Portfolio Nieves Fernández

ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING, ETC...

NIEVES FERNANDEZ CASTAÑERA

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Master in Collective Housing 2013

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5

INDEX 00 PREFACE 6

Urban Design. 01 DOMESTICITY 8 Slowmadness/Juan Herreros 02 PLAYING IN A STRUCTURE 20 Play in the city/Francisco Burgos 03 MAD-BUILDING 26 Residential urban design/Bernardo Ynzenga 04 SLUM UPGRADING 34 Low cost/Emergency housing María Teresa Diniz

Housing Design

05 18 METRES DEPTH 44 Deep house experiments/Andrea Deplazes 06 MR. OTTER AND I 52 Live with/like animals/Hrvoje Njiric 07 INHABITING A SKYLIGHT 62 Inhabited screens/Cino Zucchi 08 HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY 68 From city to house/Dietmar Eberle 09 SHARE 74 Quality of life/Anne Lacaton

Housing Systems

10 METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE 78 Construction and Technology/Ramón Araujo 11 ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 90 Javier García German

12 SUMMARY 100

6

00 PREFACE

This booklet is the result of an in-tensive work during this year. The main topics addressed here go from the urban to housing de-sign. Housing is not easy, from my point of view is the most difficult part in architectu-re, because is the place where the people spends the most parte of their time. Housing should be rethinked and adapted to the current ways of living. We should think in new construction methods, in sustainability, and of cours in comfort.

There are several ways to face architec-ture, this Master tries to open your mind and think in architecture as something that can be approached from the most functional to the most utopic way. Who would imagine that housing can be design from the house of an animal?

I would like to say thank you to all the teachers involved in this project, to the Direc-tor of the MCH for creating an excellent Master, to Sevastian Severino and María José Manga for all the help, and specially to all my classmates and friends for this wonderful year.

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URBAN DESIGN

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01

SLOWMADNES Juan Herreros

When the speed is decreased, it affects the different scales and provides a new inter-est to the domestic space, its surroundings and the rest of the city understanding it as a con-tinuous transition. The models of quality, pres-tige and confort established during the “boom” have failed, but it is necessary to act quickly inventing new options.

Considering the urban tissue, preserva-tion values of the catalogued buildings and the social richness, we will work with total freedom to design at a scale that is somewhere in bet-ween a building and an urban plan. These condi-tions will generate advanced residential pro-jects that can read the diversity of its users and the demand of the of the building and hou-sing types excluded by traditional real estate. Facilities, colective programs and public space will be main ingredients of this project.

The location is in Embajadores, Madrid. This neighborhood is the most dense in the city (500inh/ha). The blocks in Embajadores have ar-chitectural treasures from a preservation point of view, but also sub-standard housing and over-crowding.

DomestiCITY

Madrid city centre

Embajadores

LAVAPIES

LOCATION

9

DomestiCITY

50% dwellingsare between

30m2-60m2

4-10 inha-bitants per apartment

1 park in all the

neighborhood

65% of the population

over 60 years old

1 multisportcourt for 150.000

inhabitants

1 bascketballcourt for 150.000

inhabitants

NO space for

visitors

small courtyards inside the buildings

narrow streets and

alleys

NO space for

gardens

NO panoramic

views

NO space for

laundryline

NO space for

storage

NO space for

bikes

What is the situation in Embajadores?

10

DomestiCITYpreserve the existing

use the existing facilities

add a new city on top

Strategies

The main intention of the proyect is preserve the existing con-ditions in the neighborhood. Embaja-dores and Lavapies have a unique and special atmosphere that you can not find anywhere else in Madrid; lab-yrinthic streets, people form diffe-rent nationalities, exotic shops, bohemian cafés and bars... The strategies followed tries to keep these atmosphere and take them to a new elevated level that does not compete with the current fabric, but take advantages of the existing facilites inside and outside the buildings to work in a synergis-tic way.

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DomestiCITY

Masterplan

The idea is to im-plant a new multilayer city in the top of the building providing new rooms for those who already live here (bigger kitchen, extra be-droom, storage room,etc...) and dwellings for new resi-dents.

