Potential of Biochar from Biomass for Asia and the Pacific · June 3,2011 . Potential of Biochar from Biomass for Asia and the Pacific . Yoshiyuki Shinogi (Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka,

June 3,2011

Potential of Biochar from Biomass for Asia and the Pacific

Yoshiyuki Shinogi (Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan)

Sustainable Bioenergy Symposium

1 1.What is “Biochar” ?

Basically, “Biochar” is a char from “Biomass”. The precise definition has been discussing at an international society

(International Biochar Initiatives, (1996)).


2

Carbon Products

①Light

②Higher Absorbent

③Alkali

④Black Color

These features depends on resource and pyrolysis conditions such as temperature.

Pyrolysis

①Reduction of weight and volume

②Non Smell

③Easy to be handled with

④Reduction of Dioxin gas

These are different from resources and pyrolysis conditions such as temperature.

Characteristics


3 Use

Agriculture • Soil amendment (Improve soil physical, engineering

properties) • Provide nutrients such as P and K • Absorbents (gas, water etc.) • Stable carbon sink ??

Others • Coke and fuel • Humid control


4 Impact of Farmland application (Beans)

Soil: relatively poor Char: powderI(cedar)<3mm Amount: C 500g/m2+CaPO4 5g/m2 Result: Harvest increased 7 fold, Better taste, High quality 1983 Sugiura, Ogawa


5 Paddy Rice

Soil: paddy soil (clayish) Char: powderI(oak)<3mm Amount: 500kg/ha Result: yield A 4,8t B 4,5t (control = A 2,6t B 3,7t) Soil Temperature = stable → no cold damage Less falling down, much feeder root, fast growing 1981(A),82(B) Sugiura, Seki, Unryuuin,


6 Alfalfa

Type: powder charB (larch) Char: 300g/m2+W.V.1liter/m2 (20 times solution) Result: height 143% Fresh weight 310% compared to control Better quality as forage No disease like Fusarium 1985 Sugiura,


7 Seedling of Cedar Tree

Soil: relatively poor Char: activated charcoal of rubber tree (for industry) Method: 5cm layer under 40cm depth Result: (after 1.5 year) Little disease in C.A. (Fusarium, Rhizoctonia) Length = 4.1times growth (control = 2.8 times) ---1.5 times Diameter = 4.6 times growth (control = 3.4 times) ---1.3 times 1976 Sugiura, Unryuuin, Endou, Terao,


8 Reviving Pine tree Soil: poor, hardly stamped Char: powderI (oak tree) Method: dig ditches of W=30cm D=50cm, put in char 20cm thickness and fill up with soil. Result: After 4 years, a nearly dead pine tree aged more than 350years was revived !!! 1983 Sugiura

Nutrients

0

500

1000

1500

施用効果試験

キャ

ベツ

重（g/

株）

標準施肥牛炭２ｔ牛炭５ｔ

汚泥炭２ｔ汚泥炭５ｔ

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

汚泥５ｔ

汚泥２ｔ

牛炭５ｔ

牛炭２ｔ

牛炭800℃

牛炭500℃

牛炭250℃

標準施肥

３L

２L

L

M

S

規格外

There is P&K substituting function.

Market Priority in size Ｌ＞２Ｌ＞Ｍ

Cab

bage

Wei

ght (

g)

Legend

Control

Application impact of charcoal from sewage and cattle sludge to cabbage weight and size.

There must be an optimal application amount.

Nutrient Substituting Chemical Fertilizer

0

500

1000

1500

キャ

ベツ

重　

(g/株

)

0

10

20

30

土壌

中硝

酸態

窒素

濃度

(m

g/10

0g)

800℃

600℃

250℃

標準施肥

800℃

500℃

250℃

標準施肥

K substituting function with carbon from cattle waste.

Absorption of nitrate nitrogen with carbon product from cattle waste.

Almost no significant difference comparing with chemical fertilizer application.

Temperature

Cab

bage

wei

ght (

g)

Nitr

ate

nitro

gen

conc

entra

tion(

mg/

100g

)

Control


11 Absorbent function for various gas.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

吸着時間（ｈ）

ガス

濃度

（ppm

)

メチルメルカプタン（酸性ガス）

炭化物０．１ｇ

アンモニア(ｱﾙｶﾘ性ガス）

炭化物０．２ｇ

アセトアルデヒド(中性ガス）

炭化物０．５ｇ

（Temperature 500℃）

Gas C

oncentration (ppm)

Time (hour)

ＡｍｍｏｎｉｕｍＧａｓ(Alkali )

Acetaldehyde Gas (Neutral)

Methyl Mercaptan (acid)

Inlet


12 Long term observation

Application (mixture) of charcoal from bagasse.

