PORTUGAL 5813 CONTRllilUTION OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDlNG TO MEET EU 20-20-20 TARGETS

30 Oct > 1 Nov I 2013 I Guimarães I PORTUGAL

Edltors Luis Bragança Manuel Pinheiro Ricardo Maleus

tal It11 lfs(~dÃO ~iiSBE ----._. ~ PORTUGAL

© 2013 The authors

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Contents

Forc\,",ord Luís Bragança, Manuel Pinheiro, Ricardo Mateus

Chaptcr 1: Ncarly Zero Energy Buildings

Cost optimal building rcoovatioo with a nct zero cnergy target for the Portuguese single-family building stock built before 1960

Mal1uela Almeida, Marco Ferreira, Micael Pereira

Zero-Energy-Buildings and their arrangement in Zero-Energy-Urban-Quarters in differcnt climates: Derivation af design strategies based on c1imatic parameters, examples for building and urban quarter typologies and comparison with the existing ODes

Udo Dierriclt, Franz Kieh!, Liana S/oica

The first phase af a zero emission concept for ao office building in Norway Torhildul" Kristjansdottir, Sofie Mellegárd, Tor Helge Dokka. Berit Time, Matthias Haase, Jens Tonnesen

Assessing design practices tawards nearly zero energy buildings Patricia Morais. Ana Tomé

Cast aptimality and nZES target in the renavatian af Partuguese building stack, Rainha Dana Leanar neighborhaad case study

Manuela Almeida. Ana Rodriglles, Marco Ferreira

Energy Perfannance af a Galician Hastel Ruth Domi1lgllez Sanchez, César Bedoya Fl1Itos

Manitaring af lndoar Climate af a Net Zero Energy Office in Flanders Griet Verbeeck, Elke Meex

The qualifications and prafessianal campelencies af architects an the energy efficiency afbuildings, Are thcy prepared ta embrace the 2020 targets?

Sílvia Fernandes, Rui Oliveira, Maria IsabelAbreu

Chapter 2: Policies for Sustainable Construction

Including sustainability inta partfolio decisions: The example af the University af Vienna

Sigrid Niemeier, Harald Peterka

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19

27

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51

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xiv

Sustainable Construction Key Indicators 505 Ca/arino Araújo, Luís Bragança, Manllela Almeida

Chaptcr 7: Rcnovation and Retrofitfing

Renovation project / sllstainable rehabilitation centre headquarters district orParta-Portugal. 515

Lurdes Duarte, Luís Narciso, Luis Calixto

StrJtegies for regeneration ofwidespread building heritage in Italy Paola Piermattei

Environmental Impacts af Elementary School Building Renovation - Comparalive Studies

Ji,.; Sed/ák, ZUZQnG Slránská, Kare/ Struhala, Pelr Jelínek

523

531

Regenerative Universities? The role ofUniversitics in Urban Regeneration Slralegies 539 Duarte Marques Nunes, Ana Tome, Malluel Duarte Pinheiro

The integration ofsustainable solutions in Portugucsc old building architecture 547 Rui Oliveira, Maria Isabel Abrell, Jorge Lopes

The Collective Self-Organized (eSO) housing approach: improving the quality of life towards nearly zero energy strategics 555

Silvia BI1l110rO

Technologies, strategies and instruments for encrgy retrofitting of historie eities 565 Carola Clemente, Federica Cerroni, Paolo Civiero, Paola Piermal1ei, Mauro COl'setti, Pielro Mencagli, Leonardo Giannini

The inhabitable greenhouse 573 ]vIatlIilde Petri, Mel1e RasJ11l1ssen

Criteria ror thennal rehabilitation ofhatels in Oran e anaria 581 Maria Eugenia Armas Cabrera, Jaume Avellaneda Diaz-Grande

Optimization ofthe sustainability during the refurbishment operation ofa residential building 589

Isabel Matel/s, Ricardo !vIatel/s, Sandra Monteiro da Silva

Thennal Rehabilitation for l-ligher Comfort Conditions and Energy Efficicnt Buildings 597