Vertical connectionSTORAGE

Block 1 & 2DWELLINGSEXTRA-ROOMS:

Roof TopCOMMUNITY FACILITIES

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DomestiCITY

What means DomestiCITY?

DomestiCITY

SpaceComfort

Ownership

Relation-ship

connec-tion

family

agree-ment

intimacy

interac-tion

well-being

area

quiet

relax

rest

ease

room

extent

posse-ssion

home

resi-dence

occupancy

control

SPACECOMFORT

RELATIONSHIPOWNERSHIP

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DomestiCITY

Ingredients

Spaces

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DomestiCITY

BBQing

To project DomestiCITY, we start from redefining the spa-ce, looking for new optimum spaces based on everyday activities and others based on the new ways of living.

VIEW

PANORAMIC VIEW

SKY VIEW

NATURAL LIGHT

PRIVACY

SPACE ADAPTABILITY

NON PHASED ACTIVITY

STEPED SPACES

FLEXIBILITY

OPEN SPACE

Activities Space Features

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DomestiCITYSection Plan m2

22m2

13m2

15m2

12m2

Rooms The unit

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Dwelling typology

public corridor

sleepingstudying

sleepingstudying

relaxingrelaxing

entrancehobbyreading

watching TVgamingentrance

hobbyreading

watching TVgaming

cookingeating

cookingeating

84 m2 168 m2 252 m2

Entrance level 1 level 0

More inhabitants, more space to live

DomestiCITY

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DomestiCITY

18

DomestiCITY

19

DomestiCITY

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PLAY IN THE CITY Francisco Burgos

When we talk about the design of objects for children, designers often make the mistake of over-figuration: a duck-shaped seat, a seesaw that is a horse, a frog or an elephant.

But we all know that for a child just any stone can be a boat, a branch can be a horse and a lot of sand a castle. Those shapes that are not completely certain are the ones that stimulate more the imagination and the creative development of a child. Because one day a stone is a boat and the next day that same stone is a turtle or a race car.Is then a wise move to sha-pe the slides as elephants in city playgrounds?

The aim of this project is to imagi-ne places where objects appear with a suffi-cient degree of abstraction as to not limit the child’s imagination. Any element can be whate-ver a child wants at any moment or even nothing specific, but simply that of which hangs, jumps, passes, or whatever that allows all kinds of ga-mes and movements

02 Playing in a structure

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Playing in a structure

In dense cities all over the world there are lots of empty and abandoned plots in-between buildings usually long, dark and very narrow. This spaces are dirty voids in the urban fabric, wasted areas that can be used by the neighbors. Sometimes these narrow gaps are use just to prop-ping up the buildings on each side with scaffol-dings but, How about using the scaffoldings as a playground? How about creating a space for kids, neighbors, elders just around the corner? How about solving those forgotten areas and turn them on im-portant points in the city?

What happend with 1 support?.............................and 2?............and 3 or more?

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R 0,75 m

R 0,55m

R 0,45m

Strategies

OPENINGS FOR LIGHT

CONTINUITY IN GROUNDFLOOR

AREAS TO STAY / RESTDENSER AREA FOR SAFETY

SKYLINE VIEW

The strategies are simple. The distances between the sticks are the minimum that allow adults and children to climb and move through the whole structures in a safe way. The spaces that are created not just in the ground floor but in different heights are easily reached and provide areas of rest, enjoyment, and stay.

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24


25


We believe in a playground that have the appropriate risk to deve-lop children personality and give them more challen-ges, more fun and enjoyment but without forgetting the safety in the whole pla-ce. This play area is not just focused in kids, it is a place for teenagers, or youngsters to work out, for adults that can stay there while watching up their children, for el-ders to stay and chat. This structure allows the enti-re neighborhood to climb to the top and enjoy the skyline view of the whole city.

This is a structure that solves a gap in the city. This is a structure that solves a gap in the neighbor-hood. This is a plays-cape.

Details

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03 MAD-BUILDING

RESIDENTIAL URBAN DESIGN Bernardo Ynzenga

The three chosen plots are located bet-ween Atocha´s and Delicias´s neighborhoods. The main problem of these areas are the total disconnection with the surrounding due to the railroads, the break in the topography and a not well resolved urbanism due to the change from the old industrial fabric to an new one made from offices and services which results in some empty spaces.

According to this, our answer is dealing, on the one hand, with these problems; but on the other hand trying to find how people want to live in the 21st century and giving a common and total response to the three zones.

In the 21st century people from the town is moving the city. People nowadays want to be collective, wants to be compact in the sense of having their work and the basic services near their house. In contrast to this feeling, the urban planning of the 21st century is creating huge city expansions along the suburbs with very low density and where the car is becoming more and more necessary.

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MAD-BUILDING

Strategies

10,7 ha

12,4 ha

6,2 ha

-increase the connectivity with the metro sta-tions.

-solve the railroad gap.

-create more connections between the 3 areas.

-Apply the same strategy to the 3 zones.

1

2

2

1

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MAD-BUILDING

We believe in a compact, sustai-nable and collective city, where the pedestrian is the protago-nist. A compact city means less roads for cars, fewer resources used, less transportation and less impact in the environment. We believe in the ancient Kash-ba, the traditional Chinese hou-se, the patio-houses in Seville, with a completely different and independent world in the inte-rior. Our proposal is based on all these typologies; we want to create a mix-use neighborhood with patio-building typologies and a sense of collectivity in the entire area. Our project is composed by three “mat-buil-dings” that solves the railroads barriers and creates more con-nections with the current fa-bric.

CONNECTIVITY

DIFFERENT TYPOLOGIESHOUSING 265,000 sqm

DENSITY

Total area: 36,2 haDensity: 244 p/ha Housing: 265,000 sqmUrban facilities: 84,000 sqm

COMMUNTY LIFECOMMUNITY SPACE

MIX-USE

COMMUNITY

BASIC SE

RVIC

ES

CAR

URBA

N FA

CILI

TIES

PEDE

STRI

AN

COMPACT CITY

SHORT DISTANCES

SOCIAL COHESION

SUSTAINABILITY

PEDESTRIAN / CAR

Compact City

HEALTHCARE1,827 sqm

EDUCATIONAL10,879 sqm

COMMERCE41,580 sqm

OFFICE 16,990 sqm

PUBLIC SPACE

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MAD-BUILDING

30

MAD-BUILDING

Density compare to other cities

The importance to the public space first is given by the organization into a hierarchy of the different public spaces; streets, alleys, squares, patios…, which connects the inner spaces in-between the “MAD-building” with the urban space in a free and permeable way. All these allow the compatible connection between the pedestrians, cars and buildings.

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MAD-BUILDING

Car circulation ground floor

Pedestrian circulation 1st floor

Greenery

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MAD-BUILDING

The “MAD-building” is a three-story building with a series of diffe-rent collective housing sizes, services and streets. The aim of the project is a completely functional 72x72 meters cell which is multiplied and spread all over the surface trying to take advantage of every available meter connecting and sewing the different pieces of the exis-ting fabric.

Cell System

72 m

72 m

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MAD-BUILDING

COMMERCE

COMMERCE

HEALTHCARE

KINDERGARDEN

COMMUNITY LIFE

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04

SLUM UPGRADING

LOW COST/EMERGENCY HOUSING María Teresa Diniz

More than the half of the world’s dwe-llings have been built with any regulation. This is the case of Sao Paolo, Brazil, where one third of the population lives in favelas.

This is a problem that must be solved, people is building in any available squared me-ter. This slums are erected in high-risk areas (near rivers or slopes) and most of the time are in precarious conditions due to the lack of the infrastructures and facilities required.

The intervetion area is located in Vila Cristina. This zone is surrounded by a river where all the sewage and drainage is going and contaminating it.

The aim of this project is definying the priorities in this settlement, preparing diffe-rent programs to reactivate the zone, optimi-zing all the resources and stablish new systems of roads, sewage, drainage and water supply in order to reorganize and clean the entire neigh-borhood.

LOCATION

Sao Paolo

Vila Cristina

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SLUM UPGRADING

What is the situation in Vila cristina?

1,240FAMILIES

78% BRICK CONSTRUCTION

22% WOOD CONSTRUCTION

590.43 in/ha

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SLUM UPGRADING

Removal Map

1.Risk

2.River

3.Infrastructure + Urbanism

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SLUM UPGRADING

New Infrastructurewater proposal sewage proposal drainage proposal

StrategiesNODALLINK TO THE CITY ENVIRONMENTAL

PHYTOREMEDIATION

PHYTOREMEDIATION

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SLUM UPGRADING

Proposal

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SLUM UPGRADING

After removing 488 families, the aim of the project is located them the closest as possible as they were before, so the new housing is projected near the river and in the south west slope. The proposal is based in a linear park surroun-ding all the neighborhood and linking it. It is a nodal system that starts and ends with two important points: the Agora/library and the Environmental school. This to buildings creates a circular movement throughout the entire settlement and give the same importance to all the facilities. Along the river we can find commerce, sport facillties, and shops to make the linnera park alive. Two phytoremediation pools are located where the river emerge in order to clean the water that comes out. An environmental school will teach the neighbor-hood how to take care of the river, and make them take part in all the process.

PARK UPGRADED FAVELASNEW SERVICES

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SLUM UPGRADING

Housing typology6,5

850 m2

Basic unit 50 m2

Increased unit 61 m2

Decreased unit 41 m2

41

SLUM UPGRADING

MASTERPLAN

Phytoremediationpools

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SLUM UPGRADING

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HOUSING DESIGN

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05

18 METRES DEPTH

DEEP HOUSE EXPERIMENTS Andrea Deplazes

The layout of a 100 m2 house changes de-pending on the depth of the building. The main problems that we have to deal with are the light and the space. When we talk about 6m or 18 m depth these problems are harder to solve.

The investigation of deep plan houses leads us to understand that many depths have common qualities and how a plan must be addapted to achieve good housing conditions.

In addition to this, there are some other question that must be solved in this workshop. The housing project must have at least 3 diffe-rent sizes of dwellings, adding or substracting a room from the prototype. Besides, the building complex must be fitted in an imaginary plot of 100x100m.

This project is an 18 m depth atelier where the open and double-height space is the protagonist, allowing all the light go through the house.

18 m

15 m

12 m

9 m

0 m

5,5

6,6

8,3

11

16,5

100 sqm

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18 METRES DEPTH

115

m2

85 m

2

100

m2

115

m2

85 m

2

100

m2

Dwelling assamblage Evolution of the prototype

Prototype

The double-height allows the entrance to the pro-totype 1 trough a tunnel.

1

23

TUNNEL

46

18 METRES DEPTH

3,82,23,83,8 2,2

1,8

2,1

3,7

2,1

2,7

3,1

2,2

18

6

Type 2 Type 1

Section 1

1

2

The housing complex consist of 3 different typologies that can be repited n times.This prototypes consist in 2 basic pieces: an open double-hight volume, and a closed 2,5m height piece hosting all the housing facilities in niches.

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18 METRES DEPTH

Ground floor

First floor

Second floor

Section 2

48

18 METRES DEPTH

Kitchen

Loggia

Loggia

Toilet

Sink

Shower

Toilet

Sink

Wardrobe

Bedroom

Bedroom

Bedroom

Entrance

Niches

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18 METRES DEPTH

50

18 METRES DEPTH

17 dwelling

29 dwelling

33dwelling

Façades catalogue

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18 METRES DEPTH

Archetype catalogue

CLOSED SQUARE

Permeability (green areas)

CHESSOpenness (city)Permeability (green areas)Equal conditions (dwellings)

Adapatability (urban conditions)

STRIPESOpenness (city)Permeability (green areas)Equal conditions (dwellings)

OPEN SQUAREOpenness (city)Permeability (green areas)

144 units 72 units 24 units

54 units 54 units 54 units

54 units 72 units 144 units 144 units

45 units 48 units 45 units 57 units

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MR. OTTER AND I06

LIVE WITH/LIKE ANIMALSHrvoje Njiric

Housing is a topic that can be explo-red in many ways. But, What happend when your client is an animal? The first step in designing a dwelling is understanding your client´s needs and terms. How is his way of living?How big must be the required space? Does he live in water? in trees? in caves?

