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OutlineOutline
I.I. What is power electronics?What is power electronics?
II.II. The historyThe history
III.III. ApplicationsApplications
IV.IV. A simple exampleA simple example
V.V. About this courseAbout this course
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I.I. What is power electronics?What is power electronics?
1)1) DefinitionDefinition
2)2) Relation with information electronicsRelation with information electronics
3)3) The interdisciplinary natureThe interdisciplinary nature
4)4) Position and significance in the human societyPosition and significance in the human society
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Power ElectronicsPower Electronics::
A more exact explanationA more exact explanation::
is the electronics applied to conversion and control of
electric power.
Range of power scale :Range of power scale :
milliwatts(mW) megawatts(MW) gigawatts(GW)
1)1) DefinitionDefinition
The primary task of power electronics is to process and
control the flow of electric energy by supplying voltages
and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user
loads.
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Conversion of electric powerConversion of electric power
Other names for electricOther names for electric power converter:power converter: -Power converter -Converter -Switching converter -Power electronic circuit -Power electronic converter
Electric
Power
Converter
PowerPoweroutputoutput
PowerPower inputinput
Control Control inputinput
Frequency, magnitude,Frequency, magnitude,
number of phasesnumber of phasesAC (Alternating Current)AC (Alternating Current)
MagnitudeMagnitudeDC(Direct Current)DC(Direct Current)
Changeable properties in Changeable properties in conversion conversion Two types of electric powerTwo types of electric power
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Classification of power convertersClassification of power converters
DCDC ACAC
AC AC to DC converter (Rectifier)
AC to AC converter
( Fixed frequency : AC controller
Variable frequency: Cycloconverter or frequency converter)
DC DC to DC converter (Chopper)
DC to AC converter
(Inverter)
Power outputPower output
Power inputPower input
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Power electronic systemPower electronic system
Generic structure of a power electronic systemGeneric structure of a power electronic system
Power
Converter
Power output
Power input
ControllerFeedforward/Feedback Feedback/Feedforward
Reference
(commanding)
( ( measurements of output measurements of output signals )signals ) ( measurements of input
signals )
Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its controller including the
corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is
also called power electronic system.
Control input
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Typical power sources and loads Typical power sources and loads for a power electronic systemfor a power electronic system
The task of power electronics has been recently extended to also ensuring the currents and power consumed by power converters and loads to meet the requirement of electric energy sources.
-Electric Motor
-light
-heating-power converter -other electric or electronic equipment
PowerPower ConverterConverter
SourceSourcePower inputPower input Power outputPower output
LoadLoad
ControllerControllerReferenceReference
-Electric utility-battery-other electric energy source -power converter
Vi i i i o Vo
Feedback/Feedback/
Feed forwardFeed forward
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A Classification of electronics by processing objectA Classification of electronics by processing object
2)2) Relation with information electronicsRelation with information electronics
ElectronicsElectronicsInformation electronics: to process information Information electronics: to process information
Power electronics: to process electric powerPower electronics: to process electric power
Other classifications of electronicsOther classifications of electronics
ElectronicsElectronics
Vacuum electronics: using vacuum devices,Vacuum electronics: using vacuum devices, e.g, vacuum tubes devicese.g, vacuum tubes devices
Solid (Solid state) electronics: using solid state devices,Solid (Solid state) electronics: using solid state devices, e.g, semiconductor devicese.g, semiconductor devices
ElectronicsElectronics
Applied electronics: application of electronicApplied electronics: application of electronic devices to various areas devices to various areas
Physical electronics: physics,material,fabrication, Physical electronics: physics,material,fabrication, and manufacturing of electronicand manufacturing of electronic devicesdevices
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3)3) The interdisciplinary natureThe interdisciplinary nature
William E. Newell’s descriptionWilliam E. Newell’s description
Electronics
Dev
ices
,circ
uits Power
Static &
rotating
power equipm
entPower
Electronics
Continuous, Continuous,
discretediscrete Control
Power electronics is the interface betweenPower electronics is the interface between
electronics and power.electronics and power.
