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Possible impact of certain interventions Population with STI Aware and worried Seeking care Correct treatment Tt completed Cured Correct diagnosis Safer sexual behavior promotion Condom promotion

Possible impact of certain interventions Population with STI Aware and worried Seeking care Correct treatment Tt completed Cured Correct diagnosis Safer

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Page 1: Possible impact of certain interventions Population with STI Aware and worried Seeking care Correct treatment Tt completed Cured Correct diagnosis Safer

Possible impact of certain interventions

Population with STI

Aware and worried

Seeking care

Correct treatment

Tt completed

Cured

Correct diagnosis

• Safer sexual behavior promotion• Condom promotion

Page 2: Possible impact of certain interventions Population with STI Aware and worried Seeking care Correct treatment Tt completed Cured Correct diagnosis Safer

Possible impact of certain interventions

Population with STI

Aware and worried

Seeking care

Correct treatment

Tt completed

Cured

Correct diagnosis

• Partner treatment• Education to recognize symptoms• Screening at FP, ANC…

Page 3: Possible impact of certain interventions Population with STI Aware and worried Seeking care Correct treatment Tt completed Cured Correct diagnosis Safer

Possible impact of certain interventions

Population with STI

Aware and worried

Seeking care

Correct treatment

Tt completed

Cured

Correct diagnosis

• Staff behavior• Health seeking behavior promotion

Page 4: Possible impact of certain interventions Population with STI Aware and worried Seeking care Correct treatment Tt completed Cured Correct diagnosis Safer

Possible impact of certain interventions

Population with STI

Aware and worried

Seeking care

Correct treatment

Tt completed

Cured

Correct diagnosis Syndromic approach

Include STD drug in essential list

Prescribe single dose Counsel for compliance

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Iconographie atlas

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Iconographie atlas

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Iconographie atlas

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Iconographie atlas

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Iconographie atlas

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(Czelusta A. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:409-32.)

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Iconographie atlas

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Chancre mouChancre mou--

une ou plusieurs ulcérations anales, une ou plusieurs ulcérations anales, purulentes- adénopathie inguinale purulentes- adénopathie inguinale inflammatoire évoluant vers la inflammatoire évoluant vers la suppurationsuppuration

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Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose,

ORCeftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly (IM) in a single dose,

ORCiprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice a day for 3 days,

ORErythromycin base 500 mg orally three times a day for 7 days.

CHANCRE MOU (chancroid)

(CDC,2006)

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Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally X 2 j X 3 j,

OU Erythromycine base 500 mg p os X 3 x j X 7 j,

OU Azithromycine 1 g p os X 1

Alternative: Ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly (IM) X 1,

CHANCRE MOU (chancroid)

(OMS, 2004)

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Jean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEAJean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEA

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Jean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEAJean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEA

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Jean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEAJean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEA

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Jean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEAJean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEA

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Jean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEAJean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEA

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Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Wad. A et al. J Infect Dis, 2002, 185, 45-52)

Increasing role in HIV susceptibility attributed

to HSV-2 (a)

• 31 studies of HSV-2 seropositive have RR=2.1 of HIV infection when herpes precedes HIV

• Among HSV-2 sero + persons, 52% of ST HIV infection attributed to HSV

• Population attributable risk % varies with HSV seroprevalence: 19% for the ST-HIV infection in the general pop (HSV seroprev=22%) and 50% for ST HIV in CSWs (HSV seroprev=80%)

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Ronald Gray, M.D. Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons from Rakai and other

African from Rakai and other African studies. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

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Vanmali et al. ICAAC, 2001/ Chen et al 2000/O'Farell, 1994

Increasing role in HIV susceptibility attributed to HSV-2 (c): Etiology of GUD (%)

South Afr 94 South Afr. 00 Tanzania

T pallidum 30 16.2 15

H ducreyi 12 24.5 10

HSV 9 29.2 45

TP + HD 8 1.7

TP + HSV 1 1.1

HD + HSV 4.8

All 3 agents 0.7

Mixed no HSV 2

LGV 3

C. granulom. 9 2

Indeterm. 23 21.7

HIV Serop. 40

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Herpès génital chez des malades africains souffrant d’ulcération génitale : Evolution