Six animales where choosen for this in-vestigation: crab, moles, quetzal, otter, moun-tain goat and polar bear.

When understanding all this, we can go further and start thinking how can we adapt this houses for humans, or the other way around, how humans and animals can share the same spa-ce. Starting from this particular house we can continue with a building complex, and even go further on and start exploring how all this buildings can be part of a masterplan.

This project is a ZOOTOPIA.

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MR. OTTER AND I

- Mustalidae- Semiaquatic- Tolerate both freshwater andcoastal marine- Dont dig dens- Renowed for their sense ofplay-They form family structures- 1 to 3 Pups- Cooperate while fishing

Hierarchy of activitiesTime

Space

LAND 40% WATER 60%

LAND 40% WATER 60%

+ -

sleeping swiming eating playing exploring cleaning breeding

swiming eating playing exploring sleeping cleaning breeding

40-60 cm

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MR. OTTER AND I

Swimming

Sleeping

Eating

Exploring

Breeding

Playing

Mr. Otter house

Low tide: 40% water 70% water

HIGH TIDE

HIGH TIDE

LOW TIDE

DEN

LOW TIDE

HIGH TIDE

HIGH TIDE

LOW TIDE

DEN

LOW TIDE

Section 1

Section 2

55

MR. OTTER AND I

high tide: 92% water

Mr Otter wanted a 100 m2 house with a minimun of 40 m2 for swimming and at least a small space for sleeping and breeding. He also insisted in a house where playing and exploring were different each day. According to this, the project is settled near a shore where the changing tides hide or show different parts of the dwelling. The house is design to have at least 40 m2 of water when the tide is low and 8 m2 of dry land when the tide is high.

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MR. OTTER AND I

Mr. Otter like people, so he was agree in living with humans in community as long as the building complex allows permeability and connectivity between the water and the land. Therefore the house for a person should stick to those principals but changing the scale and the needs.

Living with Mr. Otter Building arrangement

???

??

?

!

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MR. OTTER AND I

58

44

15

MR. OTTER AND I

44

15

Housing typology

2

1

Section 1 Section 2

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MR. OTTER AND I

60

MR. OTTER AND I

ZO

OT

OP

IASC

ALE

1:5

00

MC

H 2

013

ZOOTOPIA

61

MR. OTTER AND I

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07 INHABITING A SKYLIGHT

INHABITED SCREENSCino Zucchi

What happend in the “interface” or “bu-ffer” between the private and public space in a building? How does a façade fit in the urban context? How do a specific material or technolo-gy change the layout of an elevation? How does a building touch the gorund?

The target of this proyect is to find new ways of housing design starting from the exte-rior, from the intermidiate space between the façade and the dwelling. The layout of the house is not necessary at this point, but a research must be done in this buffer zone.

How does the housing complex interact with the street? or the sky? or the city?

The masterplan, located in Madrid, con-sist in 9 plots in which each group have to design an “inhabited screen” conversing at the same time with the buildings or surrounding pro-jects.

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INHABITING A SKYLIGHT

MASTERPLAN

64


The project is based on both strate-gies, light and measures. Is about inhabiting a skylight. Sometimes this skylight is just for catching the light, sometimes is a room usable at a certain moment in the day, sometimes the skylight is big enough to host a dwelling on it.

Ronchamp, Le corbusier

The light is an important feature in a house. The way it changes along the day and the seasons, in both the inner and outer space. We can manage how the light comes and create different atmospheres in the same place through different strategies. Depending on the size and depth of a window it can be just a window, a balcony or a gallery.

Rouen Cathedral, Monet

References

65


N

-Open as much as possible to the south.

-Locate the main rooms in south façade.

-Catch the western light through skylights in north façade and locate the bathrooms there.

- Close as much as possible the façades facing the east and west buildings.

