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Power Engineering Education in the Age of
Climate Crisis – A Holistic View
Presented by –Ned (Narendra) Mohan ([email protected]); University of Minnesota
2020
Ned Mohan - 2020
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Electricity – A Basic Human Right- 1.3 Billion people (1/6th of humanity) have no access to it
- Over 1 Billion more will be joining us in just ten short years
3Ned Mohan - 2020https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaGnnpoVg94
Climate Change – Attribution and Prediction
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- Poorest of the poor are at the front line https://z.umn.edu/GavinSchmidt
Ned Mohan - 2020
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How “clean” are Renewables?
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• Wind 100 times cleaner• Solar 25 times cleaner
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Comparative Costs of Energy: How Wind and Solar Stack Up
Coal: $65/MWhGas: $52/MWhSolar: $43/MWhWind: $32/MWhRooftop Solar: $184/MWh
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So the answer (?) is…….
- Shift all our Energy Use to Electricity
- Generate Electricity from Renewables
- Conservation
- Sustainability mindset
Science Alone Cannot Stop Global Warming- human attitudes must change.
Ned Mohan - 2020
9https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2017/08/01/varun-sivaram-the-hamilton-of-the-solar-industry/Ned Mohan - 2020
https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=310
Total U.S. Electricity Generated in 2018:
Wind: 6.6%
PV: 1.5%
Source: EIA
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A Holistic View – The world is not compartmentalized into Power, Power Electronics, Electric Drives and Control
Electricity Generation, Transmission and End-Use:• Renewables/storage• Conservation
Transportation• Trains• Planes• Hybrids/EVs
Defense• Navy• Air Force• Army
Industrial Competitiveness• Automation/Robotics/Advanced Manufacturing
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0 69010 60
VHz
−−
34.5kV
161kV
Power ElectronicsConverters
V
Time0
60 Hz
Low-VoltageRide-Through
Generator
690V
Wind
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Solar
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Need for Storage
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HVDC?
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Electric Machines and Drives• A large fraction of electricity is generated and consumed by
systems using rotating machines• Transportation• Wind Plants• Concentrated Solar Power• Nuclear Power Plants
17https://rhg.com/research/final-us-emissions-numbers-for-2017/
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EVs
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Minnesota Rectifier
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Total undergraduate enrollments in EE programs
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Series2
Source: ASEE Ned Mohan - 2020
History of Electric Energy Curriculum and Interest Nationwide
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• EE curriculum started with power engineering in the 1880’s
• Interest in power engineering declined after mid-1900’s Courses did not change Students were not excited Instructional capacity declined
• Power engineering is now seen as critical to growth and sustainability Requires rethinking the curriculum
Ned Mohan - 2020
Proposed Approach
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• A pipeline course• Fewer, carefully designed, undergraduate Courses• Graduate courses shared with colleagues across
the country - online
Ned Mohan - 2020
http://z.umn.edu/ee1701
• Online only• 111 students
• 85% from other colleges
• 60% female
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Dual-Credit, Concurrent-Enrollment Program
• NSF/NAE-Sponsored ECE Department Heads Workshop, University of Minnesota, April 19, 2019
• Next NSF Workshop (in collaboration with ECEDHA), March 21, 2020, Orlando, FL
Ned Mohan - 2020
Electric Power Engineering
•Power Systems
•Power Electronics
•Electric Machines and Drives
•Controls
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Only 3 Senior Electives
Core Courses
Power Electronics
Electric Drives
Power Systems
Core Courses
Power Electronics
Electric Drives
Power Systems
Complementary
Course
Undergraduate/First-Year Graduate Courses -
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October, 2011 January, 2012 August, 2014
Textbooks on Power electronics and Electric drives
2003, 3rd edition
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August, 2020
A complete textbook for Electric drives
• Content is totally free to download• 235 U.S. Universities have become members
http:cusp.dl.umn.edu
CUSP™(Consortium of Universities for Sustainable Power)
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17 Senior-Level/Graduate Courses Developed (54 Credits)
Power Systems (22 Credits)1. Power Systems + Lab (3 + 1 Credits)2. Advanced Power Systems I (3 Credits)3. Advanced Power Systems II (3 Credits)4. Power Gen, Op and Control (3 Credits)5. High Voltage Technology (3 credits, will be uploaded soon)6. Protection and Relaying (3 Credits)7. Electricity Markets (3 Credits)
Power Electronics (16 Credits)1. Power Electronics + Lab (3 + 1 Credits)2. Advanced Power Electronics I (3 Credits)3. Advanced Power Electronics II (3 Credits)4. Digital Control of Power Electronics (3 Credits)5. WBG Course developed by Prof. Agarwal (3 Credits)
Electric Machines/Drives (14 Credits)1. Electric Machines/Drives + Lab (3 + 1 Credits)2. Vector Control of Drives + Lab (3 + 1 Credits)3. Electric Machine Design (3 Credits)4. FEA-based Machine Design (3 Credits)
Renewable Energy (2 Credits)1. Wind Energy Essential (2 Credits)
https://cusp.umn.edu
Commercialization of Hardware Laboratories
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NSF - CCLI
Acquired by 109 US Universities
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A Four-Year ONR Grant –To Develop WBG-Based, Extremely Low-Cost Laboratories for Power
Electronics, Motor Drives, and Power System Protection and Relays for National Dissemination
Commercialization:http://Sciamble.com
Ned Mohan - 2020
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Rationale for Offering Online Courses and an Online Master’s Degree