1980-1999P

ou

rcen

tag

e d

e H

SV

-2

isolé

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1980-84 1985-89 1990-94 1995-99

Harare

Durban-1

Durban-2

Afrique du Sud

Rwanda

Kenya

D’après O’Farrell STI 1999Jean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEAJean-Elie Malkin, Cours IST, IMEA

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Chen CY et al. Sex Transm Dis, 2000, 1, 21-29

Increasing role in HIV susceptibility attributed

to HSV-2 (b)

1. Development of nucleic acid amplification technology (M-PCR) facilitate diagnostic of GUD and by its higher sensitivity change the reported proportion of each of the etiologic agent

2. HSV-2 may be responsible for a greater population-attributable risk of HIV infection than previously thought

3. In WHO algorithms of treatment no viral suppressive treatment was scheduled and this had been recently changed

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HSV-2 and HIV acquisition

meta-analysis:

Wald A. JID: 2002;185:45-52

Risk of HIV infection in HSV-2 infected persons:

A: 9 Longitudinal & nested case-control studies:

RR=2.1 (1.4-3.2)

B: 22 Case-control & cross sectional studies:

OR=3.9 (3.1-5.1)

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Ronald Gray, M.D. Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons from Rakai and other

African from Rakai and other African studies. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

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Marie Laga, The synergy between Prevention and Care in Africa. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

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Acyclovir 400 mg orally three times a day for 7--10 days,

ORAcyclovir 200 mg orally five times a day for 7--10 days,

ORFamciclovir 250 mg orally three times a day for 7--10 days,

ORValacyclovir 1 g orally twice a day for 7--10 days.

HERPES GENITAL

(CDC, 2006,WHO, 2004)

First Clinical Episode

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Acyclovir 400 mg orally three times a day for 5 days*, ORAcyclovir 200 mg orally five times a day for 5 days*, ORAcyclovir 800 mg orally twice a day for 5 days*,

ORFamciclovir 125 mg orally twice a day for 5 days*, ORValacyclovir 500 mg orally twice a day for 3--5 days*, ORValacyclovir 1.0 g orally once a day for 5 days*.

HERPES GENITALEpisodic Therapy for Recurrent Herpes

(CDC, 2006,WHO, 2004)(5-10 days if HIV+, CDC)

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Acyclovir 400 mg orally twice a day, ORFamciclovir 250 mg orally twice a day, ORValacyclovir 500 mg orally once a day, ORValacyclovir 1.0 gram orally once a day.

HERPES GENITALSuppressive Therapy for

Recurrent Herpes

(CDC, 2006,WHO, 2004)

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Acyclovir 400--800 mg orally twice to three times a day,

ORFamciclovir 500 mg orally twice a day, ORValacyclovir 500 mg orally twice a day.

HERPES GENITALSuppressive Therapy for Recurrent Herpes if HIV+

(CDC, 2006)

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Hart G. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1997;25:24–32

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Hart G. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1997;25:24–32

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Co-trimoxazole: 160/800 mg p os x 2 x 14j

Alternatives:Doxycycline 100 mg p os x 2 x 14 jTetracycline 500 mg p os x 4 x 14 j + Streptomycine 1g IM x 1 x 14j

GRANULOMA INGUINALE

(WHO, 1992)

(DONOVANOSE)

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Azithromycine:1g p os x 1/j + 500mg p os x 1/j * Ou

Doxycycline: 100 mg p os x 2/j *

Alternatives:Erythromycine: 500 mg p os x 4 x/j *Tetracycline 500 mg p os x 4/j x 14 j * Cotrimoxazole 80mg/400 mg x 2 x 2/j x 14 j*

GRANULOMA INGUINALE

(WHO, 2004)

(DONOVANOSE)

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Doxycycline: 100 mg p os x 2/d x ≥3 weeks*

Alternatives:Azithromycine: 1g p os x 1 j ≥3 weeks*ORCiprofloxacine: 750 mg p os x 2/d x ≥3 weeks*

ORCotrimoxazole DS (800mg/160mg) p os x2/d x

≥3 weeks*

* Up to complete healing

GRANULOMA INGUINALE

(CDC,2006)

(DONOVANOSE)

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Hart G. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1997;25:24–32