Mihai Cinco, Diga Bancea

Energy efficient envelope for renovation of terraccd housing 605 Andrea Boeri, Jacopo Gaspari, Danila Longo

Chapler 7 • Renovalion and Relrofill ing

The integration of sustainable solutions in Portuguese old building architecture

Rui Oliveira Pol)'lecJmic Instirlllc 01 Bragança, DepartmclII olConstrllcf;on and P10l/JIillg, Bragança, Porfllga/ rolivcira@ipb.pt

Maria Isabel Abreu Po/yfcc/mic Illslitll1e o[Bragança, Depar/ment o[ColIs/l'flctiol1 and Plmll1;ng. Bragança, Portugal isabrcll@ipb.pl

Jorge Lopes PolytccJlllic IlIStillllC o[ Bragança, Depor/ment o[ColIstrucl;OI/ and Plannillg. Bragança, POl"IIIgal lopes@ipb.pt

ABSTRACT: The lo\\' energy renovatian of hislorical buildings is always a chaUenge for pro· fessionals. The recasl EPBD allows the member states nol to apply grcat parI ofits requiremenls to these kind af buildings and lhis has becn nol considered fundamental in building energy· renovarion policies. This research aim5 lo make an avervic\V of possible suslainable and low energy solutions for these buildings as weU as intcnd to focus on how deep (hese solutions has bccn implemented 50 far on Portuguese building renovalion projeets. Seven ease studies, sup· ported by lhe analysis af seven renovalion design projects, were condueted, eomplemented by in.deep expcrt interviews. This study shed more light to lhe faet Ihat it is possible lo inlegrate these solulions and also lhal it is nol common to adopt Ihem in old building renovations. This study make obvious Ihat there is an increasing awareness of professionals involved about lhe imoortance of this issue.

I lNTRODUCTION

Thcre is a growing recagnition oflhe architectural and cultural valuc ofbuildings in historie city cenlers. Gradually govemments recognize the eontribution that built cultural heritage makes lo lhe social well·being of different groups living in viii ages and cities (Tweed & Sutherland 2007). However, there are a great number of abandoned old buildings in many city ccnlers. Por­tugal, unfortunalely, has many of these examples. The historie eity eentcrs problems and lhe barriers to its renovarion are Ihoroughly known. The visible levei af deterioratian, the dccrcase of building indoar habitability canditions and the real estale speculation are cxamples. Portu· gucsc social and urban planning policies and regulalions have been over lhe years less focuscd on the increase of the building renovation but more directed to new buildings. So far, govcrn­ments did nol affer lhe suffieient poIicy 10015 to eneaurage the maintcnance af privately owned historie buildings. Nevertheless, there are some signs of a growing interest on historie centers by some specific social groups, as for example, univcrsity students and young cauples. According to Queirós (2009) lhe hisloric city centers provide uncountable benefits and opportunities, since they can be enjoyable living places in an historie and cultural environrnent, havc a strong pOlen· tiaI for laurism activities, can be attractive both cammcrcial and services areas and can offer lo· cal cmployment oppartunities, Ihus helping local economy. Teller & Bond (2002) considers that is crucial lo fouod new socio·economic uses for heritage buildings areas, in order to mainlain Ihem in sustainable aerivity cycles.

On the other hand, suslainablc buildings became nawadays lhe key to addressing multiple challenges despitc much af lhe faeus 50 far has beco maioly 00 cnergy cfficient issues. Meijer ct 0.1. (2009) cansiders Ihat exisling building stock will continue to dominate for the nex! years and ilS sustainable renovation is needed mainly for its energy·saving pOlentia!. BUI in an holi stic painl af view, lhe rcnovalioo of old buildings should embrace energy efficiency, low carbon emissions, hannonized relalionship with lhe surraunding enviranment, cosI effcetiveness, eco· nomic viability, and social equity and cultural identity (Yung & Chan, 2012).

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2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

The focus of Ihis paper, as a part of a wide research titled "Renovation managemenl in urban historic centers", is to give an evidence-based image of how deeply the subjects related with sustainability, cnergy efficiency and bioclimatic solutions are been implemented in the Porlu­guese old building renovation design projects. At lhe samc time, possible sustainable and low encrgy solutions are proposed.

In order to reach the aim of this study, a Iilerature review on scientific literature, political documents, national and intemational reports and data bases was held. Following, this research was divided in two different phases and lwo difTerent data sources, in arder to ensure well­founded and reliable data. An analysis of seven case studies was the lirst step. Seven different building renovation design projects, \Vere reviewed and objecl of a comparative analysis. Only one of the seven design projects was near to be complete and there \Vas missing data in most of lhem due lo lhe fact that nol alI parls/spccialties of lhe design project were available. Due to the lack of infonnation on Lhe design projects and for achieve more accurate dala, expert interviews to a group of se1ected stakeholdcrs were held. The inlervicws involved Portuguese archiLects and civil engineers. The interviewers work mainly in dcsign project activitics, construction management and supervision of old building renovation. The possible answcrs 10 the questions were "YES" or "NO" and additionally they could write some comments. It was only possible to make lifteen interviews in a group of forty potential stakeholders because twenty five did not reply.

3 MAIN CHARACTERlSTICS OF BUILDlNG STOCK AND RENOVA TlON CONCEPTS

3.1 Historical and old building stock doIa

European statistics reveals that 14% of European building-stock dates before 1919 and 12% be­tween 1919 and 1945 (Euroconstruct 2013). According to lhe most rccent available data [rom INE (2013), Portugal has 5 878 756 accommodations in a total of 3518 152 buildings. 01d buildings, built before the year 1945, represenl 14,4% ofthe Portuguese building stock. The Ta­ble I represents a relation bctween these type ofbuildings and their repair needs.

It is estimated that 10,6% af Partuguese existing building stock built before 1945 does nol have cQncrete struclure. From a total of305 696 old buildings built between 1919 and 1945, 135 596 have concrete structure and masonry walls with concrete slabs. There are 268 633 old buildings (7,58%) built before 1945 with repair needs and there are 40 136 buildings (1,13%) with a high levei of degradation. In total there are 308 769 old buildings with renovation needs, which is 8,71% oftolal Portuguese existing building slock. On energy use matters, Meijer et aI. (2009) found Ihat in most buildiogs statistics it is usually lo found no data available.

3.2 Sustainabilily and energy efjiciency as recommendations for buildillg renova/ion

According to the ISO 13822:20 I O (20 I O), lhe sustainable construetion principIes are applied when existing materiais and structures can be reutilized, instead of replaced by new ones, fol­lowiog building life cycle principies. The sustainability and energy efficieney issues are in­c1uded in the agenda of many European govemments and therefore it is nowadays common to found these issues as a part of many regulations, policy documenls and several associations documents and reports.

548

According to Plessis (2002) the sustainable practices could be more expressive using the fol­lowing construction sustainable principies, published in lhe First World Conference About Sus­tainable Construction (Kibert 1994), such as: minimize resources consumption; maximize re-

... Chapter 7 - Renovation and Retrofilling

sources reutilizatian; use renewuble and recycled resources; protect natural environrnent; create health and not toxic environrncnt and develop quality comfort in lhe built environrnent.

Addressing the latest Portuguesc Law 32 (2012) lhat regulales Portuguese urban and plan­ning rcnovatian activities it is cvidence-based lhe cancem about sustainability. This legal framework rcfcrs that is important to: promote buildings energy efficiency; improve habitabili­ty, functionality and comfort indoor conditions; bring up lo date infrastructures and regenerate city gardens; develop conditions to walk and increment the bicycle transport use; protect cultur­al historic and heritage as identity and culture value and promote Lhe environmental, social and economic sustainability in urban arcas.

