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8/3/2019 Post Colonial Literature(1)
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
8/3/2019 Post Colonial Literature(1)
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
EMPIREEMPIRE - (Latin origin) associated with 'command' or'power'.
- A country presided over or the authorityexercised by a ruler who happened to be
called an emperor.
- The territorial possessions of a state outsideits strict national boundaries.
Informal Empire No single language, religion, no onecode of laws
Survival of the Empire Government adapted to localconditions
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
British world power manifested through the empire
Free trade mid XIXth C superiority in industry
and commerce
It depended on other countries for prosperity, almostfor survival.
Creeping colonialism Britain intervenes in othercountries.No longer 'ruled' by Britainbut dependent on iteconomically
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
The British Empire From the 16thCentury onwards.
The heyday was 1890 to 1920 'The sun never sets on theBritish Empire' Principal motivation: commercial, industrial and political. Nowadays Dependencies (Falkland Islands,
Gibraltar)The British monarch is head of state inmany ex- imperial countries (Australia,Canada, New Zealand, Caribbeannations) and is head of theCommonwealth.
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
Colonialism brought Venture capital(commodities such astobbaco, sugar, mineralsand human beings)
The pioneering spiritGovernment expediency(shipping convicts to distantlands)The British sustained a highlevel of class and regionaldistinctions amongthemselves and racedistinctions with others
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
1970's Edward Said's Orientalism construction of the
oriental 'other' by European discourses of knowledge
'Postcolonial Literature' Literature produced in countriesthat were once or are now,colonies of other countries.
Different concepts Concern with the national cultureafter the departure of the imperialpower.
Distinguish bet. the periods before andafter independence.Covers all the culture affected by theimperial process from the moment ofcolonization to the present day
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
Post-colonial literatures African countries, Australia,Bangladesh, Canada,Caribbean countries, India,Malaysia, Malta, New
Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore,South Pacific Island countries,Sri Lanka, the literature ofMinorities of the USA
Emerged out of the experience of colonization andasserted themselves by foregrounding the tension withthe imperial power, and by emphasizing their differencesfrom the assumptions of the imperial centre.
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
Imperial Oppression Control over the language
'standard' versions of themetropolitan lang. as the norm.
Marginalization of 'variants' asimpurities.
Language Hierarchical structure of power isperpetuatedConcepts of 'truth', 'order' and'reality' become established.
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
English english- Standard code - English varieties(the English of the thoughout the world.erstwhile imperial centre)
- Centre - 'Peripheries'
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
Main Issues: * National identity (develop it and reclaim it)* The oriental and the westener (images of the
colonized as inferior)* The legacy of colonialism
* Write their own stories, legasy, using thecolonizer's language for their own purposes.
Purpose Writing back to the EmpireWrite their way back into ahistory others have written.
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
The Issue of IdentityThe Issue of Identity
Identity How we see ourselves and how
others see usNecessity of belonging, of fittingin.Differences of appearance,
language, cultural and religiouspractices (racial identity andsocial identity)
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
IDENTITY
In terms of Family (changing structure vstraditional unit, psychological problems,desintegration of personal relationships,the children of missing people)Community (circumstances)
School Dominant culture is taughtCommunication breakdownbet. Home and schoolEuropean values
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POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE
Nation Inmigrants Identity conflict (maintainethnic roots an belonging)Citizens of two worlds
(ambivalence and evasion)
Portrayal of Minoritiesin Literature Gender stereotyping and
subtle racism
Images devoid of humanity,passive roles andstereotypes
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South African Literature
AfricannessAfricanness A matter of both land and bloodThe land of black peopleBlackness in history and cultureCommunity and ancestry
WhiteWhite Boer or AfrikaansWhitenessWhiteness Power
Political, cultural and racial
oppression of Apartheid (fear ofblackness)White society, culture and literatureBlood whiteness made absolute,sacred, vulnerable.
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South African Literature
John M. CoetzeeJohn M. Coetzee
Its the white settler, the original worm thatcame to canker South Africa, and who have
committed the original and unforgivable sinthat has forced whites out of paradise.
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South African Literature
ApartheidApartheid 2 categories Black = African BoesmanKaffir
Old and native (barbarian,dying)
New and emergent (urban and cosmopolitan)-Bantustan
(authentic
and original)Soweto (African's Harlem) - Townships
- The Ghetto