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Iconographie atlas

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Marie Laga, The synergy between Prevention and Care in Africa. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

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LymphogranulomatoseLymphogranulomatosevénériennevénérienne

- fièvre- fièvre - ténesme- ténesme - écoulement purulent- écoulement purulent - adénopathie inguinale le plus souvent - adénopathie inguinale le plus souvent

unilatérale, unique ou multiple, très inflammatoire unilatérale, unique ou multiple, très inflammatoire avec risque de fistulisationavec risque de fistulisation

- douleur ano-rectale sévère avec émission - douleur ano-rectale sévère avec émission sanglante et muco-purulente, ténesmesanglante et muco-purulente, ténesme

- proctite ou colo-proctite en rapport avec - proctite ou colo-proctite en rapport avec l'évolution de l'inflammation des ganglions l'évolution de l'inflammation des ganglions lymphatiques péri-rectaux ou périanaux- lymphatiques péri-rectaux ou périanaux- muqueuse nodulaire et friable, ulcérations diffuses muqueuse nodulaire et friable, ulcérations diffuses et superficielleset superficielles

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1er groupe:(n=26)LGAR

(sérotype L2)

3 ème groupe:(n=110)Anorectites autres origines

Titre des IgG anti-Titre des IgG anti-C. trachomatisC. trachomatis chez LGAR chez LGAR >>2048 chez 88,4% (23/26) 2048 chez 88,4% (23/26) Versus 25% (3/12) Chlamydiose anorectalesVersus 25% (3/12) Chlamydiose anorectales Versus 20% (22/110) Ano-rectites autres originesVersus 20% (22/110) Ano-rectites autres origines

148 patients homo et bisexuels masculins 148 patients homo et bisexuels masculins ayant consulté pour une ano-rectite ayant consulté pour une ano-rectite

sur une période de 29 mois (décembre 2002- mai 2005sur une période de 29 mois (décembre 2002- mai 2005)Prélèvement ano-rectal +sérologie Chlamydia par micro-immunofluorescencePrélèvement ano-rectal +sérologie Chlamydia par micro-immunofluorescence

2ème groupe: (n=12)Chlamydioses anorectales

(sérotype D à K )

<<256256 00

512512 11

10241024 22

20482048 22

40964096 77

>>81928192 1414

55

22

22

11

22

00

7777

77

44

88

77

77

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LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM

Doxycycline 100mg p os x 2/d

Alternative:Erythromycine 500mg p os x 4/d

(LGV)

(CDC,2006)

For 21 days

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LYMPHOGRANULOME VENERIEN

Doxycycline 100mg p os x 2OuErythromycine 500mg p os x 4

Alternatives:Tetracycline 500mg p os x 4

(Nicolas et Favre)

(WHO, 2004)

Pendant 14 jours

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Iconographie atlas

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Chancre mouChancre mou--

une ou plusieurs ulcérations anales, une ou plusieurs ulcérations anales, purulentes- adénopathie inguinale purulentes- adénopathie inguinale inflammatoire évoluant vers la inflammatoire évoluant vers la suppurationsuppuration

Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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B. Halioua (1), M. Herida (2), B. de Barbeyrac (3), P. B. Halioua (1), M. Herida (2), B. de Barbeyrac (3), P. Sednaoui (1)Sednaoui (1)

(1) Institut Alfred Fournier. Paris 75014 (1) Institut Alfred Fournier. Paris 75014(2) INVS Saint Maurice. 94,(3) Centre Nationale de (2) INVS Saint Maurice. 94,(3) Centre Nationale de

référence de Chlamydia Bordeaux.référence de Chlamydia Bordeaux.Section MST de la Société Française de DermatologieSection MST de la Société Française de Dermatologie

LYMPHOGRANULOMATOSES LYMPHOGRANULOMATOSES ANORECTALES : ANORECTALES : A PROPOS DE 28 CAS DÉPISTÉS A PROPOS DE 28 CAS DÉPISTÉS DANS UN CENTRE DE MST DANS UN CENTRE DE MST PARISIEN.PARISIEN.

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Classic LGV(serotypes L1, L2, or L3

Classic LGV(serotypes L1, L2, or L3

Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Bilan clinique:Bilan clinique:

Tous les patients Tous les patients présentaient une présentaient une anorectite sévère (22/28 anorectite sévère (22/28 soit 78% des cas), soit 78% des cas), ulcéré(8/28). ulcéré(8/28).

