Positron Emission Tomography of the Brain

Edited by W-D.Heiss and M.E.Phelps

With 108 Figures

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1983

Professor Dr. med. Wolf-Dieter Heiss M,ax -Planck -Institut fUr Neurologische Forschung und Neurologische Klinik des Krankenhauses Merheim Ostmerheimer StraBe 200 0-5000 Koln 91

Professor Dr. Michael E. Phelps University of California Division of Biophysics Department of Radiological Sciences and Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine Los Angeles, California 90024 USA

ISBN-13: 978-3-540-12130-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-95428-3

e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-95428-3

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Positron emission tomography of the brain. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Brain-Diseases-Diagnosis. 2. Brain - Radiography. 3. Tomography, Emission. 4. Positrons - Emission. I. Heiss, W.-D.(Wolf-Dieter), 1939 -.11. Phelps, M.E. (Michael E.) RC386.6.T64P67 1983 616.8'047572 82-23600 ISBN-l3: 978-3-540-12130-5

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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1983

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2125/3140-543210

Preface

The International Symposium on Positron Emission Tomography of the Brain was held at Schloss Auel in Lohmar, near Cologne, FRG, on May 3rd to 8th, 1982. This isolated place was chosen to bring together and keep together people active in research employing PET. The partic­ipants were asked to report their ongoing work, to discuss upcoming problems, and to indicate future developments. In contrast to the large international meetings which suffer from lack of time for discussion and are affected by the distractions of major cities, our symposium provided ample opportunity for discussion during the scientific sessions and guaranteed a free exchange of ideas during the leisure time spent to­gether. It also gave us the chance to celebrate the founding of a new Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, whose two depart­ments are headed by Dr. K.-A. Hossmann and myself, and to mark the start of positron emission tomography in our laboratory. The book contains the invited papers presented at the meeting and the formal minipapers given at the final general discussion, moderated su­perbly by Dr. L. Sokoloff. In order to accelerate publication, the discus­sions of the individual papers and the final discussion have been omit­ted. However, every participant will remember the atmosphere and the highlights of the discussions, which gave a special character to the whole event. The style of the symposium was made possible by a generous sponsor, the UCB Company, Kerpen, FRG, whom I would like to thank for their financial support. I also express my gratitude to Dr. W. Thiede, Mr. P. Hansen, and the staff of UCB for helping to organize and realize the scientific and social aspects of the gathering.

Koln, January 1983 W.-D.Heiss

Table of Contents

Preface (W.-D. Heiss) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. v

Principles

Biochemical Principles for the Measurement of Metabolic Rates in Vivo (L. Sokoloff and C. Smith). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Experimental Application of Triple-Labeled Quantitative Autoradiography for Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow, Glucose Metabolism and Protein Biosynthesis (G. Mies, W. Bodsch, W. Paschen, and K-A. Hossmann) . . . 19

Methodology

New Design Concepts for Quantitive Positron Emission Computed Tomography of the Brain (E.J. Hoffman, J. B. Barton, M. E. Phelps, and S.-c. Huang) 30

Design Characteristics of a Multiring Positron Camera System for Emission Tomography of the Brain (L.Eriksson, C.Bohm, M. Bergstrom, K Ericson, T. Greitz, G. Blomqvist, J. Litton, L. Widen, P. Hansen, S. Holte, and H. Stjernberg) . . . . 40

Design Concepts and Performances of HEADTOME, a Multiring Hybrid Emission Tomograph for the Brain (I. Kanno, K Uemura, Y. Miura, and S. Miura) ..... 46

Radiochemicals

Labeled Compounds for Positron Emission Tomography (A.P. WolfandJ.S.Fowler) ................ .

Biochemical Parameters in Radiopharmaceutical Design (J.R.Barrio) ........................ .

