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Post-Classical OverviewTrade
How Trade is growing all over the world
● Key places grow along the trade routes○ Muslims → Indian Ocean○ Chinese Merchant Communities
● China, Persia and Indian Merchants and Artisans expand production○ Production of Iron and Steel in China Increased
● Environmental Knowledge and long Distance trade○ Vikings → Longship○ Arabs and Berbers → Sahara○ Central Asia Pastoral groups → Horses
● What was traded on all the routes● Understand all the Trade Routes
Existing Trade Routes
● All continued into this period● All experience significant changes
○ Integration of growing commercial cities
● Are you able to identify the existing trade networks on a map??????○ Silk road○ Mediterranean○ Trans-Saharan○ Indian Ocean
Changes● Silk Road
○ Diffused important technologies around the world■ Gunpowder, paper, black death
○ Change with the changing political control■ Islam, Mongols
● Mediterranean○ Byzantines will revive the trade as well as the Islamic empire
■ Especially with North Africa
● Trans-Saharan○ Grew A LOT during the Post-Classical era mostly due to Islam○ The emergence of Mali
Indian ocean trade routes
● The dominate trade network during the post-classical era → By a lot● Very large cities due to the number of non-citizens● Major changes during P-C era.
○ Number of people participating increased○ Islam increased trade
■ Swahili coast○ Straits of Malacca
■ Spice trade due to the spices grew throughout Indonesia.■ Central point for this trade■ Tolls for passage
○ Chinese Trade
New Cities Develop
● Novgorod → connecting European merchants with Arab and Byzantine traders
○ Hanseatic League ○ Was protected from the Mongol Conquest
● Malaca→ we already looked at this● Timbuktu→ southern rim of the Sahara Desert → caravan trade
○ Exchange point for African gold and salt○ Important for the spread of Islam
● Hangzhou→ On the Grand Canal○ Departure point for goods to be traded○ Capital of China during the Southern Song
Novgorod
Timbuktu
Hangzhou
Don’t Forget the Americas
● Also developed extensive trade networks ● Not really and maritime trade● No “beasts of burden”● Did create elaborate road systems
○ Inca the best → 25,000 miles
● Evidence that the Aztecs did trade with American Indians in the Southwest parts of the US
Luxury
● After the fall of the Classical civilization there was a decline in luxury trade● Why is this important?
○ Luxury goods mean■ Status→ gives the appearance of civility ■ Surplus beyond necessity■ Primarily for external markets
● The increase accessibility of the trade routes and their increase safety caused this
○ Rise of the trading dynasties■ Mongols■ Islamic Caliphate
● Also better technology made it easier
Saffron
Black Pepper
Better Technology
● Caravan routes○ These began to develop in many places especially where the journey was very difficult ○ Nomadic people would often settle at the stopping points and provide services
■ Caravanserai → fortified inns, caravan palace
● Camels○ Can travel an average of 100 miles without needing water○ Used in many places not just middle east and africa
How do we pay for stuff?
● Credit and economic exchange○ China → Flying money○ Italy → Bills of exchange
○ This allowed merchants a method of paying for goods or taxes without having to transport coins in bulk
● Benefits the state and promotes trade
The movement of people caused environmental effects
● Vikings → started leaving their homes in the 8th century○ their inheritance practices reduced arable land ○ Began raiding ○ Longship
● Camels → arid environment○ Berber
Source
http://historyhaven.com/APWorldipedia/index.php?title=Key_Concept_3.1_Expansion_and_Intensification_of_Communication_and_Exchange_Networks