Lines (as on 30 Jun-2014)

108,276 ckm

Availability 99.92%

S/S & MVA (as on 30 Jun-2014)

186 S/S

209,274 MVA

(*)- Based on 30.06.14 Closing Price of 139.20 on NSE

5

POWERGRID – Central Transmission Utility

6

Role as CTU

• To undertake transmission of electricity through inter-State Trans. System (ISTS)

• To discharge all functions of planning and coordination relating to ISTS

• To ensure development of an efficient, co-ordinated and economical system of ISTS lines for smooth flow of electricity from Generating Stations to the load centres

• To provide non-discriminatory open access to its transmission system

Transmission Addition

8th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan (envisaged)0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

3792146138

59074

108000

CAGR : 9.05 %

Ckm

ONE NationGridFrequency

8

Central Grid

S

W

N

E

NE

NEW* Grid

SouthGridOctober 1991

East & North-East synchronized

March 2003West synchronized

With East & North-East

August 2006North synchronized

with Central Grid

Dec’2013South

synchronized with

NEW Grid

Five Regional GridsFive Frequencies

One NationOne Grid

One Frequency

Existing I-R Capacity

38,550MW

National Grid - Evolution

Transmission Growth

XI PLAN START

XI PLAN END

XII PLAN ADDITION

XI IPLAN END

ER-NR 3430 12130 5800 17930

ER-WR 1790 4390 8400 12790

ER-SR 3130 3630 0 3630

ER-NER 1260 1260 1600 2860

WR-NR 2120 4220 12700 16920

WR-SR 1720 1720 6400 7920

NER-NR 0 0 6000 6000

132kV 600 600 0 600

TOTAL 14050 27750 40300 68050Inte

r-Re

gion

al T

rans

. Cap

acity

(MW

)

National Grid – Present and Envisaged

Planned IR Capacity: 68,050 MW

6000MW HVDC

2500 MW HVDC

Transmission System – As of Today

• Strong back bone of 400 kV – Overlay of 765 kV & high capacity HVDC under Implementation

• All India synchronous grid – One of the largest in the World

• Under new concept of planning, 10 nos. of high capacity corridors evolved - to reduce the dependency on a particular generation

• These corridors shall facilitate about 40,000MW power transfer

• No congestion in LTA, Congestion only in STOA & MTOA : Total congestion in 2013-14, about 5.6 BU (0.6%) as against annual generation of about 950 BU

Transmission Planning - Consideration

11

• It is directional and to be known in advance.

• System to be planned for peak power transfer

• (N-1-1/G-1-1) reliability criteria

• Conservation of Right of Way

• To fit into long term perspective

• The transmission system should have enough ‘controllability’ features (in addition to wires)

Earlier• Generation is licensed• Regional self sufficiency

with limited inter-regional allocation

• Predictable Transmission

Change in Paradigm

Now• De-licensed/Uncertainty in

generation• Connectivity to Generators

without PPA/Direction• Open access across the

nation• Long term Access on Target

Region• Economic despatch of

generation

Challenges

1. Co-ordinated development of Transmission and Generation• Uncertainty in generation

Delay in implementation, change in destination, Fuel Shortage, Cost/Economic Despatch of Generation

• Delay in transmission capacity addition (RoW, Forest) in some corridors may require longer gestation period.Severe RoW in Kerala, Karnataka, Western UP, West Bengal & Sikkim

• Delay due to regulatory issues for tariff based transmission projectsSuitable provision needs to be made to take undertake transmission

projects under long litigations.

2. Matching development of intra-state transmission & distribution• State transmission system not keeping pace to meet growing power

demand• Even though high capacity corridors are being constructed on target

allocation basis, down below network to be developed by states matching with PPA

Challenges

3. Integration of renewable energy resources• Low gestation period of renewable generation than transmission• Grid Stability and Security

4. Skewed power flow due to market forces• CLP Jhajjar (1320MW), Aravali, Jhajjar(1500MW), Kayankulam in Kerala, Gas projects

etc. planned as load centre based generation from stability point of view. On price consideration, they are not in operation putting extra burden on transmission.

5. Secured operation of large grid• Large Frequency Excursion• Wide variation of system parameters• Multiple tripping due to protection failure

6. Appropriate institutional and regulatory mechanism at state level• Generation, Transmission and Distribution at State level is under same holding

company• Conflict of interest prevents prudent actions towards safe and reliable grid

operation

Solution

1. Co-ordinated development of Transmission and Generation : Transmission to lead Generation• Long term Demand-Supply profile projection of each state for all time

horizon (generation addition in the state, load, requirement of import / export)

• Pre-defined Pocket-wise generation development plan to be firmed up for each plan with focused development

• Long term perspective plan (say 15 - 20 years) needs to be developed.• Transmission needs to start on the basis of above plan without waiting for

generation to materialize. This will also address issue on integration of RES.

2. Matching development of intra-state transmission and distribution• Intra-state transmission and distribution need to be planned beforehand at

least 5-7 years in advance for each state according to load profile projection alongwith planned inter-state transmission as well as capacity addition

• Innovative financing and institutional arrangement for implementation of intra-state transmission and distribution

Solution ….contd..

3. Secured operation of large grid• Implementation of Primary and Secondary response• Protection along with augmentation and upgradation.• Ancilliary services• Reliability Standards• Compliance to Grid Code and Standards

4. Skewed power flow due to market forces• Commercial mechanism for optimal generation from load centric generators (grid stability point of

view)

5. DISCOMs commercial viability

6. Suitable tariff mechanism along with security of payment: Need to be evolved like General Network Access so as to assure development and payment to the transmission licensee.

