Power Networks

Professor Graeme Burt

Institute for Energy & Environment, University of Strathclyde g.burt@eee.strath.ac.uk

Power Networks

Why are networks important What are the challenges &

opportunities for networks technologies

Synergies & opportunities Capacity & facilities

WHY ARE NETWORKS IMPORTANT

The carbon reduction challenge

Slide courtesy of National Grid

Transmission

HV Distribution

LV Distribution

Conventional Generation

MV Distribution

Emerging futures

DG 50 MW

DG 10 MW

DG <1 MW

HP μGen

Smart App.

Elec. Cars

Large Wind 100 MW

Flexible Industrial

Loads

Flexible Commercial Loads

Power system transformation

Present

Transmission

HV Distribution

MV Distribution

LV Distribution

Largely unresponsive

Dem

and

Conventional Generation

Energy Security

Costs

Climate change Aging assets

Technology

Markets

CARBON Market

Oil and Gas Market

Transport Sector

Source: System Level Concept Definition – Supergen III: Highly Distributed Power Systems, Report Ref No: EPSRC/HDPS/TR/2008-001November 2008,

CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR NETWORKS TECHNOLOGIES

Active Network Management (ANM) and Smart Grids Paradigm shift from “fit & forget” Accepted characteristics: • Distributed generation • Renewables • Monitoring, communications and control • Preventive and corrective actions • Flexible & adaptable • Embedded intelligence • Autonomy

Acknowledgement: Alinata, Victoria, Australia

Source: www.nature.com

Orkney: zonal approach to automated power flow management

Each zone has a thermal limitation on generation output at any given time

Whole system has a further thermal limit on generation output

Real time control of wind and marine generating units based on measurements and control logic

Technology being taken forward by university spin-out company

Active network management solutions

SOUTH RONALDSAY

FLOTTAHOY

STROMNESS

BURGARHILL

SHAPINSAY

STRONSAY

EDAY

SANDAY

WESTRAY

KIRKWALLKIRKWALL

Significant impact of distributed generation (CHP and DG) on low voltage electricity distribution systems

Monitoring, control, communications technologies are key enablers

Local network challenges

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1000120014001600

Elec

trici

ty c

onsu

mpt

ion

(kW

)

Time

Domestic demand showing impact of 10% penetration of EVs

Charging …Domestic …

55%

2010

Asset Utilisation

BaU

2020 2030

35%

25%

Year 2010 2020 2030+

Utilisation: BaU

55% 35% <25%

Utilisation: Smart

55% 40% >50%

Benefit <0 ~£2.5b ~£45b

Smart Grid= paradigm shift in providing flexibility: from redundancy in assets to more intelligent operation through incorporation of demand side and advanced network technologies in support of real time grid management

Benefits and budget integration of DER are very significant

Integrated DER (Smart Grid)

Demand Side Participation

Influence of time of use of electrical energy through innovative tariffs

Benefits for – management of wind variability – deferment of network reinforcement

Enabled by Home Area Networks (HAN) and automated control

Smart Plug

Meter

Web Servic

e

National/Zonal Demand

Usage Statistics

Task Criticality

Schedule Time

Advances

Request Advances

Best Tariff/ time to use

INDO Requests

Visualisation and intelligent interpretation of energy usage

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:50

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:30

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:50

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Prob

abili

ty

Time (24hrs)

Probability of cars in use weekdays VS weekends Cars in use weekdaysCars in use weekends

‘Wind powered’ transport

Plug-in hybrid or all electric vehicles Privately owned cars are utilised only 5.2%

of time of transportation, thus they are available up to 94.8% of time as responsive load or provide secondary function, V2G or G2V

Simultaneous charging could exceed power network capacity

Impact of sudden changes in generation - April 2011 (1GW)

4mins Disconnections @ 08:41

49.67Hz

Hardware research and testing: validation and verification of innovative controls

Protection IEDs

Substation Gateway

HMI

LAN Interface

D&A Interface

RTDS

mature highly interconnected system comprising urban rings of 275 kV overlaid with the 400 kV Supergrid

need to construct new HVDC circuits and upgrade the AC network with FACTS devices

challenges: – carbon reduction – incorporating large scale

renewable energy – improving demand side

management capability

GB Transmission Network

Renewable generation interfaces HVDC networks & technologies Power Electronics for networks Electrical Machine Drives Integration of Energy storage

Power electronics for offshore

‘Oceans of Opportunity’, published Sept 2009, EWEA

Frie

nds

of th

e su

perg

rid

HVDC Transmission

Principle option for offshore wind power transmission Technologies

Current source converter (CSC) based Voltage source converter (VSC) based

produce Q -- AC voltage support Multi-terminal VSCs

‘Oceans of Opportunity’, published Sept 2009, EWEA

Asset Management Capabilities

Sensor design Data acquisition Partial discharge and RF measurement Intelligent data analysis Automated diagnostics Distributed intelligence architectures Asset management methods

SYNERGIES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Marine Power Systems

• Increasing popularity of all-electric designs – Fuel efficiency and emissions reduction – Flexibility and reliability – High capacity, low impedance – Novel architectures/loads

http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/queen_mary/images/image_1.jpg

http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/horizon/images/Type45_2.jpg

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/tanker-lng-image101.jpg

The Energy RD&D Landscape

Research Applied research and development

Demonstration

Pre-commercial deployment

Reg

iona

lN

atio

nal

Euro

pean

Research Councils

Technology Strategy Board

Energy Technologies Institute

Carbon Trust

Environmental Transformation Fund

Framework Programme

RDA Schemes

Devolved Administrations

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

Kno

wle

dge

Tran

sfer

Net

wor

k di

ssem

inat

ing

info

rmat

ion

and

prov

idin

g fu

ndin

g ad

vice

.

SP1 Network Operation

SP2 Energy Management

SP3 I&C System Interoperability

SP4 Electrical Storage

Technology

SP5 Transmission

Network

CAPACITY & FACILITIES

Network Excellence for Smarter Grids

Testing infrastructure for Smart Grids

Facilities Extensive desktop simulation tools Real time simulation + RT- PHIL Network monitoring and WAMS data

sets Control room simulator Industrial control & monitoring

platforms

26

Network Excellence for Smarter Grids

Testing infrastructure for Smart Grids

Research & Services Protection device &

scheme testing Network and DER control

algorithm evaluation Communications

emulation and simulation for smart grid controls

Inverter testing under fault conditions

27

Network Excellence for Smarter Grids

European Distributed Energy resources Laboratories e.V. Network of Excellence for Smarter Grids

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Power Network Demonstration

Centre

Facility – power & ICT

Knowledge & skills

Partnership

Test bed

UK showcase

Accelerator

Demonstration Development Research Deployment

www.strath.ac.uk/pndc

Core Research Programme Themes: • Network Management • Asset Diagnostics & Prognostics • Protection • Systems & Platforms • DER/DSM/V2G Technology • Sensors & Measurement • Distribution Control & Automation • Communications • Network Devices