BUSSINESS ON STANDARD GAS MIXTUREIN INDONESIA: PROSPECTS AND

CHALLENGE

Oman Zuas, Harry Budiman, Hery Haerudin, Achmad Hanafi S.

Research Centre for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute Of SciencesKawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Banten 15314 Indonesia

6th Workshop of APMP/TCQM Gas Analysis Working Group on Present Progress in Gas Metrology

May 19-23, 2008Daejeon, Korea

ABSTRACT

Standard gas mixture is very important material to ensure the quality of measurement of gas component in order to get a valid and accurate result as well as internationally acceptable which is traceable to reference standard at higher levels, ending at the primary standard. In Indonesia, the need of standard gas mixture for industrial and environmental purposes is rapidly increasing. This report presents a short report with regard to the problem acquiring standard gas mixture in Indonesia. Prospective of business and challenging on the development of standard gas mixture in Indonesia are also highlight.

Keywords: standard gas mixture, industrial, environmental,

laboratory

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia has almost 190 trillion cubic feet (CTF) of natural gas reserves (proven and probable), the thirteenth largest in the world. In the 2004, the country produced 3.03 trillion cubic feet of gas and supplied 19 percent of world’s liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG accounts for 43 percent of the country’s natural gas production and is exported mainly to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Revenues gasesfrom exports are substantial $ 8.1 billion in 2004, about 11 percent of Indonesia’s total export revenues. Indonesia still maintains its lead as the world’s top LNG exporter until now. Domestically, gas demand comes primarily from fertilizer and petrochemical plants (34 percent) and the power industry (25 percent). The quality product of gas has become the most important thing that affect to the revenues fromnatural gas export in international market. The quality assurances of gas product depend on the quality of measurement result to determine the gases component contained in natural gas which is carried out by the quality control laboratory of natural gas industry. The European Union (EU) data showed that the 1 % error in natural gas measurement caused the loss approximately 1 billion Euros per year in market [4].

In this case, the laboratory has to perform the quantitative analytical measurement which is a critical component in achieving accuracy in laboratory and manufacturing application that include petrochemical process and natural gas producing. Where the measurement instruments are not calibrated, there is no certainty in the measurements conducted. Therefore, the material called standard gas mixture as calibration standard is needed to ensure the quality of measurement of gas component in order to get a valid and accurate result as well as internationally acceptable which is traceable to reference standard at higher levels, ending at the primary standard as required in the ISO Guide 25 (currently ISO 17025:2005), Fig . The standard gas mixture establishes a known analyzer response to a certified gas component concentration. This enables sample response to be converted to a concentration whose accuracy can be determined [1].

INTRODUCTION (cont.)

In the other hand, the standard gas mixture for achieving reliable measurement is needed by not only the laboratory in natural gas industry but also the accreditation environmental laboratory in gas analysis area. The global warming issue has become great concern in recent days. The air pollution generated by the gas emission of vehicle, factory chimney etc is the main cause of this phenomenon. So that the accredited environmental laboratory especially in gas analysis area has taken key role in monitoring the concentration of gas emission in air such as CO, CO2, NO2, NO, SO2 etc. This monitoring and analysis have to achieve the accurate and reliable results in order to give the exact information to the public and the exact input to the government for deciding the action and policy regarding the environmental controlling [2,3].

INTRODUCTION (cont.)

PROBLEM ACQUIRING STANDARD GAS MIXTURE

1.At present, the National Metrology Institute (NMI) is established in Indonesia only for physical measurements such as mass, temperature, pressure etc; however the NMI of chemical measurements is not available yet. So that the need of referencestandard likes standard gas mixture is still obtained from the accredited standard gas producer and the NMI abroad.

2.The purchasing of standard gas mixture from abroad need high cost (tax import, shipping cost) besides the standard gas mixture itself is very expensive.

3.Normally, the ordered process of standard gas mixture from abroad takes a long time because some aspects has to be considered such as delivery time, available stock (ready in stock or not), the custom process etc.