7. Appropriate institutional and regulatory mechanism• Strong regulatory measures at central/state level to ensure commercial viability and discipline.• Institutional development of STUs and proactive role of SERCs.• STUs /SLDCs need to be ring fenced from generation and distribution.

Thank You

ONE NationGridFrequency

Mumbai

Hyderabad

ChennaiBangalore

Thiruvananthapuram

Delhi

Jaipur

Ahmadabad

Bishwanath Chariali

Agra

Gwalior

Mumbai

Hyderabad

ChennaiBangalore

Thiruvananthapuram

Delhi

Jaipur

Ahmadabad

Bishwanath Chariali

Agra

Gwalior

Evolving Voltage Landscape

Transmission Addition

8th Plan 10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan (envisaged)0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

1193720000

35000

5500025984

26138

24074

53000

State Central

37921

46138

59074

55000 MW

Ckm

19000 MW 108000 MW

108000

• Slippage in NR, SR, ER & NER changed the load flow requirement. • ER & NER not in position to export to NR which was planned.• SR became importing region due to non-commissioning of projects (Actually

with Krishnapatnam UMPP, it envisaged to export)

S No RegionTarget for 11th plan Achieved during

11th plan Slippage

1 Northern 20,928 13,984 6,9442 Western 21,380 20,367 1,0133 Southern 14,920 9,241 5,6794 Eastern 17,211 11,230 5,9815 North East 4,261 142 4,119

Total 78,700 54,964 23,736

Uncertainty in Generation

Uncertain Destination

• In the absence of PPA, transmission schemes planned on the basis of target destination regions given by IPPs

• For example in Chhattisgarh :-– LTA given to IPPs : 16,300MW– Proposed destination region :

Western Region :10,900 MW Northern Region: 5,200 MW Southern Region: 200 MW

– Now on commissioning, most of the IPPs proposing to transfer power to SR

REGION TARGET IN XI PLAN (MW)

IPPS PROPOSED TO ADD IN XI PLAN (MW)

NORTHERN REGION 4,472 6239

WESTERN REGION 5898 31107

SOUTHERN REGION 2524 11505

EASTERN REGION 3099 17052

TOTAL 15993 65903

• Against plan of 15,993 MW under IPPs, 65,093 MW proposed by IPPs to add in XI Plan

• State IPPs like Tiroda(3300 MW), Ideal Energy(270 MW) came up without adequate State tr. System; burdened ISTS

• Above mislead the transmission plan.

Proposal by IPPs in Uncoordinated Manner

Jul/11 Nov/11 Mar/12 Jul/12 Nov/12 Mar/13 Jul/13 Nov/13 Mar/1410.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

13.50

14.00

23.48

24.42

25.40

25.4425.74

25.90

27.62 27.62

Average Rate for transmission (Paise/unit)

ONE NationGridFrequency

Large Capacity seeking Connectivity only

190

104

No. of Applications

Connectivity LTA

183000 MW

62600 MW

Quantum in MW

Connectivity LTA

ONE NationGridFrequency

NR

NER

ER

SR

WR

Uncoordinated Generation Addition

• Inter-regional flow depends on demand and generation addition

• Any mismatch causes skewed power flows

Generation delay of about 14,000 MW

Generation delay of about 10,000 MW

Generation addition of about 14,000 MW in

last 2 years

Heavy power rush on WR-NR corridor

Severe RoW Issues

28

HIGH CAPACITY CORRIDORS

Uncoordinated Generation Development

• ER & NER– Delay in Generation Addition : 14,000 MW in ER & 4,000 MW in NER

• SR– Delay of 10,000 MW generation addition resulting in deficit– Lines planned for export being used for import

• Chhattisgarh (WR)– Large quantum for transfer through LTA in WR about 16000 MW in last 2 years– Earlier Target beneficiaries : WR-11000MW, NR-5000MW, SR-200MW only– Now destinations shifted to SR– Many State generations already commissioned (like Tiroda, IEPL etc. ) now

seeking inter-State transfer

• Non-Signing of Long term PPAs– Only about 8400 MW (i.e. 20%) of about 45000 MW ISGS capacity to be added

by IPPs is tied up in long term PPA– Merchant power should be limited to about 15-20%

Long term PPAs

• Long term PPA not materialising – About 2600 MW (12%) from IPPs Projects commissioned

in 12th plan and 5800 MW (27%) from IPP projects to be commissioned in 12th plan (overall 20%)

31

Maximum and Minimum Frequency – 1998 Onwards

ER/NEW Grid Frequency

32

Maximum and Minimum Frequency – 2008 Onwards

ER/NEW Grid Frequency

33

Frequency Variations (Maximum - Minimum ) – 1998 Onwards

ER/NEW Grid Frequency

34

Frequency Variations (Maximum - Minimum ) – 2008 Onwards

ER/NEW Grid Frequency

Nathpa-Jhakri gate

Fog gate

Gomati Gate Ganga Gate

Birpara-Salakati Gate

Silchar Gate

Eastern Region Gate

Mahanadi Gate

W3-W2 Gate

W3-W1 Gate

W3-ER Gate

Bhilai Gate

Godavari Gate

Mundra Gate

Golden GateKaveri Gate

Stanley Gate

Flowgates

Congestion Flowgates in Europe

Source: 10 year network development plan 2012, ENTSOE

Transfer Capability Assessment by System Operators

X Plan XI Plan XII Plan (Proposed) XII Plan (Estimated)0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

57080

69458

180000

200000

Investment Trend in Transmission Sector

Private State

Central Total

Rs. i

n Cr

s.