The ICOMOS (lntemational Council on Monuments and Sites) (2003) also propose technical recommendations and guidelines to adopt particularly in old buildings and heritage protected arcas. The most relevant are: make prelirninary studies of the building conservation levei; re­duce lhe inlervention impacl to maximum and focus on the replacement of deteriorated parts; identify lhe problems and define potential solutions; make the compatibility between new and existing materiais; promote the reversibiliLy and maintain lhe original constructive techniques; improve the energy perfonnance and cornfort leveis; develop water reduce consumptions and energy efficiency solutions; respecl the building \ife cyc\e and promote maintenance and con­servation policies; preserve elements with recognized cultural and historie interest; prefer de­construction techniques in case of demolition and idcntify the problems and conslraints to re­duce risks and unexpecled situations.

3.3 AlI overview of suslainabiliry stralegies on buildillg COl1serl'alioll and renovalion

Renovating an old and historical building is a demanding challenge for professionals. Fielden (2003) refers seven different leveis of aclion in an old building: deterioration prevention, pre­servation, consolidation, restoration, rehabilitation, rcproduction and reconstruction. According to Paiva (2006) the renovation can comprise simple tasks as paintings, small repairs, modifica­tion of indaor space functions and demolilion af some simple building parts ar be more com­plex, such as, reconstruction ar restoration. A well-done preliminary diagnosis is a crucial sup­port instrument for the correct decision. The ICOMOS (2003) define historical buildings renovation as the ''process lo brillg a buildillg to a new use orfimc/ion, withOll1 change lhe por­lions oj'lhe building [hal are sigllificanl lo its historical value". These praetice represents an op­portunity to make possible a contemporary use of the buildings. This activity require specific and multidisciplinary knowledge, which success depends 00 a eoordinated and efficient man­agement effort between conservation, technical and urban devclopment professionaIs and ex­perts. Today, some authors use the tenn adaptive reuse ofbuildings. "!I is aj'or}1/ oj'stlslainable lIrban regeneration, as it e:'(lends lhe buildillg 's lije and avoids demo/ilion was/e, encollrages rel/ses of lhe embodied energy and also provides signijicanl social and economic benefits". (Yung & Chan, 2012). Adaptive reuse ofhisloric buildings has increasingly emerged in urban conservation, in particular in the developing countries howcver it is more difficult than lhe reuse of ordinary buildings because need to have minimal impact on the building heritage value. San­toli (2003) refers that building maintenance and restoration are an important contribution to sus­tainability. This author is from the opinion Ihat "lhe productioll alld lhe I/se of energy lIsing high ejjiciency stralegies, when approprialely developed, may represe11l an importanl tool for lhe protection and cOllsen1ation ofthe cultural heritage". He also believes lhat this attitude makes possible the suecessful integration of technological solutions and the improvement of the con­servation conditions, considering energy efficiency as the proper tool to be used in the conserva­tion of cultural heritage. Nevertheless, there are heritage consultants that point out that conser­vation principIes are lhe prime concem and that environmental performance criteria is nol lhe most important consideraLion in the renovation ofbuilt heritage (Yung & Chan 2012).

Nonetheless, lhe recast Energy Perfonnance Building Direetive allows the member states nol to apply the requirements to buildings and manuments officially protected ar having an archi­tectural ar historic value ar even being part of a particular environment ir this could alter their identity and appearance. In result af that, the predisposition of the slakeholders involved is nor­mally not to apply low energy solutions to lhis group of buildings beca use they not feel it is rnandatory. One important thing to underline is lhat many old buildings use vemacular arehitec­ture. This means lhat they make use of one or another passive principIes adapted to the local

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c1imate but this is usually nol enough to gct more dose to the energy efficiency leveIs of new

buildings. .., After this considerations, the question is: it is reasonable to Invest In lhe energy renovatiOn of

historie buildings? Troi (20 11) considers that ftnding conservation-compatible solutions for the energy renovations of historie buildings enhances long-tenn-c~nservation and sm~ta~nable man­agement of these buildings and urban eenters. This author esttmated l?a.t old b~lidmgs energy renovation in the EU-27 can save 180 Mt C02 within 2050. Although tt IS a major challenge to renovate energy-inefficient old buildings to lower energy consumption attending its very specif­ic demands it ofTers better thennal comfort and increase property value. There are some Euro­pean countries \Vere this started lo be a current praetice some years ago ~n~ where some on~o­ing projects, that include experts, industry partners and stakeholder asso:lU~iOns, are .developl~~ passive and active energy-renovation solutions for historie and old bUlldmgs (Trm & Lolhm 2011).

