Upload
evelyn-peters
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Potential Solutions: Introduction to UAEM
UBC UAEM Introductory SeminarUBC Medical Student Alumni Centre
October 17, 2009
June Lai
Universities are major contributors to “health-related innovations”
Includes but not limited to:• drugs• vaccines• diagnostics• monitoring tools • know-how and technical expertise
What do universities currently do with their research?
Potential for commercialization?
Decision to patent
Followed by licensing to industry
Universities receive royalties and/or other payments in exchange for the license.
Universities’ patent rights in key HIV/AIDS drugs on the market
· Emtricitabine - EmoryEmtriva®, component of Truvada® & Atripla®
· 3TC - EmoryEpivir®, component of Combivir®, Epzicom® & Trizivir®
· Staduvine - Yale Zerit®
· Abacavir - MinnesotaZiagen® component of Trizivir® & Epzicom®
· T-20 - DukeFuzeon®
UBC Mission Statement
“The University of British Columbia…will prepare students to become exceptional global citizens, promote the values of a civil and sustainable society, and conduct outstanding research to serve the people of British Columbia, Canada, and the world”.
http://www.ubc.ca/about/mission.html
Most other universities have very similar globally minded mission statements that support action to serve the people of the world.
Yale-Stavudine Victory
Most frequently prescribed antiretroviral in 1998
Yale earned $40 million (1999) and Bristol-Myers Squibb earned $443 million (2002)
UAEM Beginnings
Group of students wanted an upfront and systematic way to ensure medicines are made affordable and accessible.
Philadelphia Consensus Statement Stephen Lewis, UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in
Africa Paul Farmer, famous for his ground-breaking work in
Haiti Jeffrey Sachs, Earth Institute at Columbia University
and Director, UN Millennium Project, “The End of Poverty” Edwin Cameron, South African Supreme Court Justice
James Orbinski, Former President MSF
Nobel Laureates (Dr. John Polanyi, Sir John Sulston, and Dr. Harold Varmus, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Dr. Peter Agre)
Elizabeth May (Leader of the Green Party of Canada)
Philadelphia Consensus Statement Dr. Julio Montaner, Acting Director and Director of Clinical
Activities of the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and Co-Director of the Canadian HIV Trials Network, recent President-elect of the
International AIDS Society Dr. Bob Hogg, Director, HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program at
the Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
Dr. Bob Hancock, UBC infectious disease researcher, “Gates Grand Challenges in Global Health” funding
Dr. Tom Perry, internist and clinical pharmacologist, MLA of British Columbia from 1989/96, Minister of Advanced Education, Training and Technology from 1991/93
Dr. David Ng, Advanced Molecular Biology Laboratory
(AMBL),Michael Smith Laboratories, Director of Terry Project- UBC
What can universities do to promote access to essential medicines?
Promote equal access to university research
Require licensing terms in technology transfer agreements that ensure low-cost access to health-related innovations.
Global Access Licensing Framework
UAEM Policy Statement
Global Access Licensing Framework - Generic production of drugs is the best
way to ensure that people in poorer countries can access drugs. If generic provision is infeasible, the drugs should be sold at cost
- Transparency in licensing approach. Measure success of technology transfer by impact on access and innovation.
Common Concerns about Global Access Licensing
Hurts pharmaceutical companies: Black market Lost profit
Industry won’t work with Universities, which hurts research
Lost Profit
Fear: Generics take away from brand name sales
In reality…
-Consumers in High Income Countries comprise 93.2% of all pharmaceutical revenues
-GAL would facilitate access for those too impoverished to afford treatment
Black Market - Some Useful Terminology
Parallel importation - when buyers in lower-priced market re-sell the product to consumers in a higher-priced market
Parallel Importation
-generic drugs flowing from Canada to US
- If only a small percentage of Antiretrovirals were diverted = significant volumes
Parallel Importation : In reality…
- Limited evidence of parallel importation.
- April 2002, European Commission and pharmaceutical companies acknowledged parallel importation “still largely theoretical”
Preventative Measures
-Product Modification
-Consumer Marketing
-moral and legal issue
-Tight Border Controls at High Income Countries
What can universities do?
Promote research & development for neglected diseases
Promote in-house ND research Engage with nontraditional partners to create new opportunities for ND drug development; Ensure that discoveries useful for ND research are exempt from patents or licenses
UAEM Policy Statement
Universities that are Changing the Way they License
Berkeley (2005) UBC (2007) Emory (2008) Edinburgh (2009)