Post-Secondary Graduation Research - ECO Canada · Post-Secondary Student Information System: Statistics Canada’s Post-Secondary Student Information System (PSIS) is a good source

Post-Secondary Graduation Research: Enrolment and Graduation Rates from

Environment-Related College and University Programs

F I N A L R E P O R T

E C O C A N A D A

ECO Canada develops programs that help individuals build meaningful

environmental careers, provides employers with resources to find and keep the

best environmental practitioners, and informs educators and governments of

employment trends to ensure the ongoing prosperity of this growing sector.

L A B O U R M A R K E T R E S E A R C H

ECO Canada Labour Market Research investigates current environmental skill and

labour trends within the environmental profession and provides up-to-date, timely

and relevant insights that can be applied in policy, business, and educational contexts.

The complete collection of reports is available at www.eco.ca.

1

Table of Contents

3 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

3 Research Objectives

4 SECTION 2: METHODOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

4 Data Source

4 Identifying Programs of Study

4 Changes to Methodology

5 SECTION 3: FINDINGS

5 3.1 UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS

5 3.1.1 University Enrolment and Graduation of all Learners from Environment-Related Programs

6 3.1.2 University Enrolment in Environment-Related Programs

8 3.1.3 University Graduation in Environment-Related Programs

10 3.2 COLLEGE PROGRAMS

10 3.2.1 College Enrolment and Graduation of all Learners from Environment-Related Programs

11 3.2.2 College Enrolment in Environment-Related Programs

13 3.2.3 College Graduation from Environment-Related Programs

15 SECTION 4: CONCLUSIONS

16 REFERENCES

16 DATA SOURCES

18 APPENDIX

18 Table A.1

25 Table A.2

26 Table A.3

2

3

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

In this report, we conduct similar analyses to that provided in

ECO Canada’s 2008 study of enrolment and graduation rates

among all students of college and university environment-

related programs3,4 where the data has permitted. The

following questions are addressed:

1. What are current and historical trends in university and

college enrolment and graduation rates for environment-

related programs as a proportion of all programs?

2. What is the distribution of university and college

enrolment and graduation rates for environment-related

programs as a proportion of all programs in the province/

territory?

3. What is the current distribution of university and college

enrolment and graduation rates of environment-related

programs?

4. What is the rate of change for college and university

enrolment and graduation of select environment-related

programs of study?

ECO Canada would like to thank the Canadian Council on

Learning for conducting the research and analyzing the data

collected throughout the project.

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

According to a 2007 report produced by

ECO Canada, one of the most critical issues

facing Canada’s environmental sector is a

shortage of skilled labour to fill the growing

demand for environmental employees.1

As this report outlines, the demand for

environmental employees specifically was

expected to increase by 1.6% between 2006

and 2011. By contrast, employment in all

industries was expected to increase by 1.4%.

Compounding the issue, forecast models

reported by Human Resources and Social

Development Canada (HRSDC) predict that

about 65.9% of job openings between 2006

and 2015 are expected to be in occupations

usually requiring post-secondary education

(university, college, or apprenticeship

training) and in management occupations in

all industries.2 This forecast further suggests

increased difficulties in attracting qualified

workers to the environmental sector.

1 ECO Canada. (2007). Labour Market Transition: A Remedy for Labour Shortages in the Environment. Environmental Labour Market (ELM) Research, Environmental Careers Organization of Canada: Calgary, AB.

2 Lapointe, M., Dunn, K., Tremblay-Cote, N., Bergeron, L-P., & Ignaczak, L. (2006). Looking-Ahead: A 10-Year Outlook for the Canadian Labour Market (2006-2015). Gatineau, QC: Human Resources and Social Development Canada.

3 ECO Canada. (2008a). College Graduation Trends for Environment-Related Programs, 2002-2005. Environmental Labour Market (ELM) Research. Calgary, AB: Author.

4 ECO Canada. (2008b). University Graduation and Enrolment for Environment-Related Programs 1999-2005. Environmental Labour Market (ELM) Research. Calgary, AB: Author.

4

This section describes the Statistics Canada data sources that

were used to address the research objectives.

Data Source

Post-Secondary Student Information System:

Statistics Canada’s Post-Secondary Student Information System

(PSIS) is a good source for enrolment and graduation rates

for learners of all programs of study, including environment-

related programs. Although PSIS began in 2000, it is not

yet fully implemented, meaning that not all post-secondary

institutions are reporting data. PSIS data was used for

reporting the provincial/territorial distribution and for tracking

trends between 2000 and 2007 for university enrolments

and graduates. PSIS college graduation data are not available

beyond 2004 and enrolment data are not available beyond

2005. Key terms used by the PSIS are defined below.

Enrolment

“Counts of the number of enrolments within each

program offered. Each student enrolled within each

program is counted. If a student is enrolled in two

programs, then this is counted as two program

enrolments.”

Graduate

“Counts of the number of graduates within each program

offered at an institution. Each student that has graduated

from each program is counted. If a student has graduated

in two programs, then this is counted as two graduates.”

Identifying Programs of Study

Programs of study were identified and grouped using Statistics

Canada’s Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)5. [1]

The CIP is designed to classify ‘instructional programs’ by ‘field

of study’. For the purposes of this study, the second CIP level,

known as the “subseries”, was used to group programs that

have comparable content and objectives. Programs of study

related to the environment (Table A.1 in Appendix A) and some

specific environment-related programs (Table A.2 in Appendix

A) were identified and used for analysis in this report.