Cerebral Blood Flow

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement and Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography

52

65

(Y. L. Yamamoto, E. Meyer, D. Menon, P. Roland, and M. Diksic) 78

VIII Table of Contents

The Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Man Using an in Vivo Autoradiographic Technique and Positron Emission Tomography (A. H. Lockwood, M. D. Ginsberg, B. E. Howard, P. Freed, and W. Hassel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Regional Cerebral Blood How Measurement with Fluoromethane and Positron Tomography (J. E. Holden, S. J. Gatley, R. J. Nickles, R A. Koeppe, G. G. Celesia, and R E. Polcyn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

A Method for Local Evaluation of the Volume of Rapidly Exchangeable Water in the Human Brain (J. C. Depresseux) 95

Oxygen Consumption

Measurement of Regional Cerebral Oxygen Consumption and Blood How in Man (M. E. Raichle, P. Herscovitch, W. Martin, and J. Markham) 104

Clinical Application of Measurement of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Utilization by Positron Emission Tomography (T.Jones, R Frackowiak, R. Wise, and G. L. Lenzi). 107

Positron Emission Tomography of Stroke Patients (RH.Ackerman, N.M.Alpert, S.M.Davis, RE.Kelley, J. A. Correia, G. L. Brownell, and J. M. Taveras) . . . . . 113

Local Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in Evolving Irreversible Ischemic Infarction (J. C. Baron, D. Rougemont, P. Lebrun-Grandie, M. G. Bousser, E. Cabanis, J.Bories, D.Comar, and P.Castaigne) .............. 120

Glucose Metabolism

Mapping Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal Aging and in Cerebrovascular, Degenerative, and Epileptic Disorders (D.E.Kuhl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 128

Human Sensory Stimulation and Deprivation as Demonstrated by Positron Computed Tomography (M. E. Phelps and J. C. Mazziotta) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolism: Application to the Study of Stroke (M. Reivich, J. H. Greenberg, M.J. Kushner, and A. Alavi) 153

Remote Functional Depression of Glucose Metabolism in Stroke and its Alteration by Activating Drugs (W.-D. Heiss, H. W. lisen, R Wagner, G. Pawlik, and K. Wienhard) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 162

Table of Contents IX

Regional Perfusion and Glucose Uptake Determination with llC-Methyl-Glucose and Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (K. Vyska, G. Kloster, L. E. Feinendegen, W.-D. Heiss, G. Stocklin, A Hock, C. Freundlieb, A Aulich, F. Schuier, H. U. Thal, V. Becker, and A Schmid) ...... 169

Glycolytic Rate and Histologic Grade of Human Cerebral Gliomas: A Study with [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose and Positron Emission Tomography (G. DiChiro, RABrooks, L.Sokoloff, N.J. Patronas, R. L. DeLaPaz, B. H. Smith, and P. L. Komblith) 181

Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Brain Energy Metabolism in Schizophrenia (L. Widen, M. Bergstrom, G. Blomqvist, C. Bohm, E. Ehrin, S. Elander, K. Ericson, L. Eriksson, T. Greitz, D. H. Ingvar, J.-E. Litton, L. Nilsson, G. Sedvall, and F. Wiesel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Regional Correlations in Patterns of Glucose Use in Patients with Schizophrenia and Normal Subjects During Mild Pain Stimulation (R. M. Kessler, C. M. Clark, M. S. Buchsbaum, H. Holcomb, R A Margolin, J. Cappeletti, M. Channing, D. P. vanKammen, A C. King, J. Johnson, and R G. Manning) . 196

Evaluation of Regional Glucose Metabolism with Positron Emission Tomography in Normal and Psychiatric Populations (J. D. Brodie, A P. Wolf, N. Volkow, D. R Christman, P.DeFina, M.DeLeon, T.Farkas, S.H.Ferris, J.S.Fowler, F.Gomez-Mont, J.Jaeger, J.AG.Russell, R.Stamm, and Y. Yonekura) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Protein Synthesis and Receptor Studies

Local Brain Protein Metabolism in Dementia and Schizophrenia: In Vivo Studies with llC-L-Methionine and Positron Emission Tomography (P.Bustany, J. F. Henry, T.Sargent, E.Zarifian, E.Cabanis, P.Collard, and D.Comar) 208

Brain Regional Pharmacokinetics of llC-Labeled Diphenylhydantoin and Pimozide in Man (J. C. Baron, D. Comar, C. Crouzel, D. Roeda, G. Mestelan, E. Zarifian, C. Munari, C. Stoffels, J. Bancaud, J. P. Chodkiewicz, H. Loo, and Y. Agid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 212