3.4 BOITiers to building renovatioll

As in renovation in general, the specific markct of conservation and renovation of old buildings faces particular barriers. The complex rennvation af these buildings have, unti~ today, contri­buted to the building of a barricr betwecn professionals active in the field (Sanloh, 2003).

For Portugal, Caias (2007) identified the following barriers: heritage protection is not suffi­ciently recognized by the govemments and institutional bodie.s as an ide~tity of the count~ cu 1-ture; there are reduced knowledge and practices of canservatlOn and mamtenance; there IS lack of tailored laws and policies, mainly for financing these activities; there are insufficient compe­tencies of project designers; there is a widespread idea that new construction is easier then reno­vation and that gives a better cost-benefit relation; many situations observed demonstrate a lack of qualificd professionals to implcment sustainable solutions and .Iack of adequat~ know-how on traditional construction techniques and finally there are not sufficlent R&D an thlS field.

At an European levei, sludies (Mcijer 2009, BPIE 2011) confinn as barriers the laek of knowledge and experience, the nol convincing eost-benefit relation for the investor, the inap­propriate produets that are geared mostly towards new construetion and few best-practice exam­pies.

4 THE INTEGRATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE SOLUTlONS IN OLO BUILDINGS

4.1 SlIstaillable and energ)'- renovatioll building solutions

It is recognizcd that the constructian teehnologies for renovation are relatively new and, unfor­tunately, most R&D and products development is direeted loward new construetion. The grow­ing tendency of the building rennvalion market probably will stimulate, in a near future, lhe de­veloprnent of ncw products, that can also be used in historic buildings. Accarding to Kibert (2005) there are some sustainable solutions that are possible to apply (Tablcs 2 and 3).

MateriaIs

Constructive technologies

550

I and olhers. Adop­'ÜiOOlDtic switches, temporized

00" ones. new reversibilily; dccanstruclion; contain composition and other standards d.uring life cycle (l?W waler and cner.gy consumplion and reduced CO2 emissions leveis m lhe manufactu~mg.' transport, mam-tenance and recycling) and be produced ncar from the local of apphcatlOn.. . _ The existing building lechnologies must be preserved and protectcd. ThlS actlOn can promote: reduetion of materiais and construction resource.s; .reduced a~~unt of con­struetion and demolition waste; budget savings and more bUlldmg authentlclty preserva­tion.

Chapler 7 - Renovation and Retrofilling

Table 3. Possible building sustainable solutions for renovation Solulions Description

Land use - Building renovalion happens in urban consolidaled arcas and uses local infraslruc­lures and lherefore helps lo preserve virgin soils.

\Vater consump­tion

Energy

Monítoring and mninlenanee

User's guide

Sustainablc ccrti­fieation

- It is important lo reuse waler (rain waler and grny waler) to use on gardens and lo flush loilel wasle. Reduce the pressure leveis, re-arrange lhe piping syslem and in­stall other efficient equipmcnts (waler reduction laps, automalic and Ihennoslatic taps) are also good slralegies.

- The energy efflclCncy can be aehleved by applylOg: photovoltalc panels on rools (which. if possible, should nol be visible from the street); an energy certification process lo promote the compatibilily belwcen cxisting and ncw solutions wilh the preservntion af cultural and historienl elements and solar collectors for DWH. - The energy and water eonsumptions should be manitored with appropriate systems following a maintennnce plano

- Therc should bc a building user's guide.

- Sustainable certihcatlOn can be done by assessing other sustainable methods (Leed, Breeam, SbTool, LiderA, elc) were lhe sustainability leveis depcnd on lhe suSlaina­ble solutions adopted.

With the propose of reaching similar energy perfonnanee requirements as those established for new buildings, it is possible to adopt in old buildings a range of passive and active energy­renovation-solutions. The implementation of the solutions mentioned above in old buildings needs interdisciplinary cooperation and supplementary effort because normalIy standard solu­tions eannot be used. Conslraints and building architectural character must be studied carefully and the option for reversible solutions are a kind of important practice that helps to preserve building identity.

The Tables 4 and 5 disdose passive solar solutions according to Stcvcn Winter Associates (1997) which have applieability and are compatible with old buildings architecture.

Direct gains

Thennal storage wall (Trombe wall)

architecture

- In winler the movable insulation is open during the day to allow heating store in noors and walls

and closed at nighl. - With south orientation it is advisable to cover

windows and doors during summer with shading devices or movable insulation, which sometimes is difficult to compalible wilh the preservation of

existing building solutions. - In summer is possible to use internai movable insulatian, ensuring air circulalion between this

device and lhe window.

- During winter is possible to collect and store heat during the day to be lransferred gradually to the indoor space, heating the room. - South oricntation behind a window or a door is thc best practice. Protection wilh solar shading systems or another insulation is important. - Thc integration is possible in eXIsting windows or doom that are nol usually opened, preserving existing materiais and outside appearance.

. , . : ,., , \ 1 ~ .... \

n",no>l "'nJ) >1 ",,,·,.11, n ....... huN 11<."", W~fa ' OI" " rTIK"'ul .... h>l

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Portugal 5813 _ Contributlon af Sustainable Building lo Meet EU 20-20-20 Targets

Table 5. Solar passive solutions compatible with old buildings architecture System Descriptions Figures

Attached sunspace

Convective loop

_ Good solution for the stora~e. distnbution and control of lhennal encrgy dunng the heating sea­sono _ There are some examples in vemacular architec­ture and it is possible to adapt contempornneous solutions to old buildings: sunspaces, bow win­dows and others.

_ The thennosyphon effect tmnsfers the heated air in the channel again to the indoor space by an up­per opening. _ During the night is necessary to insulate the windows and close the openin~s. _ Easier solution for applying 10 existing windows which preserve their original function and ap­pearance by the outside.

5 THE SUSTAINABILITY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PORTUGUESE OLD BUILDING RENOVA TION DESIGN PROJECTS

5.1 Building renovation design projecls ona/ysis

Seven different topies were scleeted for the analysis orthe renovation design projects (Tnble 6).

Table 6. Topics- Design Project Analysis - SUSlainable solutions implementation

lndex N.

Suslainable solutions implemen-tation

SI S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

Topics Waler reuse

Solar eollectors Domestic I-Iot \Vater

Electrical energy production

Energy efficiency - Thennal performance

Energy efficiency ~ Complementary solu­tions

Bioclimatic solutions

Other sustainable solutions

_ Water reuse syslems _ Solar co1lector systems for DHW _ Microgeneration: photovohaic panels and wind turbines _ Thennal regulations rcquire­menls _ Natural day1ight. vcntilators. LED lamps. hcating sy5tems with hiomass, natural gas, geothcnnal

Trombe walls, sola-riums/slInspaccs _ Natural vcntilation, grccn roofs, vegeta­tion bnrricrs for wind protection

A resume ofthe results of the design projects analysis is presented in Figure 1.

'"' .. , l~O

'"'

" .. 1";1 1.1

---, -J, .. »

- - - -

]- - - - - - - -S1 51 Sl 54 55 56 57

." .. ,

_ a) - Dcsign projccI without any reference lo sustainablc sollltions; _ b) - Dcsign projecl with refercnces to sustaioable solulions;

Figure I: Results ofthe renovation design projecls analysis - sustainable solutions implementation The building renovation design projeets reviewcd have not any referenee to "Eleclrical ener­

gy production" and "Bioclimatic solutions". Building solutions associated with "Water reuse"

552

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Chapter 7 - Renovalion and Retrofllling

and "Other suslainable solutions" appears in anly aoe design project. Fivc ofthe sevcn projects design did not use "Solar collectors DWH". The requirements 00 lhe "Energy efficiency -Thennal performance" \Vere considcred in three af lhe total seven design projects. By lhe other side, solutions related with "Energy efficiency - Complementary solutions", more in line with equiprnents and mechanical systems, \Vere used in five design projects. One question cun be made. Why thcre is a great number af design projects wilhout aoy type af implementation af sustainable, bioclimatic and energy efficient solutions? Firstly, lhe sustainability issue is a rela­tively new cancem. Secandly, aoe af the desigo prajects is fram 2001, twa af them fram the year 2011 and the remaining faur [Tom 2007 thus anly twa af lhe projects are relatively recent and eveo in the mast recent design prajecls lhe rcduced allusian to sustainable solutians was

registered.

