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CCGS/CBM/ECBM Project
Porto Batista Pilot SiteParaná Basin
Charqueadas Coalfield
Triunfo – RS – Brazil
1st Symposium on No-Conventional Energy Generation - Coal & Gas HydratePorto Alegre, July 28, 2010
Presentation Outline
PROCARBO – Clean Coal Technologies Program
Why CCGS / CBM / ECBM projects in Brazil?
Project Phase # 01
Porto Batista screening criteria's (CBM x ECBM x CCGS)
Steps to CBM sampling in Porto Batista Pilot Site
Field operations - methodology (analysis and assays)
Next steps – Project Phase # 02
CO2 Storage/CBM/ECBM ProjectsEnhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery
Coal Seam
The well produce water
Pumped water decreases and the production of gas increases
It may take several years to achieve full-scale gas production
Generally the deeper the coal bed the less water present, and the
sooner the well will begin to produce gas
Hydraulic fracturing is used to stimulating gas flow in CBM wells
Cavitation (also known as open-hole cavity completion) water, and air or foam are pumped into
the well to increase the pressure in the reservoir. Shortly thereafter, the pressure is suddenly
released, and the well violently blows out, spewing gas, water, coal and rock fragments
Produced water may be: discharged onto land, spread onto roads, discharged into
evaporation/percolation pits, reinjected into aquifers, discharged into existing water courses (with
the proper permit), or disposed of in commercial facilities
PROCARBO – Clean Coal Technologies ProgramCEPAC / PETROBRAS
•Petrography and geochemistry characterization of selected coal fields and
coal seams
•CBM/ECBM – Determination and estimation of coalbed methane content in
coal samples (Q1 lost gas-Q2 desorbed gas and Q3 residual gas)
•Coal permeability (in situ) and CO2 injectivity tests
•CARBOGIS – Underground Coal Gasification and syngas generation
associated to the carbon CO2 capture and geological storage;
•PRORESERVA – Simulation of CO2 plume and interactions between CO2-
fluid-rock;
•CARBOMETANO – Technical and economic viability of CBM/ECBM and UCG
projects;
Brazilian southernmost coal resources (RS – SC – PR)
Off-shore (?) undiscovered potential coal reserves (to be confirmed)
Increasing natural gas demand
CBM/ECBM projects are strategic
Back-up for the regional energy matrix
Assuring energy security for Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states
Motivation to CBM / ECBM and CCGS projects in
brazilian coal production states (RS – SC – PR)
Best matched capacity (CO2 stationary sources and coalfields)
Stationary CO2 emissions (coal power plants) to be used in ECBM projects
Short distances (<50km to 150km) to energy consumer areas
such as Porto Alegre and Triunfo Petrochemical Center
The excess of CO2 can be storage in Paraná Basin saline aquifers
Motivation to CBM / ECBM and CCGS projects in
coal production states (RS – SC and PR)
Geological, structural, cap rocks, CH4 production and carbon dioxide injectivity
characterization - key points for startup CCGS/CBM/ECBM projects
Brazilian Coal Industry building know-how to CCT projects implementation
The challenge is to guaranty financial support to CCGS/CBM/ECBM and UCG
pilot and demonstration projects
The environmental, legal and regulatory framework will be supported by the first
pilot projects experimental results and feasibility analysis
Challenges to carry out CCGS /CBM / ECBM
projects in brazilian coalfields
Coal resources in Brazil - Parana Basin
(coal seams and saline aquifers)
Target sedimentary basin for CCT Pilot Project
Theoretical capacity of
saline aquifers:
ca. 462,000 Mt
Theoretical capacity in deep coal
seams: ??
Better Matched & storage capacity
CCS targets:
Devonian saline aquifers - Permian saline aquifers and coal seams
Geological sinks - onshore
Coal Fields
Brazilian coal fields (CPRM, 1987)
High ash (up to 50%), sub-
betuminous and betuminous coal
• Resources of deep coal (>
300m): ca. 11,691 millions ton
•Off-shore potential resources ?
• Coal – gasification with CCS &
ECBM recovery
Coal Resources/Reserves
Coal characterization
Coal Composition
Target areas for potential CBM/ECBM pilot tests
•Occurrence of deep (>300 m) seams in the Paraná Basin (ECBM)
•The Santa Terezinha Coalfield, in the Rio Grande do Sul State, most
potential site to storage CO2 and produce CH4
•Charqueadas - Chico Lomã - Sul Catarinense Coalfields must be better prospected
• Huge potential for undiscovered resources in the continental platform (offshore)
ECBM potential in Brazil
Carbometano Project Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery
Porto Alegre – Petrochemical Center 42 km distance
Large number of well distributed drillholes data located close to
Porto Batista Pilot Area. Robust Geological characterization
Coal seam continuity
Coal thickness
Overburden
Cap rocks
Structural framework
Hidrogeology
Correlation Charqueadas-Santa Rita coalfields
(Modified from Piccoli, Marques-Toigo & Correa da Silva, 1985)
Stratigraphic section W-E
Charqueadas Coalfield
Six coal seams occur in the basin, named from top to bottom:
SB, MB, I1F, I1Fa, I2B e I3F.
I1F, MB and I2B present regional distribution in the area
The Charqueadas coal resources reach 2994,4 Mt in situ
Coal seam characterization
Coalfield strike EW 40 km x 4 km reaches 15 km on the east side of the Charqueadas Basin
(400 km2), with overburden between 50m and 400m
Screening criteria - Porto Batista Pilot Site selection
Charqueadas Coalfield (Triunfo District) / RS - Brazil
The potential Charqueadas-Santa Rita Coalfield target areas between 300 m
– 800m overburden
Coal resources corresponding to 3,000 Mt (1,800 Mt below 300 m depth)
More then 150m of siltstones and shales potential cap rocks
Do not observed occurrence of water leakage in old underground coal mines
CO2 matching (emissions and coalfields)
Robust regional and local geological characterization
(COPELMI and CPRM boreholes dataset, maps and well descriptive profile)
Emissions sources / consumption centers (CH4 and CO2 matching)
Organic extract – 5,700 ppm (I1F e I2B coal seams)
Charqueadas coal seams characterization
Charqueadas coal seams characterization
Assessment of performance and safety of Cap Rocks under CCS conditions
Source: ANP (from Milani et al. 1993)
Porto Alegre
Cap Rocks characterization
FaultsContinuityConnectivity
Fractures
Heterogeneity
•Cap Rock characterization (heterogeneity, continuity, connectivity, stratigraphic,
faults X fractures);
•Cap Rock properties (reactivity, permeability, mineralogy and homogeneity)
•CO2/Cap Rock interaction (diffusion, rupture, capillarity, fractures opening/closure,
minerals dissolution, supercritical CO2 behavior);
-Geologic context
-Risk analysis
Modified from Credoz, 2008
Cap Rocks characterization
Charqueadas Coalfield
Cap rocks potential lithologies
siltstone
Massive siltstoneCarbonaceous
shale
Siltstone
STM (caprock)
Pilot Site Area Selection
(CEPAC-01 Well)
CEPAC-01
Site details
• 2 wells
• 350 meter depth
• Core diameter – HTW (70,9 mm)
• Casing – 4” (101,6 mm)
• High sulfate-resistant portland cement – Class G (Filling the annular space between the bore hole and the casing)
• Well Spacing – 20 meters
Coalbed methane gas sampling (Q1 – Q2 – Q3)
Sampling protocol adaptations – proactive sampling
Cap rocks characterization (Fm. Rio Bonito – Palermo)
Rock mechanics analysis (Uniaxial Compressive Strength)
Rock Fluids (cap rocks – coal – sandstones)
Geophysics Section (density – gamma – resistivity – sonic -
down-hole, etc.)
Gas Sampling
Gas content determination - chromatography
3D Tomography – coal cleat system analysis
Cap rocks characterization - permeability
Coal Petrography
STM and X-ray analysis (weathering products and
mudstones)
Fluid analysis
Isotopic geochemistry
Adsorption isotherms – CH4 and CO2
(gravimetric methodology)
Analytical steps
Porto Batista Pilot Site Coal Sampling
Field geological description
SELO
Solution+
CO2
Micro-organisms
?
