POSTSCRIPT*

When the first edition of this book went through the press, the first lunar soft-landers and orbiters just commenced returning a wealth of new scientific data which could then be only briefly noted in a postscript. Chance willed it that the present second edition was to be preceded by weeks by the first manned landing on the Moon, on 20 July 1969, in the region of Mare Tranquillitatis - an event anticipated with confidence in several places ot this book - and a successful return of the crew of three U.S. astronauts back to the Earth with the first samples of lunar rocks provided us with even more valuable data which are now being analyzed. Only a few definitive results of their analysis have been disclosed in time to be mentioned in this place; and these will be briefly noted below.

The historic landing of Apollo 11 spacecraft took place on a typical mare ground. A preliminary petrographic analysis of the rocks returned to the Earth disclosed the presence in them of several minerals well known from the Earth's crust - such as olivine, pyroxene, or feldspar - in addition to a surprisingly large percentage (30-40%) of silica. The surface of these rocks shows clear evidence of micrometeoritic bom­bardment, indicative of long exposures to space weathering. Their interiors possess vesicular structure, which may have been caused by degassing during solidification. However, these vesicles are not rough, but appear to possess surface coated internally with silica - a feature found in no lava samples known on the Earth; and rendering lunar rocks something entirely unique, with no obvious terrestrial counterpart.

The cosmic-ray exposure age of the surface of Mare Tranquillitatis appears from the measurements to be of the order of 100 million years. This fact sets the limit to the rate at which the lunar surface is being turned over by meteoritic bombardment down to a depth of approximately 1 m.

A chemical analysis of lunar samples returned by Apollo 11 broadly confirmed the results previously reported by the IX-scattering experiment aboard the Surveyors (see pp. 153-154 of this book). The alkali abundances are low (0.4% for Na, 0.1% for K); but a surprisingly high percentage was found of titanium (6-10% Ti02). This all indicates marked departures from the present chemical composition of the solar atmosphere (see p. 156), as well as from the mean composition of the Earth's crust -rendering the Moon again a very special object.

A preliminary determination of the potassium-argon ages of the lunar rocks (by measurements of the ratios of radioactive decay products) disclosed that these rocks

... August 30, 1969.

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solidified some 3000-4000 million years ago or more - i.e., a time comparable with the age of the solar system. This confirms the opinion expressed repeatedly in the text of this book about the great age of the lunar surface and of the majority of features recorded on it in stone. In particular, the maria appear to be very old features of lunar topography - and not acquired in relatively recent times.

The seismometer installed by the Apollo astronauts on the Moon reported since 20 July the occurrence of several seismic events - too many to be accounted for by meteoritic impacts of the requisite magnitude; but whether they signified tectonic moonquakes or mere landslides or subsidence in the regolith remains still undecided. Whatever may be the case, however, the mechanism which we envisaged in Chapter 24 to produce litho-exhumation lunar boulders seems indeed to be operative on a more intensive scale than we dared to anticipate. A piece of iron - obviously of meteoritic origin - was found lying right on the exposed surface. Since this iron could have reached the Moon only by a primary impact with a velocity of at least several kilo­meters per second, it must have penetrated initially down to a considerable depth. If it rests now on the relatively soft surface, this proves that (at last in that part of the lunar surface) litho-exhumation envisaged on pp. 482-483 must actually be operative.

The actual records of seismic-wave trains telemetered by the seismometer to the Earth indicates, moreover, a possibility of the existence of some distinct layers in lunar interior; but the evidence is not yet conclusive.

On their return from the Moon, the Apollo astronauts observed the occurrence of a transient luminous phenomenon in the crater Aristarchus (noted also independently by the terrestrial observers at the same time) which could not have been due to anything else but solid-state luminescence (cf. Chapter 22) of the lunar surface. What was really interesting about this event was the fact that it occurred during the lunar night-time, on the dark (not sunlit) side of the Moon. This fact rules out solar electro­magnetic radiation of any wavelength as a possible source of excitation; and - by elimination - points again to a corpuscular radiation (which can propagate through space along curvilinear trajectories - quite irrespective of any magnetic field of the Moon itself - and can, therefore, impinge on the lunar surface at nighttime) as a probable source.

Altogether, the first scientific results forthcoming from the Apollo 11 mission (and there are nine more to follow in the next 2 years) have already rendered the Moon far more interesting a celestial body than we dared to hope in fond anticipations.