Changes to Methodology

Previous ECO Canada reports published in 2008 identified

27 college and 20 university environment-related programs

in Canada that prepare environmental professionals (with

overlap between college and university programs). Some

programs that seemed environment-related had been

excluded and other programs that did not seem related to

the environment were included. Of note, the previous 2008

college report produced by ECO Canada did not use PSIS

data, but obtained data from provincial/ territorial reports,

and where no such report was available, by contacting

individual institutions.

The decision was made to identify and select programs of

study without recurrence to previous ECO Canada reports

(presented in Table A.1 in Appendix A). However, because

the programs identified and selected for analysis differ

between previous ECO Canada reports and this one, it is not

possible to draw any direct comparisons between the two

reports. This is fortunately not a significant problem because

PSIS college and university data was available from 2000

and was used for conducting trend analyses.

SECTION 2: METHODOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

5 The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) was developed in 1980 by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) in the United States and is used as a standard in both countries.

5

Figure 1Why University enrolment and graduation rates for environment-related

programs as a proportion of all programs (2000 - 2007)

Source: Statistics Canada. Post-Secondary Student Information System. Custom tabulations.

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

20072006200520042003200220012000

12.6%

11.5%10.7% 10.5% 10.1% 9.7% 9.9% 10.2%

8.9%8.4% 8.4% 8.5% 8.8% 8.8% 9.1%

9.9%

Enrolments

Graduates

3.1 UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS

3.1.1 University Enrolment and Graduation of all Learners from Environment-Related Programs

Enrolment in environment-related programs increased 40.1%

between 2000 and 2007, while enrolment in all programs

increased 25.4% over the same time period.

Environmental-related program graduation grew 10.9%

from 2000 to 2007. However, environment-related

programs represent a lower proportion of the total

graduation rate in 2007 than in 2000.

Figure 1 shows university enrolment and graduation trends

between 2000 and 2007 for environment-related programs

as a proportion of all programs.

SECTION 3: FINDINGS

6

Figure 2University enrolment and graduation rates for environment-related

programs as a proportion of all programs in the province (2007)


0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

NLPENSNBQCONSKMBABBC

Enrolments

Graduates

10.5

%

14.3

%

7.2%

14.2

%

11.0

%

6.7%

10.6

%

8.4%

7.3%

8.0%

11.6

%

14.0

%

10.4

%

13.2

%

11.3

%

6.5%

10.1

%

11.7

%

10.9

%

9.2%

Figure 3Distribution of university enrolment in environment-related programs (2007)


Biological and biomedicalsciences 30.8%

Engineering 24.5%

Physicalsciences 12.2%

Socialsciences 10.0%

Natural resources

and conservation

9.8%

Other environmentalprograms13.8%

The proportion of university enrolment and

graduation rates for environment-related

programs as a proportion of all programs within

each province is given in Figure 2. Overall, Alberta

and Saskatchewan showed the largest proportions

of students both enrolling in and graduating from

environment-related programs in 2007. Quebec

had the smallest proportion of both enrolments

and graduates from environment-related

programs out of all the provinces.

3.1.2 University Enrolment in Environment-Related Programs

Based on 2007 enrolment numbers, the largest

proportion of students studying environment-

related university programs were enrolled in

the biological and biomedical sciences (30.8%),

followed by engineering (24.5%) as shown in

Figure 3. Programs of study were grouped into

2-digit CIP categories for this analysis and only

those programs selected were included.

7

Many programs have seen significant increase in enrolment numbers from 2000 to 2007 (Table 1). The largest rate of

change in enrolments was observed in land use planning and management/development (1900%), followed by conservation

biology (783.3%) and natural resources management and policy (408.5%). However, other programs experienced decline

in enrolments between 2000 and 2007, such as agriculture and others relating to natural resources. Wildlife biology and

atmospheric physics and dynamics both experienced declines of 100%.

CIP Code CIP Program Name % Change

03.0206 Land use planning and management/developmenta 1900.0%

26.1307 Conservation biologyb 783.3%

03.0201 Natural resources management and policy 408.5%

26.1301 Ecology 218.2%

45.1201 Urban studies/affairs 202.6%

03.0104 Environmental science 157.7%

15.0506 Water quality & wastewater treatment management & recycling technology/technicianc 150.0%

13.1316 Science teacher education/general science teacher education 138.6%

14.1401 Environmental/environmental health engineering 119.5%

03.0101 Natural resources/conservation, general 82.3%

14.0801 Civil engineering, general 76.3%

04.0301 City/urban, community and regional planning 60.7%

13.1332 Geography teacher education 58.3%

40.0501 Chemistry, general 49.1%

14.0701 Chemical engineering 36.2%

26.0101 Biology/biological sciences, general 29.2%

13.1322 Biology teacher education 21.4%

40.0601 Geology/earth science, general 20.2%

40.0401 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology, general 18.4%

