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Postgresql East 2010
Philadephia, PA
Databases – A Historical Perspective
WHO AM I?
Brent FriedmanSenior Solutions Consultant
Cincom Systems, [email protected]
Databases – A Historical Perspective
What is a database?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
The earliest computers weren’t sufficiently complex to entertain the idea of a free-standing database. Data was directly linked with the application in memory at the time.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1950s
DATABASE – NETWORK MODEL
CODASYL
References to data are through low-level pointers. Adding or changing a database required considerable reworking of the storage mechanism.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1960s
DATABASE – HIERARCHICAL MODEL
IBM’s IMS
These databases allow only 1:1 or 1:many relationships. Such databases can be incredibly fast, but are not well suited to hold disparate types of information.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1960s
Name a hierarchical database system that is still in everyday use around the world.
Hint: What contact information about people do YOU store right now?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
DATABASE TRIVIA
Around 1964, the term "data base" was "coined by workers in military information systems to denote collections of data shared by end-users of time sharing computer systems." In earlier days, each application had its own "master files" of data, so the concept of a data collection that could be shared by multiple applications was a new idea in efficiency.
http://www.snee.com/bobdc.blog/2005/12/25-years-of-database-history-s-1.html
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1964
Databases – A Historical Perspective
http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/HistoryPt4.htm
TIMELINE: 1967
Databases – A Historical Perspective
The term “memory bank” enters, and soon (thankfully) leaves, the English language.
1969…
Was not just about the counter-culture. But things
were about to happen…
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE: 1970
Edgar F. Codd, commonly cited as E. F. Codd, published a paper on something he called “Relational Database Theory”
Databases – A Historical Perspective
http://www.ibiblio.org/jelkner/IntroToIT/database_lesson.html
Codd, continued
Codd’s revolutionary idea did not focus on the relational algebra, but rather on how
the data should be addressed. His theory separated the schema from the storage
mechanism.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
RDBMS – What’s that?
A relational database management system is ultimately based on E. F.
Codd’s theories.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1970sRDBMS – Path 1
The Ingres Group:Ingres; Sybase; MS Sql Server; and
something called Postgres…
These used the QUEL language
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1970sRDBMS – Path 2
The (IBM) System R Group:DB2; Oracle; Nonstop SQL
These used the SQL language
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE - 1976
Peter Chen proposed the Entity-Relationship diagram
(ERD), which is still sometimes called a “Chen
diagram”
Databases – A Historical Perspective
ERD – Chen Diagram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model
Databases – A Historical Perspective
ERDs and so on
There are a multitude of design practices, modelling
tools, and even variations on how to diagram relational
data.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
To avoid tomato throwing, insinuations about lineage,
and general bodily harm, we will avoid a direct discussion of specific schools of thought in the area of relational data
representation.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
If you really need a hint…
Database Design Studio
Lite or Pro versions
www.chillisource.com
Databases – A Historical Perspective
http://www.thespeciousreport.com/2006/06060222comedy.html
database design tool
TIMELINE – 1980s
The QUEL branch of RDBMS suffers a horrible boating accident, and is not heard
from again.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1980s
SQLStructured Query Language
becomes the de facto standard among all relational
database products.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
SQL – The Real Image
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – mid 1980s
The rise of the personal computer (PC) issues in a host
of new ‘personal’ relational databases:
Paradox; Dbase III; RBASE; etc.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – early 1990s
The trend toward 4GL (4th generation languages) leads
to visual front-ends for personal databases:Powerbuilder; Oracle
Developer;and even early MS VB
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE - 1990
Some geek named Tim Berners-Lee, or “Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, OM, KBE,
FRS, FREng, FRSA” for all you Brits, proposed mating
hypertext with the early Internet.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – mid 1990s
This “World Wide Web” thing really catches on, once Al
Gore let everybody know they could do something with their
dial-up modems besides playing DECWar at the local
university.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – late 1990s
Relational databases become so ubiquitous that even your mother knows what “DBA”
means.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 1995ish
Graduate students Andrew Yu and Jolly Chen revise
Postgres’s query language, POSTQUEL, to use SQL, and
call it Postgres95…
http://www.postgresql.org/about/history
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2000s
Object databases, although they have been around for a while, start to get noticed by
non-geeks.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
The role of object databases in “SKYNET” has not yet been
determined…
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2005
Columnar databases find a growing audience in the “need for speed” crowd.
While probably still a niche segment, products such as
Monet are increasing in popularity.
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE -2008
Sun Microsystems acquires MySQL
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2009
The rise of distributed systems inspires the NoSQL movement – rejection of traditional RDBMS systems for distributed data structures, such as Apache
Hadoop
Databases – A Historical Perspective
TIMELINE – 2010
Will cloud computing gain ground on traditional IT infrastructure
models?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
Questions?
Comments?
Databases – A Historical Perspective
END OF
PART ONE
Databases – A Historical Perspective