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516 THE MOON

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517

INDEX OF NAMES

Aarons, J. 410 Abdul-Wefa, 11 Adarrm,J.B.462,485 Ade1, A. 485 Adler, J. E. M. XVI, 490 Akabane, K. 389 Akim, E. L. 199, 348 Akimov, A. A. 484 Alfven, H. 67, 71, 470, 490 Allan, D. W. 95 Alley, C. O. 418 Alter, D. 350 Alterman, Z. 172 Amenitsky, N. A. 388 Anand, S. P. S. 489 Anaxagoras, 3, 423 Anderson, J. D. 6, 69, 173 Arago, D. T. J. 42, 69, 248, 485 Archimedes, 5 Argoli, A. 227 Arnold, J. R. 173 Aronovitz, L. 173, 489 Arthur, D. W. G. 209, 254, 349, 351 Ashworth, D. 172f Atkinson, R. d'E. 22

Baars, J. W. 403 Baglioni, T. 349 Bakharev, A. M. 485, 489 Baldock, R. V. 398, 486 Baldwin, R. B. XVII, 172, 191, 193, 350f, 389f Banachiewicz, Th. 16,43,70 Banks, Sir J. 488 Barabashev, N. P.257, 350, 363, 365,368,484f Barash, M. L. 173, 487 Barbier, D. 485 Barnes, V. E. 173 Barr, E. 429, 430, 432f, 488 Barricelli, N. A. 490 Bastin, J. A. 486, 490 Bay, Z. 486 Beckmann, P. 486 Beer, W. 243, 245f, 349 Behannon, J(. W. 173 Belkovich, I. V. 43, 70, 348 Bell, B. 370, 462, 485, 490

Benard, H. 312 Bennett, A. 71, 364, 484, 486 Berg, Ch. A. 490 Bergh, S. van den 485 Beringer, R. 390 Bernstein, W. 173, 487 Bessel, F. W. 42, 69f, 180,209,348 Bianchini, F. 238 Bigg, E. K. 173, 489 Birch, F. 92, 115, 126, 133f, 375 Bird, J. 247f Blackwell, D. E. 435, 489 Blagg, M. A. 246f Blair, I. M. 435, 489 Bland, M. E. M. 141 Blevis, N. 410 Blizard, J. B. 485f, 489 Boettcher, C. J. E. 413 Bolt, B. 130, 172 Bonacini, C. 237 Bond, W. C. 249 Bondar, L. J. 388 Borel, E. 237 Borisova, A. P. 484 Born, M. 4OOf, 403 Borst, L. B. 173 Bosmans, P. 349 Botley, C. M. 489 Bouguer, P. 42, 364 Bouvard,J. 42, 69, 209 Brahe, Tycho de 11 Bramley, E. N. 486 Brandt, J. C. 173, 487 Bray, T. A. 193, 194, 348 Breece, S. 191 Bridgman, P. 304 Briggs, B. H. 173, 486 Brinkmann, R. T. 350 Brockamp, B. 348 Brockhaus, J(. 348 Bronshten, V. A. 305 Broten, N. W. 388 Brouwer, D. 6, 14, 69 Brown, E. W. 14, 16, 34,40, 69, 351,486 Brown, F. C. 484 Brown, W. E. 487

INDEX OF NAMES

Browne, I. C. 404, 486 Bruman, J. R. 351 Brungart, D. L. 350 Buettner, K. J. K. 419 Bullen, K. E. 78, 125 Bureido, I. I. 350 Burley, J. 431, 489 Bums, E. A. 486 Burton, R. H. 5 Bystrov, N. F. 171, 196, 348