Strategies Light studies

66


Triplex

Duplex

Room

Gallery

Bathtub

Balcony

Typology

67


Details

68

08 HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY

FROM CITY TO HOUSEDietmar Eberle

Before starting to design a project there are some hypothesis dealing with building that must be kept in mind:

New time-frames: A building must lasts 100 years or more, not 20 or 30 year for commer-cial intentions.

Quantity and quality: quantity is the process of transfering knowledge into quality.

Efficency: Use what we already have in a more efficent way.

In order to create long-lasting and effi-cent building we must first think in the local background of the site and the contribution of our building to the place. Besides we must take into account the construction method and other interior features such as the comfort and flexi-bility of the design.

Regarding to the settlements, the effi-cency and the time-frame is given by the envi-ronment and the individual well-being. All this can be achieve by thinking in densifyng, the construction of open buildings and the efficency use of the resources.

To start thinking in housing design we must start thinking in the site; regulations, norms standards, orientation, local background, etc.

Design process of a housing building

Madrid Principe Pio

1 Site

69

HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY

What is the relation of the plot with the context and regulations? Which kind of volume fits the best in this are? In this case, the plot is isolated, just with some buildings infront of them. The entire are is full of greenery and open space, and is connected with MAdrid rio and the railway station. The plot is limited in the south by a 3m wall that separates it from the street.This wall go all along the edge of the street.

As a starting point the proposed volume tries to speak the same language of the surroundigs not compiting either in height or size.

70

7 m

3 m

10,5 m²

14 m

17,5 m

21 m

2 Envelope/Structure


In realtion with the volume and the con-text, the next step is to think in the façade, ma-terials, construction method, climatic condition, orientation, etc.

57,3 m²

80 m² 48,41 m² 80m²

71


3 Layout

Divide the building according to the program thinking in the possible entrances to the site and the number and the size of the apartment per floor. The key to make this puzzle is placing the core in the right possition in order to make the most efficent and flexible layout.

57,3 m²

80 m² 48,41 m² 80m²

72

7 m

3 m

10,5 m²

14 m

17,5 m

21 m

4 Improve


58,8 m²

80 m² 48 m² 80m²

73


We hove to work over the results and im-prove them until achiving the target and ideas settled at the begginig.

58,8 m²

80 m² 48 m² 80m²

74

09 Share

QUALITY OF LIFE Anne Lacaton

Quality of life is the starting point when thinking of the quality of housing. The quality of the housing has to do with pleasure, well-being, comfort, space. All this conditions are nothing but atmospheres created for that purpose.

To create this atmosphere is not neces-sary the architect´s traditional way of thin-king. A housing project can be made by frag-ments, using images or situations showing the main ideas and intentions.

This housing project should talk about good conditions to live in the private and pu-blic space, in the individual or collective spa-ce, in how the project interact with the city.

The main intend for this projecct is to generate sequences of spaces by different images (collages, accumulation, addition...) getting the sense of the environment that we want to achive.

75

Share

Collective Space

City

Nature Community

Quality of life mean sharing because sharing is the beggining of the community and the community makes people be part of something. Quality of life means na-ture and city. Sharing nature we see more light. Sharing the city we create more life. The city should be part of different communities. The com-munity should contain a place of belonging, a place to enjoy natu-re, a place for sharing.

76

Community

City

Share

Private Space

Nature

Community

Private

City Nature

Community

Private

City

77

City

HOUSING SYSTEMS

78

10 METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE

CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY Ramon Araujo

Berthold Lubetkind projected Highpoint one in London in 1935. This building was desig-ned following the principles of Le Corbusier.The cruciform scheme allowed cross ventilation and good views in every dwelling, and maximum open space in ground floor.

The construction system used for this building was the climbing formwork, concrete walls built with a system of removable platforms that eliminated the need for scafolding and ma-king the walls and floors monolithic. This was the first time that this system was applied in building construction.

What happend if Highpoint I were built today? How can we tranform that building in an industrial and prefabricated one? Which systems would be the best for that?

