Power Electronics for a sustainable and secure Energy Supply

Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved.

Power Electronics for a sustainable and secure Energy Supply

Michael Weinhold

Technology and Innovation

Siemens AG, Energy Sector

Seite 2 28.3.2008 Copyright © Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionMichael Weinhold

Challenges and Solutions for the energy system

Goal: efficient, reliable, flexible, safe and secure energy supply infrastructure

Increased use of renewable and distributed energy resources.

Distribution within congested areas / mega cities.

Bulk power transmission over long distances

High efficient fossil power plants

Urbanization

Scarcity of natural

resources

ClimateChange

Need for more energy

Open markets


Future grids require more flexibility

Increased energy trading

Increasing distance between generation and load

Fluctuating infeed

Increasing short-circuit currents

High supply quality along with greater network complexity and vulnerability

Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids

Integration of distributed energy resources

Cost pressure

Aging infrastructure and lack of experts

Legal & regulatory framework


Advanced Power Transmission Solutions with HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current Transmission) and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmissions Systems)

Symbols:

Series compensationDC Transmission& Interconnection

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North System50 Hz

North System50 Hz

South System60 Hz

South System60 Hz

Central System60 Hz

Central System60 Hz

Clean &Low CostEnergy

Tariff

Bulk Power &Long Distance

Tariff

PowerExchange

Power Exchange– Asynchronous Networks

Avoidance ofLoop Flows

~

SubmarineCable Link

SubmarineCable Link

Parallel compensation

voltage control


Series Compensator for AC Line in Brasil (1997)

Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC)in Serra da Mesa- Increase of Power Transfer Capacity to 1300MW- Stabilisation of Transmission Grid (up to 500 POD/day)- Power Rating 107MVAr - Transmission Voltage 550kV


Components and principle technologies of High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC)

~=

=~

AC Grid 1

DC

HVDC Classic HVDC PLUS

AC Grid 2

C

A

G

G

E

C


DC lineSystem 1 System 2

ACACACAC

Long Distance

Back-to-Back

System 1 System 2

ACACACAC

DC Cable

DC cable

ACAC ACACSystem 2System 1

Siemens HVDC TechnologyHVDC Applications


Bipolar

Transmission LineTerminal A Terminal B

Pole 1

Pole 2

Transmission Line

Terminal A Terminal B

Monopolar

Siemens HVDC TechnologyHVDC Long Distance Transmission Systems


Right of way comparison

± 500 kV D C 2 x 500 kV AC

100 m50 m

Typical Transm ission L ine S tructu res for approx. 2000 M W


Customer: Neptune RTS

Project name: Neptune

Location: New York/New Jersey Long Island

Type of Plant: Long Distance Sea Cable

Power Rating: 660 MW, monopolar

Trans. distance: 105 km Sea Cable +23 km Land Cable

Voltage levels: 500 kV DC230/345 kV, 60Hz

Thyristor voltage: 8 kV (LTT)

Neptune, USA, 2007

“Black out prevention for mega cities”

Manhattan

JFK


The Trans Bay Cable project with HVDC PLUS

Little room for the power converter stations

High seismic requirements

Complex interaction with the AC grid (low harmonics, existing SVC etc.)

New self-commutating HVDC PLUS topology

± 200kV, 400MW capacity

90km of extruded XLPE marine cable


Customer: Moyle Interconnector Ltd.

Project name: Moyle Interconnector

Location: Northen Ireland – Scotland

Type of plant: Long-distance transmission submarine cable

Power rating: 2 x 250 MW

Trans. distance: 64 km

Voltage levels: 2 x 250 kV DC275 kV, 50 Hz

Type of thyristor: Direct-lighttriggered 8 Kv

Nos. of thyristors: 1872

Moyle Interconnector, Northern Ireland, 2001


Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnerctor

Customer: Red Eléctrica de España

400 MW, 250 kV8 kV LTT250 km sea-cable

52% Reduction in CO2 by using energy mix from mainland instead of building an oil-fired power plant on the island

Operation scheduled for May 2011

Order volume 100´€

Enabled CO2

abatement: 1.200.000 t/a


Example for reduced transmission losses:2500MW HVDC to Dehli

500kV / 2500MW HVDC Transmission

ca. 40% lower losses compared to the locally typical 400kV AC transmission

CO2 abatement: 688.000 t/a

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Tra

nsm

issi

on

lo

sses

in

GW

h /

a

AC DC


Customer: Basslink PTY Ltd.(NGT Int. Ltd.)

Location: Tasmania-Victoria

Supplier: Tas-VicInterconnectorConsortiumSiemens / Pirelli

Type of Plant: Long DistanceSea Cable / OHL

Power rating: 500 MW monopolar

Trans. distance: 286 km DC cable 70 km OHL

Basslink HVDC Interconnector, 2005

“Green Energy for Australia”


Customer: State Power South Company

Project name: Guizhou - Guangdong

Location: Guizhou Province and Guangzhou near Hongkong

Type of plant: Long-distancetransmission

Power rating: 3000 MW, bipolar

Trans. distance: 980 km

Voltage levels: ± 500 kV DC, 525 kV

Type of thyristor: 8 kV (LTT)

Nos. of thyristors: 3744

Guizhou - Guangdong, China, 2004


Example of Connecting renewable Energies:Hydro Power in China via High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC)

Only HVDC allows transfer of Hydro Power from Yunnan into the Hong-Kong area.

HVDC with highest-ever rating of 5000 MW over distance of1400 km.

First ever 800kV HVDC.

Order received 6/2007 from China Southern Power Grid

Avoiding emmission of

30 Mt CO2 per year


800kV DC transformer bushing at the test lab of TU Graz

For China 500kV is not enough:800kV UHV DC


GuG II2007

GuG I2004

Ge-Nan1989

Neptune2007

Poste Châte.

1984

Basslink

ESI2003/2007

Thailand-Malaysia

2001

Moyle2001

Acaray1981

Lamar2005

Virginia Smith1987

Sylmar East1995

TSQ2000

Celilo

1997/2004

1977/1998Cahora Bassa

Nelson River

1977/2004

Welsh1995 2005

Ballia-Bhiwadi

2009

TSQ

Yunnan-Guangdong

World’s longest HVDC Cable in Operation

Trans Bay Cable

2010

Power Transmission and Distribution

World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission Voltage of 800 kV !

Etzenricht1993

Wien Südost1993

Dürnrohr1983

Storebælt

2010

2010Bridnet

2009/2010

Status: 01-2008

Spain-Mallorca2011

Siemens HVDC experience

Documents

Power Electronics for a sustainable and secure Energy Supply