Cameron, A. G. W. 149, 171, 350,431, 435f, 489

Carlson, D. H. 350 Carpenter, J. 248 Carr, R. E. 131, 172 Carslaw, H. S. 104 Carson, D. 181, 194 Cassini, J. 23, 69 Cassini, J. D. 16, 18, 23, 29f, 32,238-242 Castelli, J. P. 389, 398 Chandon, E. 70 Chandrasekhar, S. 79, 139-145, 172, 312 Chapman, D. R. 158f, 173, 351,410 Chekirda, A. T. 484 Chevalier, S. 348 Chistyakov, N. Yu. 485 Cimino, M. 425, 489 Clairaut, A. C. 12, 171 Clark, S. P. 98, 171 Clarke, D. 367f, 485 Clegg, P. E. 171,486 Clemence, G. M. 6, 14, 69 Coates, R. J. 388 Coblentz, W. W. 485 Coffman, M. L. 487, 490 Cohen, A. J. 489 Colburn, D. S. 155, 173 Colombo, G. 71 Colvin, B. H. X, XVII Conel, J. 363 Contopoulos, G. 61, 71 Copeland, J. 398, 486 Costain, C. H. 422, 486 Courant, R. 297 Coyne, G. V. 366, 485 Crookes, W. 250 Cross, C. A. 349f

Daguerre, L. J. M. 248f D'Alembert, J. 12,23 Daly, R. A. 350 Damoiseau, P. 12 Danby, J. M. A. 71 Danes, Z. F. 173, 351 Daniels, F. B. 486 Danielson, R. E. 365f, 485

Danjon, A. 357f, 370, 424f, 484f, 489 Darwin, G. H. 56, 61, 64, 66, 71 Davidson, A. W. 373f, 388, 390, 398 Davidson, M. E. 194, 196, 348 Davies, R. D. 389, 403, 487 Da Vinci, Leonardo 44 Davis, J. R. 41Of, 481, 486 Davis, W. M. 293 Delano, F. 6 Delaunay, C. E. 12 Denisse, J. F. 389 Derham, C. J. 437 Devadas, P. 350 De Witt, J. H. 404f, 486 Dicke, R. H. 390 Dietz, R. S. 350 Diggelen, J. van 222, 364, 424, 484 Dijk, Th. van 489 Dimitrienko, D. A. 388 Divini, E. 227, 233f Dobar, W. I. 468, 486 Dodd, Jr., R. T. XVI, 333, 351 Dodson, H. W. 173, 436, 489 Dolginov, S. S. 155, 173 Dollfus, A. 164, 173, 367f, 458, 485 Dollond, J. 42, 241 Dommanget, J. 196 Drake, F. D. 403, 412, 486 Draper, J. W. 249 Dreyer, J. L. E. 71, 487 Drofa, V. K. 71, 194, 348 Dubiago, Va. 42 Dubin, M. 453f Dubois, J. 426f, 485, 489 Duhamel, J. M. C. 120, 172 Dyce, R. B. 487 Dzhapiashvili, V. P. 368, 485

Ebeoglu, D. B. 489 Eckert, W. J. 14, 69 Eckhardt, D. H. 41, 71, 348 Edgington, J. A. 435, 489 Edwards, W. F. 173 Eggleton, R. E. 351 Eigen, J. M. 191 Eiger, T. G. 248 Elsasser, H. 453 Elsmore, B. 422, 486 Emanuelli, P. 349 Encke, J. H. 244 Epstein, P. S. 398, 486 Euler, L. 12f, 23 Evans, J. V. 404f, 407-411, 449, 486f Ezerski, V. 1. 331, 365

Fauth, P. H. 244, 248f Fedorets, V. A. 365, 484

519

520 THE MOON

Fedorov, V. T. 389 Fedoseev, L. N. 388 Fedynsky, V. V. 350 Fensler, W. E. 412, 481 Fessenkov, V. G. 163f, 173, 357, 362, 364, 368,

484f, Field, G. B. 71 Fielder, G. XVII, 349-351 Filice, A. L. 462, 485 Finlay, Miss Ellen B. IX Fiocco, G. 417, 486 Firsoff, V. A. 173 Fischer, I. 69 Fischer, J. 209 Fisher, O. 66 Flamm, E. J. 431, 433, 488f Fontana, F. 227, 23lf Forsyth, A. R. 391 Fortini, T. 425, 489 Foukal, P. 489 Fowler, W. A. 149 Franz,J. 42, 70,191,209 Fremlin, J. H. 486 Fresa, A. 425, 489 Fricker, P. E. 171,410 Fridland, M. V. 71, 171 Friedrichs, K. O. 297 Fritz, H. 431 Fudali, R. F. 486 Fujinami, S. 216 Fulmer, C. V. 297, 350, 486 Fung, A. K. 486