Cap Rock biogeochemical alterations
Sampling of fluids and rock plugs
“Rock fluids DNA”
“Compared Genomic Stratigraphic”
Well CEPAC-01 – coal sampling orientation
Waiting for the coal sampling moment…
CBM Sampling
Coal samples being sectioned and put into sealed canisters
Geophysics Section
(density – gamma – resistivity – sonic -down-hole)
Coal cleat analysis systems
Coal cleat analysis – 3D tomography
Field lab gas content analysis (Q2)
PROINPOWell Integrity Research Program
Well complementationannular space between the bore hole and the casing
High sulfate-resistant portland cement
PROINPO
Research program on wellbore integrity
Coal samples petrography analysis
Relationship between coal composition,
litotypes and gas content
(for each canister)
Fotomicrografia em luz branca à esquerda, e ultravioleta à direita. Observa-se os três grupos
de macerais, inertinita (I), vitrinita (V) e liptinita (L).
I
V
L L
Análises químicas imediatas dos carvões de Charqueadas segundo Correa da Silva et al. 1984.
Local de coleta Camadas
MINA* S171** S41***
MB I1F I2B MB I1F I2B MB I1F I2B
Umidade % 6,6 10,2 14,8 2,6 2,6 4,2 1,5 2,4 4,5 Cinzas (bs)% 14,0 17,5 19,2 40,5 41,6 34,4 67,7 41,7 50,4 Matéria volátil (bs) % 36,7 36,2 41,9 24,9 25,3 26,5 15,6 22,5 17,5 Matéria volátil (bsic) % 43,8 45,3 43,1 49,2 39,6 36,9 Carbono fixo (bs) % 54,4 49,0 46,9 32,0 30,5 34,9 16,2 34,4 29,9 Carbono fixo (bsic) % 56,2 54,7 56,8 50,8 60,4 63,1 Enxofre (bs) % 0,6 0,7 0,7 1,3 0,8 0,9 P. Calorífico (bs) cal/g 4326 4302 4896 P. Calorífico (bsic) cal/g 6579 6829 5930 7271 7366 7463
* NAHUYS (1967) análises feitas em material flutuado em líquido de densidade 1,50. ** FERREIRA et al. (1978). *** Sobre carvão bruto (I1F carvão puro; MB e I2B carvão + estéreis) Bs – base seca; bsic – base seca isenta de cinzas
Relationship between coal composition,
litotypes and gas content
?
High precision permeability tests
Potential cap rocks characterization
Swelling and shrinkage
- Geological and structural 3D modeling
- Coal cleat analysis (CT Scan)
- CO2 injection simulation (swelling and shrinkage)
- Simulators for gas and water production in coal seams and other
geological formations;
- Gas diffusion behavior through fractured media over time;
- Simulation of horizontal and vertical wells;
- Data input via sorption isotherms (matrix-cleat interface)
Numerical computational modelling
Simulation CO2 plume
CO2 plume numerical modelling
Next step - construction of sites for R&D in MMV technologies:
- Near-Surface investigation:
- CO2 properties and behavior;
- Surface leakage (seepage) detection strategies;
- MMV integration;
- State-of-the-art techniques for early near-surface CO2 detection.
MMV ProjectMonitoring, Measurement & Verification
- Subsurface investigation (CO2 injection in coal seam):
- Phenomenology involved in the system CO2-H20-Water;
- Leakage/seepage prediction via computational modeling;
- MMV integration;
- State-of-the-art geophysics for early leakage detection and
remediation
MMV ProjectMonitoring, Measurement & Verification
Program funding
Technology transfer
International cooperation
Capacity building Risk assessmentstudies
(MMV) Monitoring Measurementand Verification
Environmental impactassessment
CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES - CCT
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Porto Batista Pilot Site development stages
Evaluation of Charqueadas coalfield gas in place
Rock fluid analysis – DNA
Drilling monitoring wells
Ongoing activities & Next steps
Replicate pilot site in other coal deposits
Analytical studies (swelling and shrinkage)
CO2 injectivity and CH4 production tests
Evolve to demonstration scale, integrate with CO2 capture plant
Testing of UCG+CCS technologies in coal deposits in Brazil
Porto Batista Pilot Project (CBM / ECBM)
Key to CCGS / CBM / ECBM exploitation success!
Dedication and team work
Thank you for the whole CEPAC
PETROBRAS and COPELMI staff!!
Thank you
for your attention!!
More information
http://www.pucrs.br/cepac