40.0404 Meteorology 18.2%

45.0701 Geography 10.2%

14.3901 Geological/geophysical engineering 1.9%

13.1323 Chemistry teacher education 0.0%

03.0103 Environmental studies -0.1%

01.1201 Soil science and agronomy, general -4.8%

26.0301 Botany/plant biology -11.5%

26.1302 Marine biology and biological oceanography -15.6%

51.2202 Environmental health -18.9%

13.1329 Physics teacher education -19.0%

03.0205 Water, wetlands, and marine resources management -33.3%

01.0000 Agriculture, general -43.5%

03.0501 Forestry, general -48.6%

14.3401 Forest engineering -58.9%

26.0709 Wildlife biology -100.0%

40.0403 Atmospheric physics and dynamics -100.0%

40.0402 Atmospheric chemistry and climatologyd n/a

Table 1 University enrolment rate of change for select environment-related programs (2000-2007)

a Rate of change calculated from 2001 to 2007 because data is not available for previous years.b Rate of change calculated from 2003 to 2007 because data is not available for previous years.c Rate of change calculated from 2005 to 2007 because data is not available for previous years.d Rate of change cannot be calculated because data is not available for this program.


8

Figure 4Distribution of university graduates inenvironment-related programs (2007)


Otherenvironmental

programs14.2%

Engineering 22.1%

Science technologies/technicians

10.1%

Socialsciences 11.7%

Natural resources

and conservation

10.0%

Biological andbiomedical sciences

31.9%

3.1.3 University Graduation in Environment-Related Programs

Similar to enrolments, in 2007 the largest

proportion of students graduated from biological

and biomedical sciences (31.9%) and engineering

(22.1%) as shown in Figure 4.

Similar to enrolments, in 2007 the largest proportion of students graduated from biological and biomedical

sciences (31.9%) and engineering (22.1%).

9


03.0206 Land use planning and management/developmenta 2000.0%

03.0201 Natural resources management and policya 225.0%

03.0104 Environmental sciencea 145.1%

03.0101 Natural resources/conservation, generala 127.8%

13.1332 Geography teacher educationa 115.8%

13.1316 Science teacher education/general science teacher educationa 86.7%

26.1301 Ecologya 76.9%

13.1329 Physics teacher educationa 71.4%

14.1401 Environmental/environmental health engineeringa 65.2%

13.1323 Chemistry teacher educationa 58.3%


40.0401 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology, generala 33.3%

01.1201 Soil science and agronomy, general 30.8%

14.0701 Chemical engineering 30.7%

45.1201 Urban studies/affairsa 30.4%


26.0301 Botany/plant biology 24.0%

26.1302 Marine biology and biological oceanographya 23.1%

13.1322 Biology teacher educationa 16.1%

26.0101 Biology/biological sciences, general 11.7%

45.0701 Geography 6.9%


26.1307 Conservation biologyb -8.3%

14.3901 Geological/geophysical engineeringa -8.7%

40.0404 Meteorology -10.0%

40.0601 Geology/earth science, general -15.4%

03.0205 Water, wetlands, and marine resources managementa -15.4%


51.2202 Environmental healtha -33.3%

14.3401 Forest engineering* -64.7%



26.0709 Wildlife biologya -100.0%

15.0506 Water quality and wastewater treatment management and recycling technology/technicianc n/a

40.0403 Atmospheric physics and dynamicsd n/a

Table 2 University graduation rate of change for select

environment-related programs (2000-2007)

a Rate of change calculated from 2001 to 2007 because data is not available for previous years.b Rate of change calculated from 2004 to 2007 because data is not available for previous years.c Rate of change cannot be calculated because data available for 2007 only.d Rate of change cannot be calculated because data is not available for this program.


Table 2 shows the rate of change between 2000 and 2007 for graduates of select environmental programs.

The largest rates of change were observed in land use planning and management/development (2000%),

natural resources management and policy (225%), and environmental science (145.1%). Forestry, general

(-77.6%) and wildlife biology (-100%) experienced the largest declines in graduation.

10

3.2 COLLEGE PROGRAMS

3.2.1 College Enrolment and Graduation of all Learners from Environment-Related Programs

Overall, there are fewer students enrolling in and graduating

from environment-related programs at the college level.

Enrolment increased 0.4% between 2000 and 2005 and

graduates increased 11.8% between 2000 and 2004. However,

as a share of all college programs, both enrolment and

graduation from environment-related programs have decreased

since 2000 (Figure 5).

College enrolment and graduation rates for environment-

related programs as a proportion of all programs of study

by province or territory are shown in Figure 6. In contrast

to the university data, Newfoundland, the Yukon Territories,

and Nunavut have the largest proportions of enrolments and

graduates of environment-related programs. The smallest

proportions are observed in Quebec and PEI.

Figure 5College enrolment and graduation rates for environment-related

programs as a proportion of all programs (2000 - 2005)a


Enrolments

Graduates

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

200520042003200220012000

5.4%5.2%

4.8% 4.9% 5.1%

4.4%4.2% 4.2% 4.1% 4.3%

3.8%

a PSIS college graduation data are not available beyond 2004 and enrolment data are not available beyond 2005.

Overall, there are fewer students enrolling in and

graduating from environment-related programs at the

college level.

11

Figure 6College enrolment and graduation rates for environment-related programs

as a proportion of all programs in the province/territory (2004/2005)a

a Graduation data are not available beyond 2004. Enrolment data are not available beyond 2005.