4.The stability of standard gas mixture is limited. The standard gas mixtures have a vary self-life reported in certificate of analysis where it depends on the kind of gases and the technology of the supplier [1]. In this case, the laboratory has to be perfectly considered the self-life of standard gas mixture with the time consuming in ordered process so that the standard gas mixture can be well used in measurements.

PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER

Natural Gas ProducerAccredited Gas Testing LaboratorySpecial Gas Company

PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)Major Producers of Natural Gas in Indonesia (source: BPMIGAS)

100%3030132TOTAL

0.69%20,911Others15

0.78%23,617Sidoarjo, East JavaLapindo14

0.28%8,355East JavaKodeco13

0.62%18,813Papua, Irian JayaCNOOC/YPF/Maxus12

1.86%56,357Nusa Tenggara TimurPremier/Amoseas11

1.24%37,520South SumateraExspan10

1.15%34,757RiauCaltex9

2.43%73,668Energy8

10.54%319,317Grissik, JambiConoco Phillips7

4.10%124,199BontangUnocal6

12.67%383,870West JavaPertamina5

6.01%182,209West Java, PapuaBP4

10.87%329,511BontangVico3

16.74%507,096AcehExxon Mobil2

30.03%909,932BontangTotal1

%MMSCF

TOTAL PRODUCTION OFNATURAL GAS (2004)LOCATIONCOMPANYNO

stateSurabaya, East JavaSO2, NOX, CO, O3

Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA Surabaya9

stateMedan, North SumateraSO2, NOX, CO, O3Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA Medan8

stateBalongan, West Java

Pentene, pentane, nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, CO, methane, ethylene, ethane, cyclo-propane, actylene, methyl acetylene, C4 hydrocarbons

Unit Pengolahan VI PERTAMINA, Balongan7

stateDumai, RiauoctaneUnit Pengolahan II PERTAMINA, Dumai6

statePlaju, PalembangoctaneUnit Pengolahan III PERTAMINA,Plaju5

stateJakartaNO2, SO2, H2S, OX

Unit Pelaksana Teknis Laboratorium Lingkungan Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Hidup Propinsi DKI Jakarta4

privateBontang, East Kalimantan

emision gases (CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, NOX, O2, NH3-N)PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur3

stateJakartaNatural GasLaboratory of Process PPPTMBG LEMIGAS2

privateJakartaemision gasesPT. Sawu Indonesia 1

OWNEDLOCATIONTESTINGLABORATORYNO

PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)

Accredited Gas Testing Laboratory in Indonesia

privateJakartaemision gasesPT. Suar Adhika Wahana Ujindo18

privateJakartaemision gases SO2, NOX, H2S, NH3

Laboratorium Pengujian Emisi P Yamaha Indonesia Motor, Mfg17

stateJakartanatural gas

Laboratorium Teknologi Gas - Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi16

privateJakartaSO2, NOX, H2S, NH3PT. Astra International, Tbk15

statecepu, center of JavaoctanePusdiklat Minyak dan Gas Bumi Cepu14

privateBatamliquid natural gasPT Sucofindo (persero)13

stateBogor, west JavaNH3, NO2, SO2

Laboratorium Terpadu Institut PertanianBogor12

stateSemarang, SO2, NOX, CO, O3

Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA Semarang11

state

Palangkaraya, center of KalimantanSO2, NOX, CO, O3

Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA Palangkaraya10

OWNEDLOCATIONTESTINGLABORATORYNO

PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)

Accredited Gas Testing Laboratory in Indonesia

Source: Directory of Testing and Calibration Laboratory, KAN-BSN, 2003)

PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)Special Gas Company in Indonesia

