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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
POWER TRIANGLE
DISADVANTAGE OF LOW POWER FACTOR CAUSES OF LOW
POWER FACTOR
POWER FACTOR IMPROVMENT METHODS
ADVANTAGES OF POWER FACTOR
IMPROVMENT CONCLUSION
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INTRODOCTION The cosine of angle e!"een #ol!age
an$
c%&&en! in an ac ci&c%i! is 'no"n as (o"e&
fac!o&)
Po"e& fac!o& * +ac!i#e (o"e& ,-
+a((a&en!(o"e&,
Th%s !he (o"e& fac!o& of a ci&c%i! .a/ alsoe
$e0ne$ as !he &a!io of ac!i#e (o"e& !o !he&eac!i#e
(o"e& ) This is a (e&fec! gene&al$e0ni!ion )
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POWER TRIANGLE
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DISADVANTAGE OF LOW
POWER FACTOR La&ge 1VA Ra!ing of e2%i(.en!
G&ea!e& con$%c!o& si3e
La&ge co((e& losses
(oo& #ol!age &eg%la!ion
Re$%ce$ han$ling ca(aci!/
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CAUSE OF LOW POWER FACTOR Mos! of !he .o!o&
a&e in$%c!ion !/(e "hich
ha#e lo" lagging (o"e& fac!o& ) These .o!o&"o&'
a! a (o"e& fac!o& "hich is s.all a! ligh!loa$ +4)5 !o 4)6,
an$ &ising !o 4)7 o& 4)8 a!f%ll loa$ )
The loa$ on !he (o"e& s/s!e. is #a&/ing 9eing high
$%&ing .o&ning an$ e#ening an$lo" a! o!he& !i.e
D%&ing lo" loa$ (e&io$ :s%((l/ #ol!age is inc&ease$
"hich inc&eases!he .agne!isa!ion c%&&en! ) This
&es%l! in$ec&ease$ (o"e& fac!o& )
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POWER FACTOR IMPROVMENT
METHODSStatic capacitor
Syc!roo"# co$%#%r
P!a#% a$&ac%r
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Static Capacitor Po"e& fac!o& can e
i.(&o#e$ / connec!ing !he
ca(aci!o& in (a&allel "i!h !he e2%i(.en!o(e&a!ing a!
!he lagging (o"e& fac!o& ) Ca(aci!o&
$&a"s lea$ing c%&&en! an$ (a&!iall/ o&
co.(le!el/ne%!&alise !he lagging &eac!i#e co.(onen! ofloa$
c%&&en! ) This &aises !he (o"e& fac!o& of
loa$
A$#an!ages ;< =, The/ ha#e lo" losses)
5, The/ can e easil/ ins!alle$ as !he/ a&eligh!
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Syc!roo"#
Co$%#%r An o#e& e>ci!e$ s/nch&ono%s .o!o&
&%nning on no loa$ is
'no"n as s/nch&ono%s con$ense& ) When s%ch .achineis
connec!e$ in (a&allel: i! !a'e lea$ing c%&&en!
"hich
ne%!&alises !he lagging c%&&en! of loa$ )
A$#an!ages;<
=, The fa%l! can e &e.o#e$ easil/ )
5,?/ #a&/ing !he 0el$ e>ci!a!ion : !he .agni!%$e
ofc%&&en! $&a"n / !he .o!o& can e change$ /
an/a.o%n! )This hel( in achie#ing s!e( less con!&ol of
.o!o&)
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P!a#% A$&ac%rPhase a$#ance& is a si.(le AC
e>ci!e& "hich is
connec!e$ on !he .ain shaf! of !he .o!o& an$o(e&a!es
"i!h !he .o!o&@s &o!o& ci&c%i! fo&
(o"e&
fac!o& i.(&o#e.en!) Phase a$#ance& is %se$
!oi.(&o#e !he (o"e& fac!o& of in$%c!ion .o!o&
inin$%s!&ies)
A$&ata(%#)*
Lagging 'VAR +Reac!i#e co.(onen! of Po"e& o&&eac!i#e
(o"e&, $&a"n / !he .o!o& iss%cien!l/ &e$%ce$ eca%se
!he e>ci!inga.(e&e !%&ns a&e s%((lie$ a! sli(
f&e2%enc/ )
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ADVANTAGES OF POWER
FACTOR IMPROVMENTI.(&o#e s/s!e. ca(aci!/)
I.(&o#e #ol!age &eg%la!ion $%e !o &e$%ce$
line #ol!age $&o()Re$%ce in si3e of e2%i(.en! li'e
!&ansfo&.e&
: cale e!c)
I.(&o#e ene&g/ ecienc/ )
Inc&ease e2%i(.en! life )
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T!a+ yo"
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QUERY