Enrolments

Graduates

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

22%

NUNTYTNLPENSNBQCONSKMBABBC

2.3%

5.9%

4.9%

4.6%

4.0%

3.0%

6.1%

4.2%

2.4%

14.5

%

8.9%

4.5%

6.4%

5.2%

7.6%

6.0%

5.2%

6.0%

2.6%

9.2%

6.1%

2.6%

13.8

%

20.0

%

7.3%

14.3

%

3.2.2 College Enrolment in Environment-Related Programs

Based on 2007 enrolments, the largest share of

students were enrolled in engineering technologies/

technician programs (41.9%), followed by natural

resources and conservation programs (15.8%) and

agriculture, agriculture operations, and related

sciences (13.4%) as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7Distribution of college enrolment in

environment-related programs (2005)


Otherenvironmental

programs 9.8%

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies

12.3%

Science technology/ technicians 6.9%

Agriculture, agricultureoperations andrelated sciences

13.4% Natural resources

and conservation

15.8%

Engineering technologies/technicians

41.9%

12




03.0205 Water, wetlands, and marine resources management 200.0%

26.1302 Marine biology and biological oceanographya 100.0%


51.2202 Environmental health 71.4%


46.0000 Construction trades, general 22.7%


26.1301 Ecology 3.5%

45.0701 Geography -6.3%

03.0206 Land use planning and management/development -29.1%


13.1316 Science teacher education/general science teacher educationb -33.3%


15.0506 Water quality and wastewater treatment management and recycling technology/technician -46.9%


26.0101 Biology/biological sciences, general -51.9%

03.0101 Natural resources/conservation, general -67.3%


40.0401 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology, generalc n/a

Table 3 College enrolment rate of change for select environment-related programs (2000-2005)

a Rate of change calculated from 2001 to 2005 because data is not available for previous years.b Rate of change calculated from 2004 to 2005 because data is not available for previous years.c Rate of change cannot be calculated because data is not available for this program.


Table 3 presents environment-related programs of interest and the rate of

change for college enrolments between 2000 and 2005. The largest rates of

change were experienced in natural resource management and policy (485.7%),

environmental science (466.7%), and water, wetlands, and marine resource

management (200%). Negative changes were observed in environmental

studies (-100%), natural resources/conservation, general (-67.3%), and biology/

biological sciences, general (-51.9%).

13

Figure 8Distribution of college graduates in

environment-related programs (2004)


Otherenvironmental

programs9.8%

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness

studies11.7%

Social sciences 4.9%

Agriculture, agriculture

operations andrelated sciences

14.5%

Natural resources

and conservation

19.2%

Engineering technologies/technicians

40.3%Sciencetechnology/technicians

4.1%

3.2.3 College Graduation from Environment-Related Programs

In line with enrolment rates, the largest share of students

graduated from engineering technologies/technician

programs (40.3%), followed by natural resources

and conservation programs (19.2%) and agriculture,

agriculture operations, and related sciences (14.5%) as

illustrated in Figure 8.

14


46.0000 Construction trades, general 350.0%



45.0701 Geography 100.0%

03.0103 Environmental studies 75.0%

03.0205 Water, wetlands, and marine resources managementa 50.0%

26.1301 Ecology 29.4%

51.2202 Environmental health 11.1%

03.0206 Land use planning and management/development 7.1%


40.0501 Chemistry, generala 0.0%

03.0101 Natural resources/conservation, general -2.6%

04.0301 City/urban, community and regional planning -15.2%




26.0101 Biology/biological sciences, general -30.0%

15.0506 Water quality and wastewater treatment management and recycling technology/technician -42.9%

Table 4 College graduation rate of change for select environment-related programs (2000-2004)

a Rate of change calculated from 2001 to 2004 because data is not available for previous years.


The college-level graduation rates of change for select environment-related programs are given in Table

4 below. The largest increases were observed in construction trades, general (350%), natural resources

management and policy (230.8%), and environmental science (140%). The largest declines were observed

in water quality and wastewater treatment management and recycling technology/technician (-42.9%),

biology/biological sciences, general (-30%), and forestry, general (-26.5%).

15

SECTION 4: CONCLUSIONS

Enrolment in both college and university

environment-related programs is on the

rise, with university enrolments (40.1%)

increasing at a much greater pace than

college enrolments (0.4%). But as a whole,

both university and college environment-

related programs represent a lower

proportion of the total graduates of all

programs than they did in 2000.

While many traditional programs are

declining steadily in terms of enrolment

and graduation (i.e. wildlife biology, water

& wastewater quality and treatment),

other new emerging areas are experiencing

tremendous growth (i.e. land use and

planning, natural resource management).

Many different factors could be driving

the increases and decreases in individual

environment-related programs of study

and further research is necessary to better

understand these. At minimum, the data

analysed in the present study provides a

picture of the current state of college and

university enrolments and graduates of

environment-related programs.

16

Environmental Careers Organization Canada. (2007). Labour Market Transition: A Remedy for Labour Shortages in the Environment. Environmental Labour Market (ELM) Research,

Environmental Careers Organization of Canada: Calgary, AB.

Environmental Careers Organization Canada. (2008a). College Graduation Trends for Environment-Related Programs, 2002-2005. Environmental Labour Market (ELM)

Research. Calgary, AB: Author.

Environmental Careers Organization Canada. (2008b). University Graduation and Enrolment for Environment-Related Programs 1999-2005. Environmental Labour Market (ELM)

Research. Calgary, AB: Author.