Gaitskell, J. N. 486 Galilei, G. 22, 69, 182,216, 225f, 232, 292, 326,

348f,364 Gallouet, L. 357, 365, 484 Gardner, F. F. 403, 487 Garstang, R. H. 398, 486 Gary, B. 388, 462 Gary, B. L. 485 Gassendi, P. 226 Gault, D. E. 154, 173, 210, 351, 453, 455, 459,

480,490 Gauss, K. F. 244 Gavrilov, I. V. 348 Geake, J. E. 437, 458, 485, 489 Gear, A. E. 486 Gehrels, T. 358f, 361, 366--368, 370, 424f, 484f,

489f Geoffrion, A. R. 383, 485 Gerstenkom, H. 64, 66f, 71, 470 Giacaglia, G. E. O. 71 Giamboni, L. A. 350 Gibson, J. E. 388, 398 Gilbert, G. K. 293, 311, 463, 490 Gilheany, J. J. 489

Gilvarry, J. J. 173,350,458,486 Gingerich, O. 71 Glaser, P. E. 486 Gold, L. 71 Gold, T. X, 173,295,350,461--463,487,490 Goldberg, L. 173 Goldreich, P. 71 Golner, V. J. 403 Gonzalez, J. L. 489 Goodacre, W. 248 Gorynia, A. A. 71,171,194,348 Goudas, C. L. 61, 71, 171, 191, 193f, 200,348 Gould, B. A. 250 Graff, K. 69, 71, 349, 484 Grainger, J. F. 426f, 489 Grannis, P. D. 487 Grebenkamper, C. J. 388 Greenacre, J. A. 429, 430, 432f, 488f Greenland, L. 173 Greer, R. 490 Grew, G. W. 460, 490 Grieg, D. D. 411, 413 Griffin, R. F. 489 Grimaldi, F. M. 235-237, 349 Grimm, H. 485 Groves, G. 71 Grubb, T. 250 Gruithuisen, F. P. 248, 293 Grushinski, N. P. 171 Gurtler, C. A. 460, 490

Habibullin, Sh. T. 40, 43, 70f, 171 Hacker, S. G. 350 Hackman, R. J. 294, 342, 346, 351 Haefner, R. R. 351 Hagfors, T. 403, 410, 486f Halajian, J. D. 490 Halley, E. 12, 231 Hansen, P. A. 12 Hapke, B. W. 173, 358, 361, 364, 368, 458,

484--486, 490 Hargreaves, J. K. 404f, 484, 486 Harper, A. F. A. 486 Hartmann, W. K. 254, 333-335, 337f, 351 Hartwig, E. 42, 70 Haser, L. 168 Hathaway, J. D. 191 Hawkins, G. S. 173, 209, 336, 350f, 452 Hayn, F. 30, 41--43, 70, 181, 194, 196,209,215 Hayre, H. S. 486 Heacock, R. L. 447 Heddle, D. W. O. 365, 485 Hedeman, E. R. 173, 436, 489 Heijden, Miss N. M. van der IX Heiles, C. E. 403, 412, 485f Heitowit, E. D. 210, 480 Henry, J. C. 407, 415, 447, 486

INDEX OF NAMES 521

Herring, J. R. 166, 173,487 Herschel, J. 248 Herschel, W. 293, 348,431-433, 487 Herzberg, G. 165, 488 Hess, W. N. 309, 350 Hevelius, J. 23, 69, 227, 232f, 235, 240, 241,

348f Hey, J. S. 404, 486 Hill, G. H. 12f, 56, 61 Hill, J. E. 350 Hinks, M. 6 Hinton, F. L. 173, 487 Hipparchos, 3, 5, lOf, 50f, 488 Hippel, A. von 397, 481 Hofsommer, D. J. 348 Holden, E. S. 250, 252 Hollingsworth, G. L. X, XVII Holmes, A. 65 Hooke, R. 292 Hopfield, J. J. 485 Hopmann, J. 42, 182, 348f, 424, 489 Hori, G. I. 14, 69 Houzeau, P. 349 Hughes, V. A. 304f, 410, 486 Hull, D. 403 Humboldt, A. von 294 Hunt, G. R. 486

Ingalls, J. 410 Ingham, M. F. 435, 453, 489 Ingrao, H. C. 486 Iriyama, J. 171

Jaeger, J. C. 104, 375, 399, 486, 490 Jaffe, L. D. 486, 490 Jager, C. de XVIII Jean-Pierre, J. 350 Jeans, J. H. 67 Jefferys, W. H. 61 Jeffreys, H. 35, 66, 71, 120, 126, 133, 141, 143,

