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Poverty and anti-poverty policy in Hungary 1990-2004
Viktoria Galla
Institute of EconomicsHungarian Academy of Sciences
Poverty and ant-poverty policy in the EU 13th
workshop on alternative economic policy in EuropeSeptember 21st-23rd, 2007,Brussels
Aims and data source
Household budget surveys
1993 → 1997→ 2004
Income specific decomposition
Young, unemployed and old-age poverty tendencies
Demographic changes
Dependency ratio 1960-2006
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960
1980
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
years
ratio
Total dependencyratio
Old-age dependencyratio
Youth dependencyratio
Age composition, percentage
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1960
1980
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
years
pe
rce
nta
ge
65-
15-64
0-14
Social position of households with children
Ratio of hh with children within the hh in Hungary, by income deciles
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1993 1997 2004years
rati
o 1st decile
5th decile
10th decile
Average
Social position of unemployed
Ratio of hh with unemployed within all hh in Hungary, by income deciles
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1993 1997 2004years
ratio
1st decile
5th decile
10th decile
Average
Ratio of unemployed to total population age group 15-64, by income deciles
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
1993 1997 2004years
ratio
1st decile
5th decile
10th decile
Average
Social position of pensioners
Income specific dependency ratio in working aged population
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
1993 1997 2004years
rati
o
1st decile
5th decile
10th decile
Average
Social position of under- and well educated in Hungary
Income specific distribution of people with higher education
age group 25-64
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1993 1997 2004
yearspe
rcen
tage
5th quintile
4th quintile
3rd quintile
2nd quintile
1st quintile
Income specific distribution of under educated age group 25-64
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1993 1997 2004
years
perce
ntage
5th quintile
4th quintile
3rd quintile
2nd quintile
1st quintile
Returns on schooling
Return on schooling by the level of education in the personal income
level 1993 1997 2004
elementary 0.7 0.7 0.6
vocational 1.0 0.9 0.9
secondary 1.2 1.2 1.0
third level 1.7 1.8 1.7
Average 1.0 1.0 1.0
-Hh. composition effect
-redistribution of taxes
Gini index
1993 1997 2002 2004
Household income 0.217 0.231 0.237 0.251
Personal income 0.503 0.511 0.493 0.498
-Regional indexes
Poverty ratio
1993 1997 2004
Elderly over 60 below the poverty lines of 50% 1.4 0.5 1.9
Unemployed below the poverty line of 50% 10.4 19.7 21.7
Children below the poverty line of 50%, living in families with more than 3 children 12.2 28.7 30.5
People below the poverty lines of 50%, living in families with more than 3 children 13.4 29.2 28.5