It enables to increase available water (moisture) of the soil (crop) and it can held (last) more than 55 months after application.

Courtesy to Professor Y. Komiya (Ryukyu Univ. Japan)

Depth (cm)

Soil water content(%)


13

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4

CO2-C emmisions or C sequestration (t-C/t-DW)

Feedstock transport

Carbonization

Char transport

Farmland application

Carbon sequestration

Net carbonsequestration

DieselKeroseneElectricityConstructionC sequestrationTotal

Operation

0.1t-C/t-DW

Fig. CO2-C emission and C sequestration from each process

Environmental Impact LC-CO2 calculation results

Water content of feedstock: 15-20 %

24 t-C/ha Conversion

Carbonization process is dominant. Kerosene consumption is dominant and electricity follows same as higher water content.

Carbon minus


14 LCA assessment results

Table LCA Analysis of Pyrolysis

Group capacitykg/h average s.d. average s.d. average s.d.

A) 15-20 1044 314 1.239 0.504 0.553 0.177B) 30-60 865 345 1.087 0.579 0.463 0.170C) 90-300 413 191 0.416 0.199 0.210 0.093D) 800-1200 111 61 0.102 0.059 0.065 0.031

kg-CO2/t-waste kg-NOx/t-waste kg-SOx/t-waste

Environmental burdens originated from different carbonization (pyrolysis) devices were calculated with observed data. The results showed that large differences in environmental burdens existed between different devices. The CO2, NOx,

and SOx emissions decreased as the capacities of carbonization

devices increased (Y. Kanri, et. al., 2007) .


15 Biomass Refinery Systems at Miyako-Island,Japan

事務所

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥⑦

⑨

⑧

トラックスケール

センター

出入口

測定室

事務所

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥⑦

⑨

⑧

トラックスケール

センター

出入口

測定室

①Pyrolysis (Bagasse)

②Gasification

③Waste Honey stock

⑦⑧Stock yard

④Bio-gas

⑤Pyrolysis (Sludge)

⑥Speedy compost

⑨Wind & solar power generators


16

Bagasse

Pyrolysis

Excrement

Biomass Conversion Plants

Gasification

Bio-Gas (Fermentation)

Composting

Carbon Product

Digestive Slurry

Compost

Power Generation

Heat

Electricity

Basically, farmland application

Acid Liquid

Used among the plants Surplus energy are sold

Linkage among

conversion systems

LCA Analysis were carried out on optimization


17 Manufacturing (Traditional Iwate kiln H1.1-1.4xW4.3xL5.4)


18 Portable iron D1.9 H1.8 Thickness1mm, 8-16hrs.


19

Char making Pan


20

20

Pyrolysis &Carbon Dynamics

Biomass =“Carbon Neutral” =Crop = CO2 User (Absorber) + Pyrolysis = Carbon Fixation + Land Application = Carbon Mitigation by farmland + Agricultural Use = Sustainable Our Direction = ???

Global Warming Greenhouse Effect Carbon Dynamics

Biomass use → Carbon Credit


21

BIOMASS Waste Pyrolysis

Farmland Application Carbon sequestration

( no emissions of CO2 )

CCS by carbonization of biomass

21

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Sagano_Takenomichi.jpg�


22 Model of rural area

Rural area

City area

Return of money

Carbon Capture & Storage

CCS by biomass in rural area

Adaptation &

Mitigation for CO2

Carbon trade

Branded Agricultural product

22


23

Ecological Education Elementary/junior high school

23

Abandoned Bamboo forest

farmers

Local Community BIOCHAR

Produce

Retailer wholesaler

CO2 Capped companies Company Social Responsibility CO2 Volunteer market

Certification/Validation

COOL VEGE + rural brand

Carbon credit

Carbon Minus Project Scheme Rural Area


24

Wheat：nourin No.61

地域の小学生が参加したムギ踏み

ムギの坪狩りの様子

Carbon Minus Project

Experiment for the effect of growing vegetable

Participation of elementary school pupil as environmental education.


25 Feb.18,2008 Experimental field（wheat） Stepping by children

as environmental education


26 Conclusion

Biochar can contribute as following; 1. Enhance productivity of farmland 2. Achieve environmental friendly agriculture, organic

agriculture 3. Sustainable carbon sequestration 4. Rural promotion (Carbon minus project) 5. Environmental-friendly education

Achievement of sustainable society!!

Documents

Potential of Biochar from Biomass for Asia and the Pacific · June 3,2011 . Potential of Biochar from Biomass for Asia and the Pacific . Yoshiyuki Shinogi (Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka,