LOCAL GOVERNMENT!Gabriella Salud!

Overview!

!   I. Federal and unitary systems!

!   II. Region, province, city, municipality, barangay!

!   III. Sectoral representation and recall!

!   IV. Bangsamoro!

Local government!

!   An administrative body for a small geographic area!

!   Agencies of the national government in the matter of collection of taxes, law enforcement and other governmental functions, which may be delegated by the national government to these local governments!

Local government!

!   Local governments constitute the foundation of the entire structure of the government!

!   The acts of the local government units affect the ordinary citizen than those of the national government!

!   The average citizen has closer contact with the local government and its agencies!

Systems of government!

System of government!

!   Distributes power among different parts and levels of the state!

!   The amount of power held by the central government determines the system of government a state has!

!   2 systems: Unitary and federal!

Unitary system!

!   Highest degree of centralization!

!   Central government holds all the power!

!   Legislative power - Congress (Senate & House of Representatives)!

!   Executive power - President!

!   Judicial power - Supreme court and lower courts!

Unitary system!

!   Same set of laws applies throughout the nation, without variation!

!   If any, lower-level governments implement the policies of the national government!

!   Current system of government in the Philippines!

!   Also in Spain, Belgium, Pakistan!

Federal system!

!   Distribution of powers between a central or national authority (federal government) and regional governments or states with their local governments!

!   Federal government usually trumps local governments in matters of defense and foreign policy,!

!   But local governments have a great deal of say over most other policy areas!

Federal system!

!   Sometimes local governments administer national policies; “nation” policy varies a great deal from place to place!

!   Regional and state governments are designed to be autonomous in their regional and local affairs; federal government proves assistance to the various regions and states!

!   e.g., USA, Germany, Canada, Malaysia!

Summary!

System! Level of Centralization! Strength! Weakness!

Unitary! High!

Sets uniform policies that

direct the entire nation!

Disregards local differences!

Federal! Medium!Gives local

governments more power!

Sacrifices national

uniformity on some issues!

Local government units!

Region!

!   A sub-national administrative unit comprising of several provinces having more or less homogeneous characteristics, such as ethnic origin of inhabitants, dialect spoken, agricultural produce, etc.!

!   There are 17 regions in the Philippines!

Province!

!   The largest unit in the political structure of the Philippines!

!   Composed of a cluster of municipalities, or municipalities and component cities!

!   Dynamic mechanism for developmental processes and effective governance of local government units within its territorial jurisdiction!

Province!

!   Its functions and duties in relation to its component cities and municipalities are generally coordinative and supervisory!

!   There are 81 provinces in the Philippines!

Province!!   Officials of the provincial

government!

!   Governor!

!   Vice-governor!

!   Sangguniang panlalawigan!

!   Provincial treasurer!

!   Provincial assessor!

!   Provincial accountant!

!   Provincial engineer!

!   Provincial budget officer!

!   Provincial planning and development coordinator!

!   Provincial legal officer, !

!   Provincial administrator!

!   Provincial health officer!

!   Provincial social welfare and development officer!

!   Provincial general services officer!

!   Provincial agriculturist!

!   Provincial veterinarian!

City!

!   Consists of more urbanized and developed barangays!

!   Coordination and delivery of basic, regular, and direct services and effective governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction!

!   There are 144 cities in the Philippines!

City!!   Officials of city government!

!   Mayor!

!   Vice-mayor!

!   Sangguniang panlungsod!

!   City treasurer!

!   City assessor!

!   City accountant!

!   City budget officer!

!   City planning and development coordinator!

!   City engineer!

!   City health officer!

!   City civil registrar!

!   City administrator!

!   City legal officer!

!   City veterinarian!

!   City social welfare and development officer!

!   City general services officer!

Municipality!

!   Consists of a group of barangays!

!   Coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction!

!   Also called a town!

!   There are 1,490 municipalities in the Philippines!

Municipality!

!   Officials of the municipal government:!

!   Municipal mayor!

!   Municipal vice-mayor!

!   Sangguniang bayan!

!   Municipal treasurer!

!   Municipal assessor!

!   Municipal accountant!

!   Municipal budget officer!

!   Municipal planning and development coordinator!

!   Municipal engineer/building official!

!   Municipal health officer!

!   Municipal civil registrar!

Barangay!

!   Basic political unit!

!   Primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the community!

!   Forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered!

!   Disputes may be amicably settled!

!   There are 42, 048 barangays in the Philippines!

Barangay!