Highpoint one

79

METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE

80


METABOLIC Highpoint oneNEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

UNIT

81

METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONEPR

OD

UC

IDO

PO

R U

N P

RO

DU

CTO

ED

UC

ATI

VO D

E A

UTO

DES

KPRODUCIDO POR UN PRODUCTO EDUCATIVO DE AUTODESK

PRO

DU

CID

O PO

R U

N PR

OD

UC

TO ED

UC

ATIVO

DE A

UTO

DESK

Section

82


10,31 6,65 7,37 10,316,657,375,87

20,6

7,23 7,17

7,2

2,12,12,12,121,11 2,12,1 2,1 2,1 2,1 2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

2,1

Structural plan

83


New housing typology

CC

A

B B

CC

A

B B

type A: 3 bedroom 87m2

type B: 2 bedroom 60m2

type C: 1 bedroom 41m2

84


85


Detailjoint paraphet/external façade

86


Façade System

87


Sliding doors

2nd layer-sliding metal panels

4 prefabricated modules

88

1st layer


4

0

7.2

10.4

13.6

16.8

20

23.2

Cross Section

89


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11 ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITYJavier García Germán

Sustainability is becoming more and more important nowadays, even though still has little influence in architectural design. We must take into account the energy considerations since the preliminar decisions, because just with the sha-pe or the constructive system we can build in a more efficent way.

The aim of this project is start working with an abstract housing block of 50m x 50m x 50m. This block would be located in New York and de objective is to adapt it to the local clima-tic conditions through concrete design strate-gies.

The block would be a mix-use building with around 200 dwellings of 100m2 and other uses.

New York LAT: 40.78º N , LON: 73.97º W , ALT: 10 msnm

may to october (summer)comfort 69% of the time through passive strate-gies

novemeber to april(winter)comfort 24% of the time through passive strate-gies

91

ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY

comfort zone

sun protection

Avg. Temperature

During summer time sun protection is needed, while in winter the average temperature is under the comfort zone, therefore the per-fect strategy will be sun protec-tion in summer and sun radiation gain in winter.

Sun path

winter

summer

Sun’s altitude in winter goes from 25º to 50º while in sum-mer reaches 73º. The better exposition for the winter is the south trying to collect all the sun. In summer the best strategy will be re-ducing the south and west orientation.

wind direction

probability (%)

speed (kms)temperature (ºC)

wind direction

probability (%)

speed (kms)temperature (ºC)

Rose wind Humidity

jan febmaraprmayjunjulaugsepoctnovdec

595961586260586567626564

month %

There are two main wind directions. In summer comes from the south at an average temperature of 22ºC. In winter the mainly direction is north west at an average temperature of 5ºC. The building must be protected from northwes-tern winds and open to the south.

There’s a high perce-tage of humidity all year long. Venti-lation and evapora-tive cooling should be included in the building’s design.

92


Position, external chape and orientation in relation to the climate

12 amdic 21th

WINTER

SUMMER

50

50

100

50

25

50

100

50

25

50

Orientation

Priorities:- collect solar radiation in south façade during winter.- reduce solar radiation in western face in summer.

1 2 3 4

Steps:-enlarge south face for a better solar collection.-turn the building 10º to the west to reduce western overheat.r.

-Split the volume in 2 slabs.-increase the height of the slab behind and reduce it the front for more solar gain.-separate volumes to avoid shading.r.

93


jun 21th

12:00 AM

19:00 AM

jun 21th

12:00 AMjun 21th

5 6 7

-put cantilevers on top for summer shading-taller slab on the west for solar protection of the whole building.

-split slabs to increase ven-tilation and reduce humidity accumulation

Conclusions:-winter solar collection in south façade.-summer shading in south façade.-protection from western overheat.-ventilation to reduce humidity accumulation.

Shape

94

12:00 AMjun 21th

12:00 AMdec 21th


Solar Radiation + Active systems

SUM

MER

WINTER

PASSIVE MESSURES.-Cantilevers to protect from solar radiation in summer while in winter allows the solar incidence.-Program will be located in the coldest zones of the buildings.

95


ACTIVE MESSURES.-Green roofs to protect solar radiation in summer and isolate the building in win-ter.-Green house to absorbe more radiation during winter.e -The vertical connection works as a heat chimney that brings hot air from the pro-ducers in the bottom to the dwellings throuh convection.