171£ Jennison, R. C. 389 Johnson, F. 173 Johnston, R. 365, 485 Joksch, H. C. 348 Jones, G. D. 350 Jones, M. T. 219, 349, 365, 485 Jonsson, A. 70 Juday, R. D. 424 Julian, R. S. 418

Kaidanovsky, N. L. 388, 398 Kalinyak, A. A. 331 Kamenskaya, S. A. 388, 398 Kamionko, L. A. 331 Kant, I. 293 Kaplan, J. 488

Katterfeld, G. N. 350 Katz, A. 350 Katz, I. 486f Kaula, W. M. 71, 148, 173, 197, 348 Keenan, P. C. 484 Kepler, J. lOf, 18, 23, 32, 348 Kerr, F. J. 404f, 486 Khan, M. A. R. 488 King, E. S. 484 King-Hele, D. G. 197, 348 Kircher, P. 237 Kislyakov, A. G. 388 Klemperer, W. K. 409, 486 Klepesta, J. 254 Klinkerfuess, K. 242f Ko,389 Kobrin, N. A. 410 Kohan, E. K. 367f, 485 Kokurin, Yu. L. 418 Konig, R. 209, 252 Kondurar, V. T. 69 Kopal, Z. 14, 56f, 69, 71, 80, 82, 92, 95, 96-98,

102, 113, 116, 118, 123, 148, 171-173,217, 221, 254, 298, 320, 348-350, 358, 377-380, 392, 399, 428-430, 432, 434f, 447, 457, 465, 470f, 478, 486-490

Koschenko, V. N. 388 Kovach, R. L. 131, 172f Koziel, K. 16, 30, 34, 36f, 39-41, 43, 70f, 89,

172, 180 Kozyrev, N. A. 331, 426f, 432, 489 Krall, A. M. 351 Kramer, M. 485 Krasnov, A. V. 42, 70 Kreil, J. 69 Kreiter, T. J. 333, 351 Krieger, J. N. 252f Kristenson, H. 216 Krotikov, V. D. 375-377, 389, 394, 486 Ksanfomaliti, L. V. 368, 485 Kuiper, G. P. 254, 273, 350f, 463, 465f, 468,

490 Kuprevich, N. F. 485 Kviz, Z. 350

La Galla, I. C. 349 Lagrange, J. L. 12, 23, 31, 40, 42, 69 Lalande, J. A. de 23, 42, 69, 488 Lamar, D. L. 71,171 Lambert, J. H. 242 Landerer, J. J. 485 Langley, S. P. 373, 485 Langren, M. F. van 227-229, 231, 235, 237 Lanzano, P. 71 Laplace, P. S. 12, 23, 42 Lapwood, E. R. 172 Larson, H. K. 173

522 THE MOON

Leadabrand, R. L. 406, 408, 486 Lebedinsky, A. I. 365f, 429, 485 Leclerc, P. de 238 Lenham, A. P. 350 LeRoux, E. 389 Lettau, H. H. 490 Levin, B. Ya, 96, 98, 171,350 Levin, L. 413 Licht, A. L. 166, 173, 487 Lichtenberg, A. 241 Lin, N. C. 173, 486 Lincoln, J. H. X Lingenfelter, R. E. 351, 431, 433, 488f Link, F. 370, 422, 425f, 485f, 489 Linsky, J. L. 486 Lipsky, Yu. N. 18, 257, 350,484 Loewy, ~. 181, 209, 250, 252, 254 Lohrmann, W. G. 243f, 246, 348 Lorell, J. 348 Losovsky, B. Ya. 388,486 Love, A. E. H. 111 Lovering, J. E. 173 Low, F. J. 373f, 388, 390, 398, 485 Lowan, A. N. 93, 120, 121, 17lf, 378 Lowman, P. D. 173 Lubbock, C. A. 12, 488 Lynn, V. L. 409-411, 446, 486 Lyon, R. J. P. 486 Lyot, B. 164, 173, 254, 367-369, 425, 485 Lyttleton, R. A. 56, 71, 171