Mini-Papers

Potential Bromine-7 5-Labeled Brain Radiopharmaceuticals (G. Kloster, H. Scholl, P. Laufer, W. Wutz, and G. Stocklin) . . 226

Biochemical Prerequisites for Measurement of Protein Synthesis (W.Bodsch). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 229

x Table of Contents

Discrepancy Between Glucose Availability and Calculated Glucose Consumption During Acute Brain Ischemia (G. Mies, W. Paschen, and K.-A. Hossmann) . . . . . . . . . . . 232

The Relationship of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxygen Metabolism and Glucose Metabolism Following Acute Stroke (J. M. Gibbs, C. G. Rhodes, R.J. S. Wise, R.S.J.Frackowiak,andT.Jones) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237

List of Authors

Ackerman, R. H. Carotid Evaluation and Cerebral Blood Flow Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 - USA

Agid, Y. Hopitalla Salpetriere, 75013 Paris - France

Alavi, A. Cerebrovascular Research Center of the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 - USA

Alpert, N.M. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 - USA

Aulich, A. Neurologische Klinik der UniversiHit, Moorenstr.5, 4000 Dusseldorf - FRG

Bancaud,1. Hopital Sainte-Anne, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris - France

Baron,1.c. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie, 91406 Orsay - France

Barrio, J.R. UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, Division of Biophysics, Los Angeles, California 90024 - USA

Barton, J. B. UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, Division of Biophysics, Los Angeles, California 90024 - USA

Becker, V. Kernforschungsanlage Jiilich GmbH., Institut fUr Medizin, 5170 Julich - FRG

Bergstrom, M. Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Blomqvist, G. Department of Neurophysiology, Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Bodsch, W. Max-Planck-Institut fUr neurologische Forschung, Abteilung fUr experimentelie Neurologie, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 5000 Koln 91 - FRG

Bohm, C. Institute of Physics, University of Stockholm, Vanadisvas 9, 11346 Stockholm - Sweden

Bories, J. Hopitalla Salpetriere, 47 Blvd. de l'H6pital, 75013 Paris - France

Bousser, M. G. H6pitalla Salpetriere, 47 Blvd. de l'H6pital, 75013 Paris - France

Brodie, J.D. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016 - USA

Brooks, R. A. Neuroradiology and Computed Tomography Section, Clinical Center - Building 10, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

XII

Brownell, G. L. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts 02114 - USA

Buchsbaum, M. S. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 - USA

Bustany, P. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie, 91406 Orsay - France

Cabanis, E. Centre National d'Ophthalmologie des Quinze-Vingt, 75012 Paris - France

Cappeletti, J. Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Insti­tute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Castaigne, P. Hopitalla Salpetriere, 47 Blvd. de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris - France

Celesia, G.G. Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology and Neurology, Clinical Sciences Center, Uni­versity of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 - USA

Channing, M. National Institutes of Health, Depart. of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Chodkiewicz, 1. P. Hopital Sainte-Anne, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris - France

Christman, D. R Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York 11973 - USA

List of Authors

Clark,C.M. National Institutes of Health, Depart. of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Collard, P. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie 91406 Orsay - France

Comar,D. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie, 91406 Orsay - France

Correia, J. A. Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02114 - USA

Crouzel, C. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie, 91406 Orsay - France

Davis, S.M. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Neurology, Grattan Street, Parkville Victoria 3050 - Australia

DeFina, P. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 - USA

DeLaPaz, R L. Neuroradiology and Computed Tomography Section, Clinical Center - Building 10, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

DeLeon,M. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 - USA

Depresseux, J. C. Unite Medicale du Cyclotron, Universite de Liege, Sart Tilman B 30, 4000 Liege 1 - Belgium

List of Authors

DiChiro, G. Neuroradiology and Computed Tomography Section, Clinical Center - Building 10, Na­tional Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Diksic, M. Neuroisotope Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4

Ehrin, E. Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Elander, S. Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Ericson, K. Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Eriksson, L. Institute of Physics, University of Stockholm, Vanadisvas 9 11346 Stockholm - Sweden

Farkas, T. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 - USA

Feinendegen, L. E. Kernforschungsanlage liilich GmbH., Institut fUr Medizin, 5170 liilich - FRG

Ferris, S. H. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016 - USA

Fowler,l.S. Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.y'11973 - USA

Frackowiak, RS.l. MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 OHS - United Kingdom

Freed, P. Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124 - USA

Freundlieb, C. Kernforschungsanlage liilich GmbH., Institut fUr Medizin, 5170 liilich - FRG

Gatley, S.l.