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1.Educated Workforce to meet increasing demands related to electric energy
2.Make a large selection of courses available to students nationwide
3.Keep certain power-related courses, critical to national infrastructure, from disappearing
4.Keep evolving these courses
5.Master’s Courses - kind of a niche for online
6.Offering Certificates after 9 or 15 credits(?)Ned Mohan - 2020
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Workbench – Model based numerical simulation and real-time code generation
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Workbench Real-time Induction motor vector control
Procedure to follow along available at: https://sciamble.com/workshop/ecce2020/part6
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Workbench Real-time Induction motor vector control
Procedure to follow along available at: https://sciamble.com/workshop/ecce2020/part6
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Induction motor real-time vector control resultsSp
eed
(ra
d/s
)
Time (s)
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Induction motor real-time vector control results
Cu
rren
t (A
)
Cu
rren
t (A
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Induction motor 3φ stator current
Induction motor 3φ stator current (zoomed in)
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Induction motor real-time vector control results
Torq
ue
(Nm
)
Cu
rren
t (A
)
Time (s)
Time (s)
Load Torque
Stator q-axis current
Induction motor stator dq currents
Induction motor torque and load torqueStator d-axis current
Motor Torque
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Workbench Real-time PMSM vector control
Procedure to follow along available at: https://sciamble.com/workshop/ecce2020/part7
Cost: > $7,000
Cost: ≈ $6,000
Cost: ≈ $7,500
Academic
Total: > $20,500
Cost: > $20,000
Cost: ≈ $20,000
Cost: ≈ $7,500
Non-academic
Total: > $47,500
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Previously used system in electric drives lab (Spring 2017)
In-house designed simulation, real-time code
generation and data logging software.
Redesigned high density three inverter power
board with inbuilt controller + motors.
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Currently used system in electric drives lab (Spring 2018)
Cost: FREE!
Cost: $3,000
Academic/Non-academic
Total: $3,000
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Currently used system in electric drives lab (Spring 2018)
Electric Drives Lab
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3x 3Φ 40V, 5A Si MOSFET modules
DC-DC 40V to 12V, 5V, 3.3V and 1.9V
TMS320F28335 150MHz FPU DSP
On-board USB programmer and low speed data logger
6x Current sensors
2x A-quad-B encoder
Three Inverter specs
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List of Experiments
Basic drives lab (undergraduate level)
1. Switched-mode DC-DC converter
2. Characterization of DC motor
3. DC motor closed-loop speed control
4. Four-quadrant operation of DC motor
5. Torque-load angle characteristics andspeed control of PMAC motor
6. Determination of Induction motorparameters
7. Torque-speed characteristics andspeed control of Induction motor
Advanced drives lab (graduate level)
1. Characterization of Induction motor
2. Induction motor V/f control
3. Vector control of induction motor
4. Encoder-less vector control ofinduction motor
5. Direct torque control of inductionmotor
6. Space vector Pulse width modulationof two level three-phase inverter
7. Vector control of surface PMACmotor
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WBG based Digitally controlled Power Electronics Lab
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List of Experiments
Power electronics lab (undergraduate level)
1. Si and GaN power-device characteristics
2. Buck converter
3. Boost converter
4. Buck-boost converter
5. Digital voltage mode control
6. Digital current mode control
7. Flyback converter
8. Forward converter
9. Full-bridge converter
10. Single-phase DC-AC inverter
11. Three-phase DC-AC inverter
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Emulated Power Systems Lab (under development)
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List of Experiments
Power systems lab (undergraduate/graduate level)
1. DC - Three-phase AC using GaN inverter
2. PMAC generator
3. Lagging and leading power factor linear load
4. Non-linear and motor load
5. Grid tied PV
6. Grid tied wind turbine generator
7. Battery storage
8. Diesel generator
9. Interconnected AC micro-grid system – stability analysis
10. Interconnected DC micro-grid system
11. Phase-to-phase and phase-ground fault analysis
Online Lab Capability
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2 am – 4 am
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Low-cost general purpose prototyping platform
• Code-free model based design enabled rapid prototyping platform.
• Cost $25 and has similar capability as $9000 dSpace platform.
• Measures 1 x 1 in and can be easily plugged into any real-world controlapplication.
• 100 MHz clock, 16 PWMs, 14 ADCs, 33 GPIOs, 1 SPI/SCI/CAN COM.
• On-board datalogger and programmer that interfaces directly with Workbench.
Research Applications -
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We are greatly indebted for two grants to the University of Minnesota from the Office of Naval Research
(ONR):
a. N00014-15-1-2391 “Web-Enabled, Instructor-Taught Online Courses,”
b. N00014-19-1-2018 “Developing WBG-Based, Extremely Low-Cost Laboratories for Power Electronics,
Motor Drives, and Power System Protection and Relays for National Dissemination.”
These grants allowed the development of the Workbench simulation platform, which is available free-of-cost
for educational purposes. These grants also allowed the development of a low-cost hardware laboratory,
available from Sciamble Corp (https://sciamble.com/) – a University of Minnesota startup.
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Acknowledgement
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Our Responsibility –
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Carl Sagan: There is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.
There is no Planet B.
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Thank You!
Ned Mohan - 2020
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