Posidonia oceanica, a usefull tool to biomonitor the pollution of Mediterranean coastal areas by trace elements

J. Richir, R. Biondo, J.-M. Bouquegneau, S. Gobert.

Bruxelles02-12-11

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Trace elements Ecotoxicology pollution

bioindicators =organisms accumulating pollutants to levels representative of their habitat pollution status.

P. oceanica M. galloprovincialis

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Trace elements Ecotoxicology pollution

bioindicators =organisms accumulating pollutants to levels representative of their habitat pollution status.

P. oceanica M. galloprovincialis

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Trace elements Ecotoxicology biomonitoring

TE Cd Pb Cu Zn Cr Fe Ni

# ref. 34 29 27 25 22 14 13

TE As Se Ag Co Mn Al

# ref. 3 3 2 2 2 1

TE Be Bi V Mo Sn Sb

# ref. 0 0 0 0 0 0

[TEs] in Posidonia oceanica - baselines spatial variation - contamination sources kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs]

Objectives:

Stations PACA-Corsican coasts

EXAMPLE

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 I II III IV V VIVII0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

Bi (

µg.

g DW

-1)

Bi - 18 stations PACA-Corsican coasts

EXAMPLE

1

H9-H1

Bi - Ajaccio

EXAMPLE

2

RESULTS

H9-H1

Bi - Ajaccio

EXAMPLE

2

H9H8

H7

H6

H5

H3

H2

H1

H4

H9 H

8

H7

H6

H5

H3

H2

H1

H4

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

Bi (

µg.

g DW

-1)

H9 H8 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 H2 H10.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

AN AS Calvi

Bi (

µg.

gD

W-1

)

Bi - Ajaccio

EXAMPLE

2

In situ TE contamination

• 6 days of contamination;

• 15 TEs (Pb, Co, Ag, Al, Mn, etc.);

• 410L bell-shaped mesocosm;

• Contamination every 12 hours (9am-9pm);

• 15 days of decontamination.

EXAMPLE

3

In situ TE contamination

EXAMPLE

3

C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C60

5

10

15

20

25

D0 D1 D2 D3 D5 D7 D9 D15 Nov. March

Posidonia oceanica

DGTs in mesocosm (24h)

mean contamination level

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.40.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

DGTs in Posidonia bed (48h)

mean natural concentration

Contamination (C)26th May - 2nd June 09

Decontamination (D)2nd - 14th June 09

ControlsNov. 09 - March 10

Pb

(µg.

g-1 D

W)

Pb (µ

g.L-1)

EXAMPLE

3

Pb kinetics

limb

ligula

leaf base (petiole)

EDCB

A

rootleaf base

stipule

scale

rhizome

(A) shoot of leaves on a plagiotropic rhizome; (B, C) adult leaves; (D) intermediate leaf ; (E) juvenile leaf (Libes and Boudouresque,1987).

plagiotropic shoot

orthotropic shoot

rhizome

blade

roots

Tissue compartmentalization

1. V 2. Zn Hypotheses: water column accumulation residence time dilution effect

SAL

BAL

IL

18,7 ± 5,8 157 ± 7

Tissue compartmentalization - leaves

EXAMPLE

4

03/17/0

8

06/01/0

8

11/1

0/08

03/04/0

9

06/01/0

9

11/1

4/09

03/11/1

0

05/31/1

0

11/0

1/10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12ShootRhizomeRoots

V (

µg.

g-1 D

W)

Above- vs. bellow-ground tissues

EXAMPLE

5

EXAMPLE

6

Plant physiology - shoot weight vs. V

03/17/0

8

06/01/0

8

11/1

0/08

03/04/0

9

06/01/0

9

11/1

4/09

03/11/1

0

05/31/1

0

11/0

1/10

0

2

4

6

8

VShoot weight

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

V (

µg.

g-1 D

W)

Shoot weight (g D

W)

Plant physiology - shoot weight vs. V

[TEs] in Posidonia oceanica

spatial variation - contamination sources - baselines

e.g. Bi : PACA-Corsican coasts and Ajaccio Bay

kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion

e.g. Pb

tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes

e.g. V, Zn

plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs]

e.g. V vs. shoot weight

CONCLUSIONS

QUESTIONS

Thank you for your attention

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Geophysicochemistry

EcologyTrace elements

Ecotoxicology

fluxes;

spatial distribution;

speciation, balances, …

adverse effects;

pollution, …

ecosystems;

organisms.

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Analytical steps:

• homogeneous sample

• acidic digestion in a microwave oven

• measures : inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer

MATERIAL

-

METHODS

Laboratory analyses

Ethos D

ELAN DRCII

adult leavesshoots 1/6/9

Calvi