XIII

Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology and Neurology, Clinical Sciences Center, Uni­versity of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 - USA

Gibbs,l.M. MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 OHS - United Kingdom

Ginsberg, M. D. Department of Neurology (D4-5), University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101 - USA

Gomez-Mont, F. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016 - USA

Greenberg, 1. H. University of Pennsylvania, Cerebrovascular Research Center of the Department of Neurology, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 - USA

Greitz, T. Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Hansen, P. Instrument AB Scanditronics, 18303 Tiibi/Stockholm - Sweden

XIV

Hassel, W. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medi­cal Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, Florida 33140 - USA

Heiss, W.-D. Max-Planck-Institut fUr neurologische For­schung, Abteilung fUr allgemeine Neurologie, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 5000 Koln 91 - FRG

Henry,J.F. Hopital Charles Foy, USN-F, 94200 Ivry - France

Herscovitch, P. Division of Radiation Sciences, MIR Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri 63110 - USA

Hock,A. Kernforschungsanlage Jiilich GmbH., Institut fUr Medizin, 5170 Jiilich - FRG

Hoffman, E.J. Division of Biophysics, Department of Radio­logical Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024 - USA

Holcomb, H. Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Insti­tute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Holden, J. E. Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology, and Neurology, Clinical Sciences Center, Uni­versity of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 - USA

Holte, S. Instrument AB Scanditronics, 18303 TlibiiStockholm - Sweden

Hossmann, K..-A. Max-Planck-Institut fUr neurologische Forschung, Abteilung fUr experimentelle Neurologie, Ostmerheimer Str. 200 5000 Koln 91 - FRG

Howard, B. E. Department of Mathematics, University of Miami,

Ust of Authors

Coral Gables, Florida 33124 - USA

Huang, S.-C. Division of Biophysics, Department of Radio­logical Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024 - USA

lIsen, H.W. Neurologische Klinik des Krankenhauses Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 5000 Koln 91 - FRG

Ingvar, D. H. University of Lund, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital, 22185 Lund 5 - Sweden

Jaeger, J. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016 - USA

Johnson,J. Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Insti­tute of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Jones, T. MRC Cyclotron Unit and Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 OHS - United Kingdom

Kanno, I. Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu kubota machi, Akita 010 - Japan

Kelley, R. E. Department of Neurology, Temple University Hospital,3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 - USA

Kessler, R. M. National Institutes of Health, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

List of Authors

King, A.c. Biological Psychiatry Branch National Insti­tute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Kloster, G. Kernforschungsanlage Julich GmbH., Institut fUr Chemie 1 (Nuklearchemie), 5170 Julich - FRG

Koeppe, R. A. Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology, and Neurology, Clinical Sciences Center, Uni­versity of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 - USA

Kornblith, P. L. Surgical Neurology Branch, Clinical Center -Building 10A, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Kuhl, D.E. Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Depart­ment of Radiological Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024 - USA

Kushner, M.J. University of Pennsylvania, Cerebrovascular Research Center of the Department of Neu­rology, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 - USA

Laufer, P. Kernforschungsanlage lUlich GmbH., Institut fUr Chemie 1 (Nuklearchemie), 5170 Julich - FRG

Lebrun-Grandie, P. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie, 91406 Orsay - France

Lenzi, G.L. MRC Cyclotron Unit and Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 OHS - United Kingdom

Litton, l-E. Department of Neurophysiology, Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Lockwood, A. H. Department of Neurology (D4-5), University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101 - USA

Loo,H. H6pital Sainte-Anne, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris - France

Manning, R.G. National Institutes of Health, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Margolin, R.A. National Institutes of Health, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Markham,J. Division of Radiation Sciences, MIR Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri 63110 - USA

Martin, W. Division of Radiation Sciences, MIR Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri 63110 - USA

Mazziotta, J. C.