Lapointe, M., Dunn, K., Tremblay-Cote, N., Bergeron, L-P., & Ignaczak, L. (2006). Looking-Ahead: A 10-Year Outlook for the Canadian Labour Market (2006-2015). Gatineau, QC:

Human Resources and Social Development Canada.

REFERENCES

Statistics Canada. (2009). Custom tabulation based on 2006 Census of Canada.

Ottawa: Minister of Industry.

Statistics Canada. (2009). Custom tabulation based on 2001 Census of Canada.

Ottawa: Minister of Industry.

Statistics Canada. (2009). Custom tabulation based on Post-Secondary Student Information System. Ottawa: Minister of Industry.

Statistics Canada. (2009). Custom tabulation based on National Graduates Survey,

2005. Ottawa: Minister of Industry.

Statistics Canada. (2009). Custom tabulation based on National Graduates Survey,

2000. Ottawa: Minister of Industry.

DATA SOURCES

17

18

APPENDIX

Table A.1Environment-Related Programs of Study: Concordances between Major Field of

Study (MFS) and Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) codesa, b, c

MFS Code MFS Program Title CIP Code CIP Program Title

221 Agricultural Science - General 01.0000 Agriculture, General

230 Agricultural Technology - General 01.0000 Agriculture, General

231 Agricultural Business 01.0101 Agricultural Business and Management, General

231 Agricultural Business 01.0102 Agribusiness/Agricultural Business Operations

232 Farming 01.0102 Agribusiness/Agricultural Business Operations

139 Agricultural Economics 01.0103 Agricultural Economics

231 Agricultural Business 01.0104 Farm/Farm and Ranch Management

231 Agricultural Business 01.0106 Agricultural Business Technology

229 Agricultural Science - Other 01.0199 Agricultural Business and Management, Other

231 Agricultural Business 01.0199 Agricultural Business and Management, Other

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.0199 Agricultural Business and Management, Other

231 Agricultural Business 01.0301 Agricultural Production Operations, General

232 Farming 01.0301 Agricultural Production Operations, General

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.0301 Agricultural Production Operations, General

263 Aquaculture and Fisheries 01.0303 Aquaculture

223 Crop Science / Agronomy 01.0304 Crop Production

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.0304 Crop Production

221 Agricultural Science - General 01.0399 Agricultural Production Operations, Other

232 Farming 01.0399 Agricultural Production Operations, Other

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.0399 Agricultural Production Operations, Other

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.0401 Agricultural and Food Products Processing

263 Aquaculture and Fisheries 01.0401 Agricultural and Food Products Processing

225 Horticulture/Floriculture 01.0601 Applied Horticulture/Horticulture Operations, General

225 Horticulture/Floriculture 01.0603 Ornamental Horticulture

225 Horticulture/Floriculture 01.0604 Greenhouse Operations and Management

299 Landscape Architecture - General 01.0605 Landscaping and Groundskeeping

300 Landscape Horticulture 01.0605 Landscaping and Groundskeeping

301 Landscape Technology 01.0605 Landscaping and Groundskeeping

225 Horticulture/Floriculture 01.0606 Plant Nursery Operations and Management

301 Landscape Technology 01.0607 Turf and Turfgrass Management

209 Retailing and Sales 01.0608 Floriculture/Floristry Operations and Management

225 Horticulture/Floriculture 01.0608 Floriculture/Floristry Operations and Management

227 Floral Design / Florist 01.0608 Floriculture/Floristry Operations and Management

225 Horticulture/Floriculture 01.0699 Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Business Services, Other

300 Landscape Horticulture 01.0699 Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Business Services, Other

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.0701 International Agriculture

19




221 Agricultural Science - General 01.0801 Agricultural and Extension Education Services

90 Communications 01.0802 Agricultural Communication/Journalism

93 Journalism, News Reporting 01.0802 Agricultural Communication/Journalism

184 Social Services - Other 01.0899 Agricultural Public Services, Other

226 Plant Science 01.1101 Plant Sciences, General

223 Crop Science / Agronomy 01.1102 Agronomy and Crop Science

225 Horticulture/Floriculture 01.1103 Horticultural Science

248 Plant Sciences - Specialized 01.1104 Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding

223 Crop Science / Agronomy 01.1105 Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.1105 Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management

