Light emitting diodes are created through electrical science and chemistry. A semiconductor has a variable capacity to conduct electricity, and there are two types; an N-type has extra electrons, while a P-type has extra positrons. A diode is simple material with an N-type and P-type semiconductor bonded together.

Without something to drive the process, it comes to stasis as positive and negative charges offset creating a depletion zone. To overcome this, electrical power must be applied in the proper direction to ensure continued flow. As they cross the surface they experience a reduction in

energy level and radiate photons.

But whether or not we can see them depends on their frequency, which we can manipulate by using different chemical compounds in the semiconductors. By selectively choosing elements, the color emitted can be chosen. This is the basic element; it needs to be made useful.

By containing the emitting diode in a small plastic covering, the device is made compatible with circuit boards so it can power everything from digital displays to video monitors. The emitted energy can be channeled, magnifying it and increasing the lumens generated.

The search for greater efficiency especially to illuminate houses and other buildings has been going on for some

time and the compact fluorescent innovation was a step in the right direction. It was the traffic improvement over the incandescent generation but now the diode version is the next iteration better.

By eliminating the heat energy wasted in incandescence, the emitting diode version is over four times more efficient at converting energy to brightness. The cost of using it is 1/6 that of an incandescent. It is also smaller, lighter and more durable than its predecessor.

So it begs the question of why we are not using these new products everywhere and hanging on to the old ones. The answer is that while the cost of producing this new type of radiance has decreased radically over the last two decades they are still priced at over $70 each. Making such an investment will require absolute proof of their durability and efficiency for adoption globally.

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