Jakarta, Bandung, Karawang, Bekasi,Jaya Gas Indonesia PT15

GresikTira Austenite PT Tbk Div Gas29

BekasiIwatani Industrial Gas Indonesia PT14

BandungTasman Gases28JakartaIndomita Paragon PT13

SurabayaSumber Sejati Gas Raya PT27JakartaDaya Elgas Corporation PT12

JakartaSumber Gas26JakartaBuana Nittanindo Gas PT11

PadangSumatera Olah Gas Industri PT25Jakarta, BekasiBOC Gases Indonesia PT10

Tanjung Uban, MenadoSubur Intisurya Gas PT24JakartaBeta Gasindo Agung PT9

BekasiSentra Multigas Utama PT23JakartaBangadua Petroleum PT8

Jakarta, Surabaya, BekasiSamator Gas Industri PT22SurabayaBandung General Gas Supply UD7

BekasiPraxair Indonesia PT21BekasiAneka Gases General6

BatamNational Industrial Gases Indonesia PT20KendariAneka Gas Industri PT5

Banjarbaru, BanjarmasinMulti Guna Gas PT19JakartaAmalgam Indocorpora PT4

Gedangan, Lawang, MalangMolindo Inti Gas PT18

Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Samarinda, Tegal, Semarang, Gresik, BekasiAir Products Indonesia PT3

KarawangMitra Guna Gas PT17JakartaAdijaya Prima Perkasa PT2

PalembangKalindo Matesu Goautama Gas PT16Jakarta, Cilegon, BekasiAir Liquide Indonesia PT1

LOCATIONCOMPANYNOLOCATIONCOMPANYNO

CHALLENGING ON DEVELOPMENT STANDARD GAS MIXTURE

1. The metrology in chemistry is still developed in Indonesia. Research Centre for Chemistry-Indonesian Institute of Sciences has taken responsible in development of this area in order to support the National Metrology Institute in Indonesia.

2. The high investment is needed to establish the National Metrology Institute in chemistry area. Some equipments, facilities, and laboratory building has to be provided to support the chemistry metrology in Indonesia especially in development of standard gas mixture such as mass comparator, gas chromatography, gases mixer, homogenizer, cylinders, represented laboratory for preparation standard gas mixture etc.

3. The scientific and technical capabilities in preparation of standard gas mixture have to be developed. The preparation of standard gas mixture requires a high degree expertise. Therefore, the skill of human resources especially analytical expertise is necessary to be enhanced related to this area [3].

ACTIVITY ON DEVELOPMENT STANDARD GAS MIXTURE

The good prospect of development of standard gas mixture in Indonesia, as already explained, has encouraged Research Centre for Chemistry-Indonesian Institute of Sciences to start gas metrology research activity on the beginning of 2007 with initial strategic by developing laboratory infrastructure to support overall activities related to the gas metrology. The main goal to be reached at the end of the project is to establish long-term foundations for gas metrological infrastructure in Indonesia to anticipate and meet the gas measurement traceability needs of companies, research laboratories, test laboratories and organizations in the wider community.

CONCLUSION

• The development of standard gas mixture have good prospect in Indonesia together with the developing of natural gas process for energy and fuel supply either in state industry or in private industry, and with the need of accredited gas testing laboratory to achieve the quality of measurement.

• The Research Centre for Chemistry-Indonesian Institute of Sciences has started the development of gas mixture activity on the beginning of 2007 to support overall activities related to the gas metrology with developing of not only laboratory infrastructure but also the sciences and technical capabilities of human resources.

REFERENCES

1. Geib, R.C., 2005, Calibration Standard Gases are Key to Reliable Measurements

2. Howarth, P., Redgrave, F., 2003, Metrology in Short, Second Edition, EUROMET

3. Sumardi, 2007, Use, Need, and Development of Reference Materials in Indonesia, 2nd APMP TCQM-DEC International Workshop & Symposium and 2007 National Conference on Metrology in chemistry Proceedings.

4. Anonymous, 2006, Petroleum Report 2005-2006, Embassy of the United of States of America, Jakarta

5. Anonymous, 2003, Directory of Testing and Calibration Laboratory, KAN-BSN