~acDonald, G. J. F. 64-67, 71,96,98, 171,470 MacDonald, T. L. 349 Miidler, J. H. 243, 245f, 249, 349 Maffei, P. 349 Magellan, J. H. de 487 Magnolia, L. R. XVI Mainka, C. 182, 348 Makover, S. G. 40, 71 Malapert, C. 226, 349 Malvasia, C. 237f Manno, F. F. 173 Marcus, A. H. 351 ~arkov, A. V. 350, 363, 484 ~arshall, C. H. 351 Marshall, R. 149 Marti, K. 154, 173 Martin, J. J. 485 Martynov, D. Ya. 357, 484 Maslowski, J. 40, 71 Mason, A. C. XVI Matsui, M. 252 Matsushima, S. 425, 489 Matveyev, Yu. G. 486, 490 Mayer, C. H. 388 Mayer, T. 23, 69, 209, 241-244,246, 348 Mayeva, S. V. 96, 171

McCord, T. B. 427, 489 McCracken, C. W. 453f ~cDonald, A. J. X ~cGann, J. 171 ~cGillem, C. D. 351 ~c~ath, R. R. 349 ~cQueen, R. G. 304 ~echain, ~. 487 ~edd, W. J. 388 ~elchior, P. 89, 171 ~ellan, C. 226f, 238-240 ~erifield, P. 71 ~ertz, L. 486 Messmer, J. H. 486 Metcalfe, R. 490 Meyer, D. L. 191 Mezger, P. G. 389, 398, 486 Micanzio, P. F. 232 Michael, W. H. 348 Michel, F. C. 173 Middlehurst, B. ~. 431, 489 ~idgley, J. E. 173 Mietelski, J. 40, 71 ~iethe, A. 484 ~ihalov, J. D. 173 Mikhail, J. S. 366, 485 Mikhailov, A. A. 171,257 ~ikhailovsky, A. N. 42, 70 Milford, S. N. 173,489 ~iller, B. P. 350f ~illman, G. H. 486 Mills, G. A. 69, 191, 193, 195, 348, 349 Minnaert, M. J. G. 349, 364,484 ~innett, H. C. 388, 390, 392, 398, 485f ~itchell, F. F. 388, 398 ~iyamoto, S. 252 ~ofenson, J. 404 ~ontanari, G. 237f ~oore, E. 254 ~oore, R. K. 486 ~oran, C. D. 403 ~oroz, V. 366 Morrow, W. R. 410 Morse, S. 417 Morvan, M. C. Le 252 ~oser, J. 61 ~oulton, F. R. 63, 305 ~outsoulas, M. D. 40, 71 ~uhleman, D. O. 6, 486 ~uller, P. ~. 199-202, 311, 348, 463 ~iiller, P. 209 ~uncey, R. 486 ~unk, W. 65 ~urray, B. C. 404f, 485f ~yronova, ~. ~. 427, 489

Nakada, ~. P. 173

INDEX OF NAMES 523

Nash, D. B. 350, 435, 458, 489 Nasmyth, J. 248 Naumann, H. 42, 70 Naumov, A. I. 388 Nazarova, T. N. 490 Nechvile, V. 59, 71 Nefediev, A. A. 43, 70f, 171, 181, 194,215 Neilson, E. 248 Nelson, J. D. 490 Ness, N. F. 173, 489 Neugebauer, M. 155, 173 Newcomb, S. 6 Newton, I. 9-12, 23, 42, 69, 292 Ney, E. P. 427, 489 Nicholson, S. B. 373, 382, 485 Nicollet, P. 69, 209 Nikonova, E. 484 Nininger, H. H. 158, 173 Nordyke, M. D. 307, 309, 337, 350, 480 Noyes, J. C. X, XVIII Null, G. W. 6, 69

Oberbeck, V. R. 490 O'Brian, E. D. 485 O'Brien, B. 485 Odelevsky, V. I. 413 Oetking, P. 484f O'Keefe, J. A. 69, 171, 173,350 Olbers, J. G. 349 Opik, E. J. 71, 159, 166f, 169, 173, 333, 351,

364, 418f, 432, 455, 484f, 487, 490 Oppolzer, Th. von 54, 71 Orlova, N. S. 484 Ornatskaya, O. I. 171 Oro, J. 160, 173 Orszag, A. G. 418 Ovenden, W. M. 71