5.2 In-deep inten1iews lo slokeho/ders

Due to the lack of some important infonnation for research arter the design projeels analysis and for aehieve more accurate data, it were made expert interviews to a group of selected stakehald­ers (Table 7). The interview's main rocus was in three ofthe topies.

The core questions, lhe results and the more relevant conclusians are in Tablc 8.

Table 7. Topics - Expcrt inlerviews N. Tapics Data saurce SI \Vater reuse Inlerview - Question I

Thennal design praject Electrical design project Thennal design project Electrical design project

S2 Solar collectors D\VH S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Electric energy production Energetic efficiency - Thennal perfonnance

Energetic efficiency - Complemenlary solutions Bioclimatie solulions

Other sustainable solutions Interview - Queslions 2 and 3 Interview Questions 2 and 3

Table 8. Inlerviews: Questions. resuIts and concJusions N. Question Results and conclusions

_ Do you consider advantageous to im- - Answers: 93,3% YES and 6,7% NO.

QI

Q2 and Q3

plement waler reuse solulions on design - There is no doubt about the interest to implement project, like automatic and thermoslatic waler reuse solutions which contribules lo a more taps and min water andJor gruy \Valer sustainable environmenla\ approach for the build-reuse? ings. _ Do you consider difficuIt to implemcnt - Answers lo Q2: 53,3% YES, 40% NO and 6,7% in historie cenlers buildings bioclimatic without nny answer. Answers lo Q3: 100% YES. solutions and other sustainable solutions - The majority of the interviewed consider the fact different than conventional ones? that being hisloric buildings represents a construint

to implement bioclimatic solutions (Question 2). - Do you think is important in building renovalion to considerer suslainable and bioclimatic design so\utions?

- By the other side, al1 slakeholders consider un­questionable to apply these solutions in building renovation desig:n projects (Question 3).

6 CONCLUSIONS

Thc renovation of the historie centers and its buildings could be the opportunity to apply sus­tainable practices. Old buildings need conservation, indoor eomfort and better energy perfor­mance to reach lhe [unctionalities rcquired by lhe modem soeietics way of living. The studies mnde so far consider that historie arehitecturc can orten be adapted to mcet modem require­ments without losing heritage value and also that is one of the importanl strategies to reduce carbon emissions. It is possibIe to implcment sustainable and energy cffieient soIutions keeping social, historieal and cultural identity despitc this requires specifie technical knowledge from the

professionals involved. The analysis of the building renovation dcsign projects demonslrated lhat it is not common

to adopt an energy efficient renovation approach in Portuguese historie and oId building renova­tion dcsign projects. The documents analyzed revealed interesting building solutions although

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Portugal 8 B13 - Conlribulion of 8ustainable Building lo Meel EU 20·20·20 Targels

mosl cammoo building solulioos registered \Vere oot so different of conventional ones. The analysis made shed more light to the fact that it \Vould be possible to implement even better and more sustainable practices and therefore get more close lo lhe energy efficiency leveis of lhe new buildings.

The study have demanstrated Ihat despite lhe majari ty af lhe professionals consider lhe his­torie conlext of these buildiogs as a barrier there is an evidenl awareness af architects and civil engineers that is importaot to search for more know-haw and training to implerncnt sus tainable, bioc1imatic and eoergy efficieot solutions in these type of buildings. Hawever, they are al so [rom lhe opinion that it is possible to adapt these solutions but it is fundamental follaw a multi­disciplinary approach between stakeholders, overcoming the gap between innovation and con­servatioo ar rcnovation.

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