OVERHEAT

GREEN ROOF

GREEN ROOF

PRODUCERS

GR

EEN

HO

USE

GR

EEN

HO

USE

Avg. hourly radiation

96


Humidity and ventilation

+++

+

---

-

The building is protected from the nor-thwest cold wind in winter. It is open to the south wind in summer to coold down the surface and reduce humidity accumulation.

PRODUCERS PRODUCERS

During winter windows and shelters are close to let the hot air from the producers go up to all the dwellings

In summer the shelters are open to ventilate the building and avoid the hot air from the producers go up. Every dwe-lling has cross ventilation.

Winter

Summer

97


Thermodynamic concept

FRO

M P

RO

DU

CER

S

GREEN HOUSE

WINTER sun

GREEN HOUSE

Producers are in the bottom of the buil-ding to provide heat to the dwellings.The vertical communication in every tower performs as a hot air chimeney that heats the dwellings through convection.

DIS

CO

DIS

CO

YOU

TH

CEN

TR

E

SPO

RTS

CO

URT

S

CO

M-

PUT

ERS

ROO

M

Winter

Summer

In the south face of the ver-tical connection, green houses are attached to increase the sun collection during the winter.During the summer the green hou-se

98


Climatic Typology

LIV

ING

LIV

ING

ROOMS ROOMS

KITCHEN KITCHENTERRACE

BATHBATH

VER

TIC

AL

CO

NN

ECT

ION

GREEN HOUSETERRACE

HIGH INERTIA MASS

GLASS SLIDING SHUTTERS

CROSS VENTILATION

Summer

Winter

materials

Rooms are faceing north whi-le living room and kitchen face south

Unit-All walls are made from concrete with high iner-tia mass to absorbe heat in winter and later radiate it into the dwelling

Materials-The window of the living room has sliding shutters to let the solar radiation in in winter, and protect from it in summerg

99

HIGH INERTIA MASS

GLASS SLIDING SHUTTERS

CROSS VENTILATIONSUMMARY

100

URBAN DESIGN

DOMESTICITY

Workshop LeaderJuan Herreros

AssistantMaría Auxiliadora Gálvez

Slowmadness

Duration7 days

LocationEmbajadores, MADRID

PLAYING IN A STRCTURE

Workshop LeaderFrancisco Burgos

AssistantJavier Malo

Play in the city

Duration6 days

LocationLavapies, MADRID

MAD-BUILDING

Specialty LeaderBernardo Ynzenga

Residential urban design

Duration8 days

LocationDelicias, MADRID

SLUM UPGRADING

Specialty LeaderMaría Teresa Diniz

AssistantBelen Gesto

Low cost/emergency

husing

Duration5 days

LocationSao Paolo, Brasil

101

HOUSING DESIGN

18 M DEPTH

Workshop LeaderAndrea Deplazes

AssistantFernando altozano

Deep house experiments

Duration5 days

MR. OTTER AND I

Workshop LeaderHrvoje Njiric

AssistantJose María Sanchez

Live with/like

animals

Duration5 days

LocationZootopia

INHABITING A SKYLIGHTInhabited screens

Duration5 days

LocationMADRID

HOUSING: A WORKING METHDOLOGY

Workshop LeaderDietmar Eberle

AssistantVictor Olmos

From city to house

Duration5 days

LocationPrincipe Pío, MADRID

Workshop LeaderCino Zucchi

AssistantBelen Hermida

102

HOUSING DESIGN

SHARE

Workshop LeaderAnne Lacaton

AssistantDiego García Setién

Quality of life

Duration5 days

METABOLIC HIGHPOINT

Specialty LeaderRamón Araujo

Construction and

technology

Duration6 days

LocationLONDON

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY

Specialty LeaderJavier García German

AssistantAlia García German

Duration10 days

LocationNEW YORK

HOUSING SYSTEMS

All material of tis book has been taken from group works or lectures explained by the teachers in each area.

103

104

105

106

Documents

Portfolio Nieves Fernández