POSSIBILITIES FOR POSSIBILITIES FOR EMPLOYMENT, SELF EMPLOYMENT, SELF

EMPLOYMENT AND BRAIN EMPLOYMENT AND BRAIN DRAINDRAIN

Ivana Kulpinac CrepuljaIvana Kulpinac Crepulja

Unemployment in the world reached a record Unemployment in the world reached a record

of 212 million peopleof 212 million people

EU slowly comes out of recession - in the next EU slowly comes out of recession - in the next two years, EU expects economic growth of two years, EU expects economic growth of 1.6% but also increase of the unemployment 1.6% but also increase of the unemployment

rate to nearly 11%rate to nearly 11% Now unemployment in the euro-zone, is 10% Now unemployment in the euro-zone, is 10%

for the first time since 1945.for the first time since 1945.

Unemployment-World, EU

Unemployment-Republic of Serbia

According to official data, in Serbia works less than 1.9 According to official data, in Serbia works less than 1.9 million people.million people.

Over 100 Over 100 thousands thousands are surplus, while the other, according are surplus, while the other, according the old census, more than 5 million, are unemployed, the old census, more than 5 million, are unemployed, pensioners and young people pensioners and young people

Between 300 Between 300 thousands thousands and 500 and 500 thousands thousands people people occasionally work in the "gray zone" occasionally work in the "gray zone"

Research of the Institute for Market Research, conducted on Research of the Institute for Market Research, conducted on a sample of 200 industrial manufacturers, has shown that a a sample of 200 industrial manufacturers, has shown that a fifth partfifth part of respondents planning to reduce the number of of respondents planning to reduce the number of employees in the first quarter of this year employees in the first quarter of this year

Unemployment-Republic of Serbia

Employees - annual averageRepublic of Serbia

 2001 2002 2008 2009

Employees 2.101.668 2.066.721 1.999.476 1.889.085

Employees of enterprises,institutions, cooperatives and

other organizations 1.752.226 1.676.835 1.428.457 1.396.792

Private entrepreneurs, persons who carry out activities with their

employees 349.442 389.886 571.019 492.293

Unemployment-Republic of Serbia

Employed women

 2001 2002 2008 2009

Total 900.562 893.740 873.648 837.643

Employees of enterprises,institutions, cooperatives and

other organizations 754.714 728.536 630.909 628.252

Private entrepreneurs, persons who carry out activities with

their employees 145.848 165.204 242.739 209.391

Employment Policy --Employment

The high unemployment rate even 17.4% The high unemployment rate even 17.4%

But since the beginning of January until the end But since the beginning of January until the end of March employment increased by of March employment increased by

4.8 % compared to the first three months of last 4.8 % compared to the first three months of last year year

In that period 159.339 people is employedIn that period 159.339 people is employed

Employment Policy -state employment policy Ministry of Economy and Regional Development and Ministry of Economy and Regional Development and

the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy are involved in the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy are involved in project development to combat the informal project development to combat the informal economy (strengthening the capacity of labor economy (strengthening the capacity of labor inspection)inspection)

Incentive measures of the state to prevent Incentive measures of the state to prevent employment of people in the informal economy:employment of people in the informal economy:

1.1. grant in the amount of 80 thousands to 130 thousands grant in the amount of 80 thousands to 130 thousands dinars, which are given to employers by the newly dinars, which are given to employers by the newly established workplace established workplace

2.2. funding contribution for those who employ young people up funding contribution for those who employ young people up to 30 years, people with disabilities and older than 45 years to 30 years, people with disabilities and older than 45 years of age of age

Employment Policy -state employment policy Employment Action Plan for 2010. Employment Action Plan for 2010.

predicted three important programs for predicted three important programs for employment: employment:

1.1. "First Chance" (young people without work "First Chance" (young people without work experience) experience)

2.2. Self Employment Self Employment

3.3. Program of public works (the most Program of public works (the most vulnerable categories of population) vulnerable categories of population)

Employment Policy -NGO activities Project 1000 Young Leaders of Serbia Project 1000 Young Leaders of Serbia

Group for Economic Development Group for Economic Development

Development of medium and small enterprises Development of medium and small enterprises

SME Project Information Desk (100 new enterprises)SME Project Information Desk (100 new enterprises)

Brain drain

Departure of educated young people in the world Departure of educated young people in the world educational centers and foreign companieseducational centers and foreign companies

The most drastic during the nineties, when, searching The most drastic during the nineties, when, searching for work and a better, safer life, from Serbia left for work and a better, safer life, from Serbia left

around 300 thousand professionalsaround 300 thousand professionals

Since 2004. to 2005. year, from Serbia left over 800 Since 2004. to 2005. year, from Serbia left over 800 top experts, mostly 283 from the field of Information top experts, mostly 283 from the field of Information

ScienceScience

Brain drain

Piotr Kapica said that science of a country is beheaded Piotr Kapica said that science of a country is beheaded when it lose from 50 top scientists! when it lose from 50 top scientists!

Today, from Serbia, in one year, leave around 4,000 Today, from Serbia, in one year, leave around 4,000 young high qualified peopleyoung high qualified people

Education of just one high qualified expert costs about Education of just one high qualified expert costs about 300 thousand dollars (Conference of Public 300 thousand dollars (Conference of Public Employment Services of South Eastern Europe) Employment Services of South Eastern Europe)

Since 1990. because of brain drain, Serbia lost $ 12 Since 1990. because of brain drain, Serbia lost $ 12 billion dollars on their education! billion dollars on their education!

Brain drain

South East Europe is trying to make "brain drain" in the South East Europe is trying to make "brain drain" in the "inflow" "inflow"

"Brain circulation" - many who go abroad contribute to the "Brain circulation" - many who go abroad contribute to the economy of their country by sending money to their families economy of their country by sending money to their families

The joint project between UNESCO and Hewlett-Packard The joint project between UNESCO and Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) with pilot solutions to alleviate brain drain in Company (HP) with pilot solutions to alleviate brain drain in the region realized in 2003. in several countries of the region realized in 2003. in several countries of Southeastern Europe:Southeastern Europe:

1.1. Providing resources, including technological and financial Providing resources, including technological and financial resources for different universities, this initiative has enabled resources for different universities, this initiative has enabled young scientists from cooperation within the framework of young scientists from cooperation within the framework of joint research projects with their fellow-countrymen who live joint research projects with their fellow-countrymen who live abroad. The project is provided various networking technology abroad. The project is provided various networking technology universities from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, universities from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.

Brain drain

Tempus (Tempus (with the goal of modernization of higher with the goal of modernization of higher education education ))

Scholarships of Erasmus Mundus programScholarships of Erasmus Mundus program

Strengthened the reform of education - the Bologna Strengthened the reform of education - the Bologna process process

Scientific visa Scientific visa