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Relation with multiple disciplines Relation with multiple disciplines
Power electronics is currently the most active Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering worldwidediscipline in electric power engineering worldwide. .
PowerPowerelectronicselectronics
Systems & Systems & Control theoryControl theory
Circuit Circuit theorytheory
Signal Signal processing processing
Simulation & Simulation & computingcomputing
ElectronicsElectronics
Solid state Solid state physicsphysics
ElectromagneticsElectromagnetics
Power Power systemssystems
Electric Electric machinesmachines
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4)4) Position and significance Position and significance in the human society in the human society
Electric power is used in almost every aspect and Electric power is used in almost every aspect and everywhere of modern human society.everywhere of modern human society.
Electric power is the major form of energy source used in Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern human society.modern human society.
The objective of power electronics is exactly about how to The objective of power electronics is exactly about how to use electric power, and how to use it effectively and use electric power, and how to use it effectively and efficiently, and how to improve the quality and utilization efficiently, and how to improve the quality and utilization of electric power.of electric power.
Power electronics and information electronics make two Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of modern technology and human society—— poles of modern technology and human society—— information electronics is the brain,and power electronics information electronics is the brain,and power electronics is the muscle.is the muscle.
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II.II. The historyThe history
The thread of the power electronics history precisely follows and The thread of the power electronics history precisely follows and matches the break-through and evolution of power electronic devicesmatches the break-through and evolution of power electronic devices
late 1980slate 1980smid 1970smid 1970s1957195719001900
Mercury arc rectifier Mercury arc rectifier Vacuum-tube rectifier Vacuum-tube rectifier
Thyratron Thyratron
Invention of Invention of Thyristor
Power diode Power diode ThyristorThyristor
ApplicaApplication of ion of fast-switching fast-switching fully-controlled fully-controlled semiconductor semiconductor devicesdevices GTOGTO
GTRGTRPower MOSFET Power MOSFET
ThyristorThyristor(microprocessor)(microprocessor)
IGBTIGBTPower MOSFETPower MOSFET
ThyristorThyristor(DSP)(DSP)
Pre-historyPre-history 1st phase1st phase 2nd phase2nd phase 33rd phaserd phase
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III.III. ApplicationsApplications
IndustrialIndustrial
TransportationTransportation
Utility systemsUtility systems
Power supplies for all kinds of electronic equipmentPower supplies for all kinds of electronic equipment
Residential and home appliancesResidential and home appliances
Space technologySpace technology
Other applicationsOther applications
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Industrial applicationsIndustrial applications
Motor drivesMotor drives
ElectrolysisElectrolysis
ElectroplatingElectroplating
Induction heatingInduction heating
WeldingWelding
Arc furnaces and ovensArc furnaces and ovens
LightingLighting
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Transportation applicationsTransportation applications
Trains & locomotivesTrains & locomotives
SubwaysSubways
Trolley busesTrolley buses
Magnetic levitationMagnetic levitation
Electric vehiclesElectric vehicles
Automotive electronicsAutomotive electronics
Ship power systemsShip power systems
Aircraft power systemsAircraft power systems
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Utility systems applicationsUtility systems applications
High-voltage dc High-voltage dc transmission(HVDC)transmission(HVDC)
Flexible ac transmission(FACTS)Flexible ac transmission(FACTS)
Static var compensation & Static var compensation & harmonics suppression: TCR, TSC, harmonics suppression: TCR, TSC, SVG, APFSVG, APF
Custom power & power quality Custom power & power quality controlcontrol
Supplemental energy sources :Supplemental energy sources :
wind, photovoltaic, fuel cellswind, photovoltaic, fuel cells
Energy storage systemsEnergy storage systems
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Power supplies for electronic equipmentPower supplies for electronic equipment
TelecommunicationsTelecommunications
ComputersComputers
Office equipmentOffice equipment
Electronic instrumentsElectronic instruments
Portable or mobile Portable or mobile electronicselectronics
serverservercomputercomputer
TelecommunicationTelecommunication
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Residential and home appliancesResidential and home appliances
LightingLighting
HeatingHeating
Air conditioningAir conditioning
Refrigeration & freezersRefrigeration & freezers
CookingCooking
CleaningCleaning
EntertainingEntertaining
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Applications in space technologyApplications in space technology
Spaceship power systemsSpaceship power systems
Satellite power systemsSatellite power systems
Space vehicle power Space vehicle power systemssystems
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Other applicationsOther applications
Nuclear reactor controlNuclear reactor control
Power systems for Power systems for particle acceleratorsparticle accelerators
Environmental Environmental engineeringengineering
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TrendsTrends
It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it is finally used.
