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Portland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10

Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

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Page 1: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Portland HarborSuperfund Site

Presentation to the

Public

Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10

Page 2: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Lower Willamette River

2

Page 3: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

3

Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Early Action Cleanup

In-RiverCleanup

Source control

Page 4: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Basis for Action

• Unacceptable risk to human health

• Most exposure/risk – fish consumption

• PCBs and dioxins/furans site wide

• DDx and PAHs on localized scale

• Unacceptable risk to ecological receptors

• Focus on Ecological Significance

• Most risk to birds, fish, and mammals – fish

consumption

• Benthic risk – primarily groundwater, pesticides

and metals4

Page 5: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Contaminants

• 64 Contaminants of Concern (COCs)

– Sediment/river banks (24)

– Biota (17)

– Surface Water (27)

– Pore Water (groundwater) (39)

5

Page 6: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Focused COCs

• Focused COCs

– PCBs

– PAHs

– DDx

– Dioxins/Furans

• Most widespread

• Most associated risk

• Addresses other COCs

6

Page 7: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Example Remedial Action Level Curve

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Page 8: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Example of Contaminant Distribution

8PCBs

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

≤9 >9 - 50 >50 - 75 >75 - 200 >200 - 500 >500 - 750 >750 -

1,000

>1,000

Fre

qu

en

cy

Concentration Bins

Detect

Non-Detect

Page 9: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Example of Contaminant Distribution

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Page 10: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup
Page 11: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup
Page 12: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Sediment

Page 13: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Removal

ALL ALTERNATIVES

Are Different Combinations of:

Natural RecoveryContainment

Dredging CappingEnhanced Natural

Recovery (ENR)Monitored Natural

Recovery (MNR)

Page 14: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Institutional Controls

• Whole River

– Fish consumption advisories

• Capped Areas

– Waterway Use Restrictions or Regulated

Navigation Areas (RNAs)

– Land Use/Access Restrictions

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Page 15: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Why Use Natural Recovery?

• Upriver Sediment Load

– 82 percent passes through site

– 18 percent retained

• 277 million kg/year

– Lower contaminant concentrations

– Transitional River System

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Page 16: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Evidence Evaluated for Natural Recovery

• Deposition rates – bathymetric survey

• Consistency of deposition/erosion

• Sediment grain size

• Anthropogenic factors – propeller wash

• Surface-to-subsurface sediment ratio

• Waves

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Page 17: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Summary of Technology

Assignments

17

Alt

Dredge

Volume

Dredge

Areas

Dredge/Cap

AreasCap Areas

In-Situ

AreasENR MNR

Construction

TimeframeCost

(Cu Yd) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Years) ($M)

B 659,000 72 6 23 7 100 1,966 4 451

C 790,000 87 6 30 5 97 1,948 5 497

D 1,226,000 132 11 45 3 87 1,900 6 654

E 2,204,000 204 15 66 0 60 1,838 7804

870

F 5,100,000 387 32 118 0 28 1,634 131,317

1.371

G 8,294,000 572 47 185 0 20 1,391 191,731

1,777

H 33,487,000 1632 106 535 0 0 0 629,446

9,525

I 1,855,000 167 17 64 0 60 1,876 7746

811

Preferred Alternative

Page 18: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Areas Modified from Alternative E

• SDU 5.5E – Alternative F

• SDU 6.5E – Alternative B + PTW

• SDU 6NAV – Alternative B + PTW

• SDU 6W – Alternative D

• SDU 7W – Alternative F

• Areas outside SDUs – PTW only

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Page 19: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Preferred Alternative

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Page 20: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Preferred Alternative Technologies

Addresses

85% of the

Risk

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Page 21: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

EPA’s Evaluation Criteria

The Proposed Cleanup Plan must:� Protect Human Health and the Environment

� Comply with Federal and State Environmental Laws

It must achieve the best balance of:� Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence

� Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume through Treatment

� Short-term Effectiveness

� Implementability

� Cost

These criteria are considered after public comment period:

� State/Tribal Acceptance

� Community Acceptance

Page 22: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Containment Natural Recovery

Removal

ALTERNATIVES

High Cost and Construction Impacts Low $$$$

Low Uncertainty High? ???

Alternatives have Different Features and Effects

Page 23: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Outcomes of Preferred Alternative @ t=0

• Address majority of PTW

• Minimize Institutional Controls for RAO 2

• Minimize recontamination from riverbanks

• Maintain Alternative E fish consumption rates

• Minimize river use restrictions (caps)

• More consistent risk reduction

• Reduces impacts to habitat

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Page 24: Portland Harbor Superfund SitePortland Harbor Superfund Site Presentation to the Public Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10 Lower Willamette River 2 3 Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup

Tell us what you think

• Comment period: June 9 – September 6, 2016

• All documents are on EPA’s web site:

http://go.usa.gov/3Wf2B

• Can comment by – e-mail

[email protected]– Mail

Attn: Harbor Comments U.S. EPA, 805 SW Broadway, Suite 500Portland, OR 97205

– Electronic comment box: https://www.epa.gov/or/forms/comment-epas-proposed-cleanup-plan-portland-harbor-superfund-site

– Orally at a public meeting