Palm, A. 173, 351, 489 Parenago, P. P. 484 Parsons, W. 369, 373, 485 Partridge, W. S. 350 Patigny, L. de 238 Peacock, K. 366, 485 Peiresc, L. 226 Pekeris, C. L. 135 Petrova, N. N. 484, 485 Pettengill, G. H. 404, 407-411, 415f, 447, 449,

486,487 Pettit, E. 373, 382, 485 Pickering, W. H. 252 Piddington, J. H. 173, 388, 390, 392, 398, 485f Piotrowski, S. L. 351 Pither, C. M. 350 Plana, P. 12 Platt, J. R. 484 Plechkov, V. M. 388

Plummer, H. C. 71 Plutarch, 53 Pogo, A. XVI Pogson, J. H. 488 Pohn, H. A. 349, 424, 484f Poisson, S. D. 12, 23 Pontecoulant, A. M. de, 12 Porfirev, V. S. 389 Potter, H. I. 196, 348 Prey, A. 348 Pritchard, H. 70 Przybyllok, E. G. H. 181 Ptolemy, 11, 225 Puiseux, P. H. 70,181,209,252,254, 312, 323

342

Quaide, W. L. 350, 490

Rackham, T. W. 254, 349f, 428-430, 432, 434f, 485,488f

Radlova, L. N. 484 Rae, W. L. 350 Rayleigh, J. W. 145 Razin, V. A. 389 Rea, D. G. 486 Reade, J. B. 250 Reidel, A. VIII Reynolds, J. H. 149 Riccioli, G. B. 23, 69, 227, 235, 237, 349 Richter, N. 168 Rifaat, A. S. 349f Righini, A. 489 Rigutti, M. 489 Rindfleisch, T. 349 Ring, J. 426f, 489 Ritchey, G. W. 209 Ritter, H. 182, 191, 348 Roberts, W. A. 297, 350, 430, 485, 489 Roelof, E. C. 387, 486 Rohlfs, D. C. 41Of, 481, 486 Ronca, L. B. 350f, 490 Rose, F. L. 486 Rosenberg, H. 484 Rosse, Lord, see W. Parsons Rougier, G. 357, 362, 424, 484 Roy, A. E. 71,197,348 Ruffin, B. W. 191 Riikl, A. X, 254, 257, 261 Runcorn, S. K. 172f Ruskol, E. L. 71 Russell, H. N. 75 Rutherford, L. M. 250 Ryadov, V. Ya. 485 Ryan, J. A. 382, 456, 462, 490

Saari, J. 372f, 381-385, 390, 416f, 485, 486 Sabaneyev, P. F. 297

524 THE MOON

Safronov, V. S. 171f Sagan, C. 173 Sagitov, M. V. 171 Salet, P. 485 Salisbury, J. W. XVI, 329f, 350, 486, 490 Salomonovich, A. E. 388 Salvat, C. 226 Sanduleak, N. 489 Saunder, S. A. 187, 191, 209, 248, 348 Scarfe, C. D. 427, 489 Scheiner, P. C. 226f, 349, 484 SchlUter, K. 42, 70 Schmidt, J. 246f, 349 Schmidt, J. F. J. 243f, 246-248 Schoenberg, E. 364, 484 Schroter, J. H. 242, 348f Schrutka-Rechtenstamm, G. van 42, 187, 191,

193, 209 Schuring, D. J. 490 Schurmeier, H. M. 69 Schutten, J. 489 SchwarzschiId, K. 98 Schyrlaeus de Rheita, A. M. de 227, 230f Scott, R. F. 351,490 Secchi, A. 250, 367, 485 See, T. J. J. 461, 490 Seeger, C. L. 389 Seegert, B. 484 Selig, T. V. 486 Senior, T. B. A. 410, 486 Shain, C. A. 405, 486 Shakirov, K. S. 171 Sharonov, V. V. 484 Shchegolov, D. Ya. 350 Shchuko, O. B. 375-377, 394, 486 Shimazu, Y.171, 351 Shoemaker, E. M. 294, 296f, 305, 319,334, 337f,