248 Plant Sciences - Specialized 01.1105 Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management

259 Entomology 01.1105 Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management

229 Agricultural Science - Other 01.1106 Range Science and Management

223 Crop Science / Agronomy 01.1199 Plant Sciences, Other

226 Plant Science 01.1199 Plant Sciences, Other

228 Soil Science / Agrology 01.1201 Soil Science and Agronomy, General

228 Soil Science / Agrology 01.1202 Soil Chemistry and Physics

228 Soil Science / Agrology 01.1203 Soil Microbiology

228 Soil Science / Agrology 01.1299 Soil Sciences, Other

233 Agricultural Technology - Other 01.1299 Soil Sciences, Other

229 Agricultural Science - Other 01.9999 Agriculture, Agriculture Operations and Related Sciences, Other

328 Environmental Technology - General 03.0101 Natural Resources/Conservation, General

158 Environmental Studies - General 03.0103 Environmental Studies

288 Environmental/Resource Engineering 03.0104 Environmental Science

460 Geology - Other 03.0104 Environmental Science

328 Environmental Technology - General 03.0199 Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other

331 Renewable Resources Technology 03.0199 Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other

160 Resource Management 03.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy, General

266 Natural Sciences 03.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy, General

328 Environmental Technology - General 03.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy, General

331 Renewable Resources Technology 03.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy, General

143 Economics - Other 03.0204 Natural Resource Economics

160 Resource Management 03.0205 Water, Wetlands and Marine Resources Management

328 Environmental Technology - General 03.0205 Water, Wetlands and Marine Resources Management

329 Water Treatment Technologies 03.0205 Water, Wetlands and Marine Resources Management

160 Resource Management 03.0206 Land Use Planning and Management/Development

161 Urban and Regional Planning 03.0206 Land Use Planning and Management/Development

294 Forestry - General 03.0299 Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other

298 Forestry - Other 03.0299 Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other

328 Environmental Technology - General 03.0299 Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other

332 Fish and Wildlife Technology 03.0299 Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other

260 Fisheries Biology 03.0301 Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management

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263 Aquaculture and Fisheries 03.0301 Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management

294 Forestry - General 03.0501 Forestry, General

259 Entomology 03.0502 Forest Sciences and Biology

294 Forestry - General 03.0502 Forest Sciences and Biology

298 Forestry - Other 03.0502 Forest Sciences and Biology

294 Forestry - General 03.0506 Forest Management/Forest Resources Management

298 Forestry - Other 03.0506 Forest Management/Forest Resources Management

298 Forestry - Other 03.0508 Urban Forestry

359 Forest Products Technology 03.0509 Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology

359 Forest Products Technology 03.0510 Forest Resources Production and Management

183 Protection Services (Fire and Other) 03.0511 Forest Technology/Technician

359 Forest Products Technology 03.0511 Forest Technology/Technician

330 Forest Conservation Technologies 03.0599 Forestry, Other

359 Forest Products Technology 03.0599 Forestry, Other

296 Forest Wildlife Management 03.0601 Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management

332 Fish and Wildlife Technology 03.0601 Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management

265 Trapping 03.9999 Natural Resources and Conservation, Other

332 Fish and Wildlife Technology 03.9999 Natural Resources and Conservation, Other

151 Urban Geography 04.0301 City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning

161 Urban and Regional Planning 04.0301 City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning

267 Architecture - General 04.0301 City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning

299 Landscape Architecture - General 04.0401 Environmental Design/Architecture

299 Landscape Architecture - General 04.0601 Landscape Architecture (BSc, BSLA, BLA, MSLA, MLA, PhD)

301 Landscape Technology 04.0601 Landscape Architecture (BSc, BSLA, BLA, MSLA, MLA, PhD)

17 Industrial/Vocational Education 13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education

45 Education, n.e.c. - Other 13.1301 Agricultural Teacher Education

9 Mathematics and/or Science Teaching 13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education

9 Mathematics and/or Science Teaching 13.1322 Biology Teacher Education

9 Mathematics and/or Science Teaching 13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education

9 Mathematics and/or Science Teaching 13.1329 Physics Teacher Education

11 Social Studies Teaching 13.1332 Geography Teacher Education

271 Biochemical Engineering 14.0301 Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering

287 Agricultural Engineering 14.0301 Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering

273 Chemical Engineering 14.0701 Chemical Engineering

274 Civil Engineering 14.0801 Civil Engineering, General

283 Geological Engineering 14.0802 Geotechnical Engineering

290 Water Resources Engineering 14.0805 Water Resources Engineering

274 Civil Engineering 14.0899 Civil Engineering, Other

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288 Environmental/Resource Engineering 14.1401 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering

289 Marine Engineering 14.2401 Ocean Engineering

293 Engineering, n.e.c. 14.2401 Ocean Engineering

286 Petroleum Engineering 14.2501 Petroleum Engineering

295 Forest Engineering 14.3401 Forest Engineering

152 Geography - Other 14.3801 Surveying Engineering

274 Civil Engineering 14.3801 Surveying Engineering

283 Geological Engineering 14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering

271 Biochemical Engineering 14.9999 Engineering, Other

295 Forest Engineering 14.9999 Engineering, Other

369 Other Engineering Technologies, n.e.c. 15.0000 Engineering Technology, General

333 Civil Engineering Technologies - General 15.0201 Civil Engineering Technology/Technician

358 Power/Stationary Engineering 15.0503 Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician

369 Other Engineering Technologies, n.e.c. 15.0503 Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician

369 Other Engineering Technologies, n.e.c. 15.0505 Solar Energy Technology/Technician

329 Water Treatment Technologies 15.0506 Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and

Recycling Technology/Technician

362 Water Well Drilling and Primary Resources - Other 15.0506 Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and

Recycling Technology/Technician

328 Environmental Technology - General 15.0507 Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental

Technology

369 Other Engineering Technologies, n.e.c. 15.0508 Hazardous Materials Management and Waste Technology/

Technician

328 Environmental Technology - General 15.0599 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, Other

329 Water Treatment Technologies 15.0599 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, Other

418 Industrial Health 15.0701 Occupational Safety and Health Technology/Technician

348 Industrial Technologies - Other 15.0702 Quality Control Technology/Technician

369 Other Engineering Technologies, n.e.c. 15.0702 Quality Control Technology/Technician

418 Industrial Health 15.0703 Industrial Safety Technology/Technician

419 Industrial Hygiene 15.0703 Industrial Safety Technology/Technician

360 Mining Technology 15.0901 Mining Technology/Technician

361 Petroleum Technologies 15.0903 Petroleum Technology/Technician

360 Mining Technology 15.0999 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians, Other

369 Other Engineering Technologies, n.e.c. 15.0999 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians, Other

145 Cartography 15.1102 Surveying Technology/Surveying

230 Agricultural Technology - General 15.9999 Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other

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304 Chemical Technology - General 15.9999 Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other

