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“Should

court?”

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ashamitchell

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16 April 2011

all in the mindWhen people with mental illness and cognitive impairments cycle in an out of jail — is there a better solution? ‘Problem solving courts’ are one approach, and shift the relationship between the judge and the judged. Join Natasha Mitchell at a symposium considering the ‘for and against’ with key players in Australia.

With over 60 distinct programs each week, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Radio National is different from any other radio station in Australia. Where else could you hear, for example, an exploration of ideas on science, followed by the latest in books around the world, then a program about the mind and human behavior? There’s also music, comedy, book readings, radio dramas and poetry. Programs about science, health, the arts, religion, social history and current affairs are backed by first-class research and presented by some of Australia’s leading broadcasters including Norman Swan, Peter Barclay, Robyn Williams, Ramona Koval, Phillip Adams, Fran Kelly, Rachel Kohn, Alan Saunders, Julie Copeland, Andrew Ford and Luck Oceans. If you dip in, you are likely to be surprised and delighted. The program menu is a smorgasbord worth discovering. Radio National is broadcast on over 260 frequencies around Australia, the largest single network in the country. To find our frequency in your local area, visit our Tune In page or click on the map. Many of the programs that we broadcast produce full transcripts of each program. These are very popular with listeners who want a copy for themselves or to email to a friend. Our transcripts are also used by students, we know that parts of our interviews with experts or politicians end up as quotes in essays around the world. You can listen to Radio National “live on the net”, allowing you to enjoy our programming at any time. The most recent addition to our alternative listening options comes in the form of podcasting and downloadable mp3s. A range of programs are now available as mp3s for you to listen to on your computer to your media listening device.

John Stewart Greg Smith Elizabeth Richardson Michael Hill John Lesser

Natasha

Mitchell: A

ll in the Mind, N

atasha M

itchell on ABC Radio N

ational. W

elcome. H

ave jails become

the 21st century asylum?

If you’re an adult entering prison you m

ay be one of the 80 per cent w

ho experienced at least one psychiatric disorder in the past year; that’s com

pared to 30 per cent in the w

ider comm

unity, according to a 2006 study in N

SW.

And if you’re in this situation,

you can also find yourself cycling in and out of prison for behaviours and offences that m

ight be better addressed in another w

ay. And that’s

where the non-adversarial

approach of therapeutic jurisprudence, as it’s called, com

es into play. It’s an area the new

ly appointed NSW

attorney-general G

reg Smith

has in his sights, as he told A

BC1’s Lateline last w

eek.

John Stew

art: More than half of

all Australian prisons are in

New

South Wales. It’s a system

w

hich costs taxpayers more

than $1 billion a year to build and m

aintain. Greg Sm

ith says he w

ill review the state’s bail

act and consider non-custodial sentences and new

drug treatm

ent programs.

Greg

Sm

ith: We need to divert as

many people as w

e can from the

system, people w

ith problems,

such as people with m

ental issues.

Elizabeth R

ichardson: I think at the most

basic level in terms of a m

ental health court is w

hether or not singling out people w

ith mental

impairm

ent is discriminatory

and may further m

arginalise this group of people by having a specialist list and treating people differently.

“a mental health

court is better than constantly cycling through the crim

inal justice system

.” Som

e authors that have written

about mental health courts

have said, ‘Well, it’s better that

people get the treatment that

they need and the stigmatisation

of being involved in a mental

health court is better than constantly cycling through the crim

inal justice system.’ O

n the flip side it could also be argued that m

ental health courts could do a lot to tackle stigm

a through education, raising aw

areness and adopting a personal em

powerm

ent approach to treatm

ent plans. So that requires a lot of thought as to how

you go about that, and training given to clinicians, judicial officers, to providing people w

ith the opportunity to help them

make

the changes themselves.

JWe have a dedicated list team. If you read all the research

around mental health courts, their hallmark is the team approach. And that doesn’t for a moment diminish the requirements of prosecutors to be prosecutors, defence counsel to be defence counsel, but you can do that in a collaborative way, in a therapeutic context, where it’s much harder to do in a general mainstream court. The one success that I think we can point to immediately is that we started on a very strong team basis, it’s been proved to be very successful, and I think the feedback we’ve had from our customers so far has been very positive around that part of it.