!   Chief officials and offices!

!   Punong barangay — chief executive!

!   7 Sangguniang barangay members — legislative body!

!   Sangguniang kabataan chairman !

!   Barangay secretary!

!   Barangay treasurer!

!   Lupong tagapamayapa (10-20 members)!

Sectoral representation!and recall!

Sectoral representation!

!   Representatives from local sectoral groups are elected to sit as members of the local sanggunians in all municipalities, cities and provinces!

!   Sit as part of the sanggunian to enact laws that will address the concerns of the sectors they represent!

!   3 Sectoral representatives!

!   One (1) from the women, one (1) from the agricultural or industrial workers, and one (1) from the other sectors, including the urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, or disabled persons!

Recall!

!   Procedure that allows citizens to remove and replace a local government official before the end of a term of office!

!   Held by an election!

!   Differs from impeachment in that it is a political device, while impeachment is a legal process!

!   Impeachment requires the House of Representatives to bring specific charges, and the Senate to act as a jury!

!   For recall, specific grounds are not required!

Recall!

!   No recall shall take place within 1 year from the date of the official’s assumption to office or 1 year immediately preceding a regular local election!

!   Elective local official may be the subject of a recall election only once during his term of office for loss of confidence!

!   The elective official shall not be allowed to resign while the recall process is in progress !

Recall!

!   Commenced by a petition of a registered voter in the LGU concerned and supported by the registered voters during the election for recall!

!   Requirements:!

!   At least 25% for LGUs with a voting population of not more than 20,000!

!   At least 20% for a voting population of at least 20,000 but not more than 75,000. In no case shall the required petitioners be less than 5,000!

!   At least 15% for a voting population of at least 75,000, but not more than 300,000. In no case shall the required petitioners be less than 15,000!

!   At least 10% for a voting population of 300,000. In no case shall the required petitioners be less than 45,000!

Recall!

!   The recall of an elective local official shall be effective only upon the election and proclamation of a successor in the person of the candidate receiving the highest number of votes cast during the election recall!

!   Should the official sought to be recalled receive the highest number of votes, confidence in him is thereby affirmed, and he shall continue in office!

Bangsamoro!

Bangsamoro!

!   Bangsa - “nation” ; Moro - “Moors” (used by Spanish colonists to refer to Muslims”!

!   The Bangsamoro people are those who, at the time of conquest and colonization, were considered natives or original inhabitants of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago and its adjacent islands!

!   Spouses and descendants, whether mixed or pure blood!

Bangsamoro!

!   Autonomous political entity!

!   Will replace the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) by 2016 !

!   Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (FAB) — 3 levels of the word:!

!   Identity, territory and government!

!   Not merely a historical or cultural concept; it is a political construct!

Comprehrensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro !!   March 27, 2014!

!   Peace pact signed by the government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)!

!   Supposedly ending the decades-old armed conflict in Mindanao!

!   Agreement to pass a law creating an autonomous Muslim region by mid-2016, when Aquino’s 6-year presidency ends!

!   In return, the 12,000 member-MILF would disarm and help the national government improve the lot of Filipino Muslims!

Sources!The Local Government Code of the Philippines: Book I - General Provisions!!The Local Government Code of the Philippines: Book III - Local Government Units.!!Local government units. (n.d.) National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/

articles/con_lgu.asp!!Local government (1997). Philippine Network Foundation, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from http://www.ph.net/htdocs/government/phil/loc-gov/!!Primer on the recall process. (2008). Jaromay Laurente Pamaos-Law. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from

http://jlp-law.com/blog/primer-on-the-recall-process/!!Recall of state officials. (2013). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from

http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/recall-of-state-officials.aspx!!Sabillo, K. A. (2014). What is the comprehensive agreement on the Bangsamoro? Inquirer.net. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/589245/what-is-the-comprehensive-agreement-on-the-bangsamoro!!Local sectoral representation: A citizen's guide. (n.d.). Institute of Politics and Governance. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from

http://www.ipg.htmlplanet.com/text_only/LSR_primer.html!!The federal system. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from https://dls.dcccd.edu/usgov1-4/the-federal-system!!Federal systems. (n.d.). Encoyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467746/political-system/36704/Federal-systems!!US government and politics. (n.d.). Sparknotes. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from

http://www.sparknotes.com/us-government-and-politics/political-science/nations-and-states/section4.rhtml!!Unitary system. (n.d.). Encoyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved August 15, 2014 from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615371/unitary-system!