reduction of energy consumption leads to less pollution
reduction of pollution produced by power converters
direct applications to environment protection technology
Power electronics has been making major
contributions to: --better performance of power supplies and better control of electric equipment
--energy saving
--environment protection
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IV.IV. A simple exampleA simple example
A simple dc-dc converter exampleA simple dc-dc converter example
Input source:100VInput source:100V
Output load:50V, 10A, 500WOutput load:50V, 10A, 500W
How can this converter be realized?How can this converter be realized?
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Dissipative realizationDissipative realization
Resistive voltage dividerResistive voltage divider
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Dissipative realizationDissipative realization
Series pass regulator:Series pass regulator:
transistor operates in active regiontransistor operates in active region
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Use of a SPDT switchUse of a SPDT switch
SPDT: Single pole double throwSPDT: Single pole double throw
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The switch changes the dc voltage levelThe switch changes the dc voltage level
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Addition of low pass filterAddition of low pass filter
Addition of (ideally lossless) L-C low-pass filter, for Addition of (ideally lossless) L-C low-pass filter, for removal of switching harmonics:removal of switching harmonics:
Choose filter cutoff frequency Choose filter cutoff frequency ff0 0 much smaller than much smaller than switching frequency switching frequency ffss
This circuit is known as the “buck converter”This circuit is known as the “buck converter”
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Addition of control system for Addition of control system for regulation of output voltageregulation of output voltage
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Major issues in power electronicsMajor issues in power electronics
How to meet the requirement of the load or gain better How to meet the requirement of the load or gain better control of the loadcontrol of the load
How to improve the efficiency How to improve the efficiency --for reliable operation of power semiconductor --for reliable operation of power semiconductor
devices devices --for energy saving--for energy saving
How to realize power conversion with less volume, less How to realize power conversion with less volume, less weight, and less costweight, and less cost
How to reduce negative influence to other equipment in How to reduce negative influence to other equipment in the electric power system and to the electromagnetic the electric power system and to the electromagnetic environmentenvironment
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V.V. About this courseAbout this course
Relation with other coursesRelation with other courses
PowerPowerelectronicselectronics
FundamentalsFundamentals of analog / digitalof analog / digital
electronicselectronics
Pre-requisite coursePre-requisite course
Control systemsControl systemsfor electric for electric
drivesdrives
Continuing courseContinuing course
Four parts of the contentFour parts of the content
Power electronic devices: Power electronic devices: Chapter 2 and 9Chapter 2 and 9
Power electronic circuits: Power electronic circuits: Chapter 3, 4, 5 and 6Chapter 3, 4, 5 and 6
Control techniques: Control techniques: Chapter 7 and 8Chapter 7 and 8
Applications: Applications: Chapter 10 Chapter 10
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ArrangementArrangement
Text booksText books - - 王兆安,刘进军。《电力电子技术》。北京:机械工业出版社,王兆安,刘进军。《电力电子技术》。北京:机械工业出版社,
20020099 - - N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, W. P. Robbins. Power edectronics: N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, W. P. Robbins. Power edectronics:
converter, applications, and Design, 3rd edition, John Wiley converter, applications, and Design, 3rd edition, John Wiley & & Sons, New York, 2003, Higher Education Press, Beijing, Sons, New York, 2003, Higher Education Press, Beijing, China, China, 20042004
LecturesLectures - 48 hours , all in English- 48 hours , all in English - After-class reading in Chinese and English will be assigned.- After-class reading in Chinese and English will be assigned.
Labs Labs - 8 hours, 5 projects- 8 hours, 5 projects