328 Environmental Technology - General 15.9999 Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other

360 Mining Technology 15.9999 Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other

157 Law - Other 22.0207 Energy, Environment and Natural Resources Law

(LLM, MSc, JSD/SJD)

240 Biology - General 26.0101 Biology/Biological Sciences, General

246 Botany - General 26.0301 Botany/Plant Biology, General

247 Phycology 26.0301 Botany/Plant Biology, General

248 Plant Sciences - Specialized 26.0301 Botany/Plant Biology, General

246 Botany - General 26.0399 Botany/Plant Biology, Other

262 Wildlife Biology 26.0701 Zoology/Animal Biology, General

259 Entomology 26.0702 Entomology

244 Biology - Other 26.0709 Wildlife Biology

260 Fisheries Biology 26.0709 Wildlife Biology

262 Wildlife Biology 26.0709 Wildlife Biology

257 Zoology - General 26.0799 Zoology/Animal Biology, Other

159 Human Ecology 26.1301 Ecology

244 Biology - Other 26.1301 Ecology

248 Plant Sciences - Specialized 26.1301 Ecology

258 Animal Biology 26.1301 Ecology

262 Wildlife Biology 26.1301 Ecology

261 Marine Biology 26.1302 Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography

467 Oceanography and Marine Sciences 26.1302 Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography

244 Biology - Other 26.1303 Evolutionary Biology

244 Biology - Other 26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology

260 Fisheries Biology 26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology

261 Marine Biology 26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology

244 Biology - Other 26.1305 Environmental Biology

244 Biology - Other 26.1306 Population Biology

244 Biology - Other 26.1307 Conservation Biology

244 Biology - Other 26.1308 Systematic Biology/Biological Systematics

244 Biology - Other 26.1399 Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other

266 Natural Sciences 30.1801 Natural Sciences

36 Outdoor Recreation 31.0101 Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies

265 Trapping 31.0101 Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies

36 Outdoor Recreation 31.0301 Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management

466 Meteorology 40.0401 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General

466 Meteorology 40.0402 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology

466 Meteorology 40.0403 Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics

466 Meteorology 40.0404 Meteorology

466 Meteorology 40.0499 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other

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448 Chemistry - General 40.0501 Chemistry, General

449 Analytical Chemistry 40.0502 Analytical Chemistry

450 Inorganic and Organic Chemistry 40.0503 Inorganic Chemistry

450 Inorganic and Organic Chemistry 40.0504 Organic Chemistry

452 Physical Chemistry 40.0506 Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

453 Mathematical and Theoretical Chemistry 40.0506 Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

454 Chemistry - Other 40.0506 Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

450 Inorganic and Organic Chemistry 40.0507 Polymer Chemistry

454 Chemistry - Other 40.0507 Polymer Chemistry

474 Chemistry Physics 40.0508 Chemical Physics

449 Analytical Chemistry 40.0599 Chemistry, Other

454 Chemistry - Other 40.0599 Chemistry, Other

465 Metallurgy 40.0599 Chemistry, Other

455 Geology 40.0601 Geology/Earth Science, General

456 Geochemistry 40.0602 Geochemistry

457 Geophysics 40.0603 Geophysics and Seismology

460 Geology - Other 40.0604 Paleontology

458 Hydrogeology and Hydrology 40.0605 Hydrology and Water Resources Science

286 Petroleum Engineering 40.0606 Geochemistry and Petrology

460 Geology - Other 40.0606 Geochemistry and Petrology

467 Oceanography and Marine Sciences 40.0607 Oceanography, Chemical and Physical

457 Geophysics 40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other

458 Hydrogeology and Hydrology 40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other

460 Geology - Other 40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other

426 Biological Laboratory Technology and Cytology 41.0101 Biology Technician/Biotechnology Laboratory Technician

480 Science Lab Technology 41.0399 Physical Science Technologies/Technicians, Other

480 Science Lab Technology 41.9999 Science Technologies/Technicians, Other

144 Geography - General 45.0701 Geography

146 Economic Geography 45.0701 Geography

147 Historical Geography 45.0701 Geography

148 Human and Social Geography 45.0701 Geography

150 Physical Geography 45.0701 Geography

145 Cartography 45.0702 Cartography

150 Physical Geography 45.0702 Cartography

336 Drafting - Specialized 45.0702 Cartography

339 Surveying Technology 45.0702 Cartography

147 Historical Geography 45.0799 Geography and Cartography, Other

149 Environmental Geography 45.0799 Geography and Cartography, Other

151 Urban Geography 45.1201 Urban Studies/Affairs

161 Urban and Regional Planning 45.1201 Urban Studies/Affairs

187 Social Sciences and Related, n.e.c. - Other 45.1201 Urban Studies/Affairs

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309 Building Technology 46.0000 Construction Trades, General

334 Construction Technologies, n.e.c. 46.0000 Construction Trades, General

418 Industrial Health 51.2202 Environmental Health

419 Industrial Hygiene 51.2202 Environmental Health

a MFS coding was used in 2001 and previous censuses of population; CIP coding was used in 2006 census of population.b Programs of study highlighted in green were not identified as ‘environmental programs’ by ECO Canada. However, they have been included in all analyses (where

available). In the current report, a broad definition of ‘environmental program’ was adopted in order to be as inclusive as possible.c Previous ECO Canada reports included Business/Commerce, General (52.0101) and Business Administration, Management, and Operations (52.0201 to 52.0299).