xv

UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90024 - USA

Menon, D. Neuroisotope Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4

Mestelan, G. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie 91406 Orsay - France

XVI

Meyer,E. Neuroisotope Laboratory, Montreal Neurolo­gical Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4

Mies,G. Max-Planck-Institut fUr neurologische Forschung, Abteilung fUr experimentelle Neurologie, Ostmerheimer-Str. 200, 5000 Koln 91 - FRO

Miura, S. Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu kubota machi, Akita 010 - Japan

Miura, Y. Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu kubota machi, Akita 010 - Japan

Munari,C. Hopital Sainte-Anne, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris - France

Nickles, R.J. Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology, and Neurology, Clinical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 - USA

Nilsson, L. Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Paschen, W. Max-Planck-Institut fur neurologische Forschung, Abteilung fUr experimentelle Neurologie, Ostmerheimer Sb;. 200, 5000 Koln 91 - FRO

Patronas, N.J. Neuroradiology and Computed Tomography Section, Clinical Center - Building 10, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

List of Authors

Pawlik, O. Neurologische Klinik des Krankenhauses Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 5000 Koln 91 - FRG

Phelps, M. E. UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, Division of Biophysics, Los Angeles, California 90024 - USA

Polcyn, R. E. Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology, and Neurology, Clinical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 - USA

Raichle, M. E. Division of Radiation Sciences, The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 - USA

Reivich, M. University of Pennsylvania, Room 429, John­son Pavilion/G2, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 - USA

Rhodes, C. G. MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 OHS - United Kingdom

Roeda, D. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie, 91406 Orsay - France

Roland, P. Neuroisotope Laboratory, Montreal Neurolo­gical Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4

Rougemont, D. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA Departement de Biologie 91406 Orsay - France

List of Authors

Russell, J.A.G. Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N. Y. 11973 - USA

Sargent, T. Donner Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 - USA

Schmid, A. Kernforschungsanlage Julich GmbH., Institut fur Medizin, 5170 Julich - FRG

Scholl, H. Kernforschungsanlage Julich GmbH., Institut fUr Chemie 1 (Nuklearchemie), 5170 Julich - FRG

Schuier, F. Neurologische Klinik der Universitiit, Moorenstr. 5, 4000 Dusseldorf - FRG

Sedvall, G. Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Smith, B.H. Surgical Neurology Branch, Clinical Center -Building lOA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Smith, C.B. Laboratory of Cerebral Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Sokoloff, L. Laboratory of Cerebral Metabolism, Building 36, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Stamm, R. Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y. 11973 - USA

Stjernberg, H. Instrument AB Scanditronics, 18303 Tiibil Stockholm - Sweden

Stocklin, G. Kernforschungsanlage Julich GmbH., Institut fUr Chemie 1 (Nuklearchemie), 5170 Julich - FRG

Stoffels, C. Hopital Sainte-Anne, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris - France

Taveras, J. M. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 - USA

ThaI, H.U. Neurochirurgische Klinik der Universitat, Moorenstr. 5, 4000 Dusseldorf - FRG

Uemura,K.

XVII

Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu kubota machi, Akita 010 - Japan

Van Kammen, D. P. Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Insti­tute of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 - USA

Volkow, N. Department of Psychiatry, New York Universi­ty Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 - USA

Vyska, K. Kernforschungsanlage Julich GmbH., Institut fUr Medizin, 5170 Julich - FRG

Wagner,R. Max-Planck-Institut fUr neurologische Forschung, Abteilung fUr allgemeine Neurologie, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 5000 KOin 91 - FRG

Widen, L. Department of Neurophysiology, Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

XVIII

Wienhard, K. Max-Planck-Institut fUr neurologische Forschung, Abteilung fUr allgemeine Neurologie, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 5000 Koln 91 - FRG

Wiesel, F. Karolinska Hospital, 10401 Stockholm - Sweden

Wise, R.J.S. MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 OHS - United Kingdom

Wolf, A.P. Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N. Y. 11973 - USA

List of Authors

Wutz, W. Kemforschungsanlage Julich GmbH., Institut fUr Chemie 1 (Nuklearchemie), 5170 Jiilich - FRG

Yamamoto, Y. L. Neuroisotope Laboratory Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University 3801 University Street Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4

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