342, 346, 350f, 490 ShorthiII, R. W. 370, 373, 381-385, 390, 416f,

485f Sida, D. W. 350 Sidran, M. 489 Siegel, K. M. 410, 486 Singer, S. F. 166f, 169, 173,419,457,487 Sinton, W. M. 373, 383, 395, 398, 416, 485f Siroky, J. 489 Sirsalis, C. 237 Sitter, W. de 14 Sjorgen, W. L. 7, 201£, 311, 348,463 Smalley, V. G. XVI Smith, B. G. 486 Smoluchowski, R. 490 Smullin, L. D. 417, 486 Soboleva, N. S. 403, 486 Sonett, C. P. 155, 173 Sorokin, N. A. 71 Spencer Jones, H. 6

Spinrad, H. 427, 489 Spitzer, L. 162, 433 Spradley, L. H. 254 Stacey, J. 398 Staelin, D. H. 388 Stair, R. 365, 485 Stanyukovich, K. P. 305, 350 Stebbins, J. 484 Sterne, T. E. 370 Stewart, J. Q. 350 Stickels, M. C. X Stock, J. 489 Stodola, E. K. 404f, 486 Strassl, H. 389, 398,486 Stratton, F. J. M. 70 Strezhneva, K. M. 388 Strom, R. G. 173,351 Sucksdorf, E. 173 Sudbury, P. V. 191, 193, 267, 348f Sun, K. H. 489 Sutton, G. H. 171 Swings, P. 168, 432 Sytinskaya, N. M. 484f Szebehely, V. 71

Taeusch, D. R. 173, 487 Takeuchi, H. 130f, 172 Tapscott, J. W. 254 Tassel, R. A. van XVI, 366, 485 Tchunko, H. P. A. 484 Teyfel, V. G. 425, 484 Thales, 3, 44 Thompson, T. W. 415f, 447, 486f Thost, E. J. 252 Tisserand, F. 14, 29, 69, 71 Titchmarsh, E. C. 75 Titus Livius, 53 Tozer, D. C. 173 Trask, N. J. 351 Trew, J. R. XVI Trexler, J. H. 404f, 409, 486 Troitsky, V. S. 388, 413, 486 Turkevich, A. L. 153f, 173 Turner, G. 217, 220, 313, 483 Turski, W. 333 Tyler, C. L. 398

Ulinich, F. R. 173 Urey, H. C. 71, 90-92, 95-97, 133f, 149, 152,

154, 156, 158-160, 170-173, 204, 293f, 305, 311, 331, 338, 350f, 463, 490

Vand, V. 173 Van Fleet, H. B. 350 Van Horn, H. 364, 484 Varsavsky, C. M. 173 Vaucouleurs, G. de 370, 485

Vening Meinesz, F. A. 348 Very, F. 373, 485, 490 Vigroux, E. 484 Vogel, U. 173 Vogt, H. 75 V61kel, M. 70 Vortman, L. J. 350

Waak, J. A. 389 Wainio, K. M. 489 Walker, E. H. 173,351,457,487, 489f Warner, B. 350 Warren, C. R. 173, 468 Warren de la Rue, C. 70, 250 Wasiutynski, J. 140f, 144, 312, 323 Watson, G. N. 107 Watson, K. 173, 330 Watts, C. B. 43, 181, 194, 196,215 Wattson, R. B. 365f, 485f Webb, D. H. 404 Wechsler, A. E. 486 Weil, H. 173, 487 Weimer, Th. 43, 70, 181, 194, 215 Weinek, L. 250-252 Wells, J. W. 65 Wentworth, R. C. 173 Werner, M. 173 Wesselink, A. J. 375, 398, 486

INDEX OF NAMES

Whipple, J. A. 249, 453, 459 Whitaker, E. A. 254, 350, 462 Whitehurst, R. N. 388, 398 Whitfield, G. R. 422, 486 Whitwell, T. 216 Wichmann, M. 42, 70 Wildey, R. L. 349,424,427,484-487 Wilkins, H. P. 248 Wilsing, J. 484 Wilson, A. T. 158, 331, 350 Wilson, J. 173 Winnecke, P. 70 Winter, D. F. 486 Wislicenus, W. F. 229 Wolbach, J. G. 370, 485 Wolf, E. 400f, 403 Wolf, R. A. 173, 349 Wood, R. W. 149, 484 Woodside, W. 486 Wright, F. E. 484f

Yakovkin, A. A. 43, 70, 187, 196,348 Yaplee, B. S. 5, 404f Yezerski, V. I. 484

Zelinskaya, M. R. 388 Zeller, E. J. 490 Zharkov, V. N. 173

525