However, these fields of study are excluded from all analyses in the current report. Although many environmental practitioners report a business or business-related program of study (ECO Canada, 2006), these are not environment-specific programs and including them in enrolment or graduation counts would give misleading results. n.e.c. – not elsewhere classified.

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Table A.2Environment-Related Programs of Specific Interest to ECO Canada

CIP Code CIP Program Title

01.0000 Agriculture, General

01.1201 Soil Science and Agronomy, General

03.0101 Natural Resources/Conservation, General

03.0103 Environmental Studies

03.0104 Environmental Science

03.0201 Natural Resources Management and Policy, General

03.0205 Water, Wetlands and Marine Resources Management

03.0206 Land Use Planning and Management/Development

03.0501 Forestry, General

04.0301 City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning

13.1316 Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education

13.1322 Biology Teacher Education

13.1323 Chemistry Teacher Education

13.1329 Physics Teacher Education

13.1332 Geography Teacher Education

14.0701 Chemical Engineering

14.0801 Civil Engineering, General

14.1401 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering

14.3401 Forest Engineering

14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering

15.0506 Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/Technician

15.0508 Hazardous Materials Management and Waste Technology/Technician

26.0101 Biology/Biological Sciences, General

26.0301 Botany/Plant Biology, General

26.0399 Botany/Plant Biology, Other

26.0709 Wildlife Biology

26.1301 Ecology

26.1302 Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography

26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology

26.1307 Conservation Biology

40.0401 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General

40.0402 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology

40.0403 Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics

40.0404 Meteorology

40.0499 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other

40.0501 Chemistry, General

40.0601 Geology/Earth Science, General

45.0701 Geography

45.1201 Urban Studies/Affairs

46.0000 Construction Trades, General

51.2202 Environmental Health

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Table A.3College and University Environment-Related Programs of Study

Identified and Analysed in Previous ECO Canada reportsa

College Programs (n = 26)b University Programs (n = 20)c

Agriculture, General (01.00) Agriculture (01.00)

Agricultural Business and Management (01.04) Biology, Aquatic (26.13)

Agricultural Production Operations (01.03) Biology (26.01)

Applied Horticulture/Horticulture Business Services (01.06) Biology, Conservation (26.13)

Plant Services (01.11) Chemistry (40.05)

Natural Resources Conservation and Research (03.01) Ecology (26.13)

Natural Resources Management and Policy (03.02) Engineering, Chemical (14.07)

Forestry (03.05) Engineering, Civil (14.08)

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management (03.06) Engineering, Environmental (14.14)

Natural Resources and Conservation, Other (03.99) Engineering, Geological (14.39)

City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning (04.03) Environmental Science (03.01)

Engineering Technology, General (15.00) Environmental Studies (03.01)

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician (15.02) Forestry (03.05)

Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians (15.05) Geography (45.07)

Quality Control and Safety Technologies/Technicians (15.07) Geology/Earth Sciences (40.06)

Engineering-Related Technologies (15.11) Natural Resource Management (03.02)

Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other (15.99) Science Education (13.13)

Biology, General (26.01) Soil Science (01.12)

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies (31.01) Urban and Regional Planning (04.03)

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management (31.03) Water Resources (03.02)

Biology Technician/Biotechnology Laboratory Technician (41.01)

Physical Science Technologies/Technicians (31.03)

Science Technologies/Technicians, Other (41.99)

Geography and Cartography (45.07)

Public Health (51.22)

Business Administration, Management and Operations (52.02)

a 4-digit CIP codes in brackets.b Only 26 programs are listed in the ECO Canada college report.c Some 4-digit codes repeat due to extrapolating from the 6-digit codes.

Sources: ECO Canada. (2008a). College Graduation Trends for Environment-Related Programs, 2002-2005. Environmental Labour Market (ELM) Research. Calgary, AB: Author.

ECO Canada. (2008b). University Graduation and Enrolment for Environment-Related Programs 1999-2005. Environmental Labour Market (ELM) Research. Calgary, AB: Author.

27

This project was funded by the Government of Canada’s Sector Council Program.

The opinions and interpretations in this publication are the author’s and do not necessarily

reflect those held by the Government of Canada.

Copyright © 2010 ECO Canada

All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication, whether it is reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system, or transmitted in any form or means (including electronic, mechanical, photographic, photocopying

or recording), without the prior written permission of ECO Canada is an infringement of copyright law.

ECO Canada (2010). Post-Secondary Graduation Research:

Enrolment and Graduation Rates from Environment-Related College and University Programs

Labour Market Research.

Environmental Careers Organization of Canada.

28

Funded by the Government of Canada’s Sector Council Program

Suite 200, 308 - 11th Avenue S.E., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2G 0Y2

Telephone: (403) 233-0748 Fax: (403) 269-9544

www.eco.ca

Documents

Post-Secondary Graduation Research - ECO Canada · Post-Secondary Student Information System: Statistics Canada’s Post-Secondary Student Information System (PSIS) is a good source