Diarrhée glairo-sanglante Diarrhée glairo-sanglante (8/28 soit 28%). (8/28 soit 28%).

Ecoulement purulent Ecoulement purulent (11/28) (11/28)

Tenesmes (4/2_)Tenesmes (4/2_) 2 présentait un fébricule. 2 présentait un fébricule. 1 adénopathie fistulisée1 adénopathie fistulisée

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MST ANO-MST ANO-RECTALESRECTALESDocteur Bruno HaliouaDocteur Bruno Halioua

Institut Alfred FournierInstitut Alfred Fournier

Paris 75014Paris 75014

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Herpes Herpes anal:anal:

Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Condylomes acuminésCondylomes acuminés

Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Condylomes acuminésCondylomes acuminés

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Anal intraepithelial Anal intraepithelial neoplasianeoplasiaHistologyHistology

Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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Bilan clinique:Bilan clinique:

Tous les patients Tous les patients présentaient une présentaient une anorectite sévère (22/28 anorectite sévère (22/28 soit 78% des cas), soit 78% des cas), ulcéré(8/28). ulcéré(8/28).

Diarrhée glairo-sanglante Diarrhée glairo-sanglante (8/28 soit 28%). (8/28 soit 28%).

Ecoulement purulent Ecoulement purulent (11/28) (11/28)

Tenesmes (4/2_)Tenesmes (4/2_) 2 présentait un fébricule. 2 présentait un fébricule. 1 adénopathie fistulisée1 adénopathie fistulisée

Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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LES SYMPTÔMES SONT VARIABLESLES SYMPTÔMES SONT VARIABLES Douleurs abdominalesDouleurs abdominales ConstipationConstipation DiarrhéeDiarrhée TénesmesTénesmes ÉpreintesÉpreintes Prurit analPrurit anal Douleurs rectalesDouleurs rectales Pertes anales muco-purulentes et Pertes anales muco-purulentes et

sanglantessanglantes FièvreFièvre Altération de l’état généralAltération de l’état général LE TOUCHER RECTAL MUQUEUSE LE TOUCHER RECTAL MUQUEUSE

ÉPAISSIE, RIGIDE AVEC UN ASPECT ÉPAISSIE, RIGIDE AVEC UN ASPECT GRANITÉ.GRANITÉ.

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INTÉRÊT DANS LE INTÉRÊT DANS LE DÉPISTAGE DES PATIENTS À DÉPISTAGE DES PATIENTS À

RISQUERISQUE

Chez les patients Chez les patients souffrant d’anorectites souffrant d’anorectites en en cas de titre élevé > 2048cas de titre élevé > 2048 :: Question que faire si Question que faire si recherche de Chlamydia recherche de Chlamydia trachomatis par PCR est trachomatis par PCR est négative? Biopsie étagées?négative? Biopsie étagées?

•Acceptabilité par les patients

Chez les patients asymptomatiques: en cas de titre élevé > 2048 envisager un prélèvement ano-rectal sous anuscopie pour la recherche d’IST

Ig CT Ig CT 20482048

88

40964096 88

>>81928192 77

Bruno Halioua, Institut Alfred FournierBruno Halioua, Institut Alfred Fournier

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3646 HIV- discordant couples

Aciclovir 400 mg bid x 1 yr Placebo x 1 yr

Randomize HIV+/HSV2 + persons w/ CD4 > 250

1° endpoint: HIV infection in HIV-negative partners at 1 yr

HSV-2 serology & CD4 testing of HIV+ partner

HSV-2 suppressive therapy to prevent HIV transmission

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1800 HIV-/ HSV2+heterosexual women

and

1800 high-risk, HIV-/ HSV2+ MSM

Aciclovir 400 mg bid x 1 yr Placebo x 1 yr

Randomize

Harare, ZimbabweLusaka, ZambiaJohannesburg, SA

Lima, PeruSeattle, USASan Francisco, USANew York, USA

1° endpoint: HIV infection (estimated to be 3.5%/yr in placebo arm)

Proof-of-concept trial of HSV-2 suppressive therapy to prevent

HIV acquisition