I have to say as a magistrate sitting in this list, I sat for the last two days and I was exhausted last night. I have to say I don’t think I could do it five days a week at the same pace. I’m not sure that I could. It is emotionally draining; we’re at that stage now where we’re having quite a few finalisations. And if I could give you the example of people taking their role seriously and doing it collaboratively, one of the finalisations I did yesterday was fellow who was charged with very serious offending around a car accident which involved a number of innocent victims who were very badly injured. One of the victims was sitting in court during the plea and sentence hearing yesterday and except for the manner in which we were able to do it more informally, it had all of the hallmarks of the justice system at play. And that was entirely appropriate because it was at the higher level of offending; it’s certainly the most serious offending we have at the moment. Most of the finalisations we’re doing are in much more low key and certainly I would see them as being in many ways different from the way I would do them in a mainstream court. And I think that’s very positive from the point of view of the person involved. And as Michael said, it’s all about voice and validation, which as we all know in busy courts you don’t get a big chance at when you’re doing a sentencing hearing. It’s, you know, summary, plea, decision, summary, plea, decision, and it happens so fast you wonder sometimes who the person was that you had in front of you.

NNot the court of your imagining perhaps. Certainly

a change of role for magistrates involved. This is All in the Mind on ABC Radio National. Natasha Mitchell in the courts today.

Michael

H

ill: I think you need to convince people out there that this is not a soft option; that in fact there are real concrete benefits in approaches like this.

N C

hief Magistrate

Michael H

ill of the H

obart Magistrate’s C

ourt in Tasm

ania oversaw the

development of w

hat they call the ‘M

ental Health

Diversion List’, w

hich got underw

ay in 2007.

M O

ur recidivism rates

are really low,

particularly when people

are on the programs. So

I say to people who say,

‘This is a soft option, M

r Hill,’ I say, ‘N

o, it’s not.These people are notre-offending and w

hile they’re not re-offending you’re being protected.’

John Lesser: Then you are providing for safety to the com

munity in a w

ay which

looks at underlying causes rather than at just the process of the crim

inal justice system

itself. And at the sam

e tim

e, there is the notion of im

proving the wellbeing

and health of the people them

selves. We’re talking

often about people who

have had very difficult lives for a very long tim

e, and the offending is just one part of the disadvantage they’ve probably suffered across their lifetim

e.

mental health courts, their hallmark is the team approach ”“

N But w

hat are the options, then, for

diverting people? One of

them is called the M

ental H

ealth Court w

here m

agistrates work closely

with health professionals

and other services to support people in the com

munity

rather than delivering them a

jail sentence. It’s a possibility currently being investigated by the N

SW Law

Reform

Com

mission as part of its

wide ranging inquiry into

people with cognitive and

mental health im

pairments in

the criminal justice system

.

Legal academic Elizabeth

Richardson is currently doing her PhD

on mental health

courts with the Rethinking

Mental H

ealth Laws project

at Monash U

niversity.

Because it seems to me that in the mental health cohort that we’re talking about, generally speaking financial deprivation is an issue. So you can’t fine people who don’t have money, or you shouldn’t. There’s no point putting them on supervised probation orders because they can’t comply with those for various reasons. So you need to tailor your sentence in an individual way. You need to have I think the team around you of experts in those areas who can say to you, ‘This person needs this particular disposition, which we will manage for a while.’ You keep an eye on it; the collaborative approach enables the magistrate to involve himself or herself as part of that team. And of course, if you look at all of the literature on problem solving stuff, the judicial interchange between defendant and magistrate is vital. It gives the defendant some incentive to comply, it gives the defendant a feeling of wellbeing after he or she has gone out of the system, that in fact ‘I have been listened to, people have acknowledged that I have a problem, they’ve taken the time.’ So I don’t think you can do that in a general list.

NMagistrate John Lesser of the Melbourne Magistrates’ Court,

which launched what they’ve called the Assessment and Referral Court a year ago; different name, same idea. Mental Health Courts started in the USA in the late ‘90s. They’re described as ‘problem solving courts’ and there are now over 300 worldwide. And as part of the NSW consultation underway, I facilitated a symposium this month asking should NSW have a mental health court, as that state considers its options.

You’ll also hear it referred to as a specialised ‘list’ at times, just to indicate that this is a list of hearings heard separately from the general list of cases heard in a mainstream court every day.

Today, highlights of what was a rather detailed four-hour event, but I’ll put the full audio on the All in the Mind blog. Just to be clear, though, we’re not talking today about people who have committed serious felonies and are pleading unfitness to stand trial by reason of mental impairment. To give you an idea here’s Magistrate John Lesser.

MOne of the characteristics, really, is informality.

We give the defendants a voice, the magistrates speak directly to the defendant, the defendants are asked about their involvement in programs and how they’re coping and how they’re going and if there are any issues. We praise them when good news is made known to us, we get brief oral updates — we don’t have any written reports except where perhaps one is required or been ordered. I never require people to stand up. I sat on the bench but they just came and sat at the table with their lawyer, and we had a good working relationship with all the team members. Go back a few years when everyone was treated the same, and some of us started to realise that it’s not a one size fits all exercise; that people are presenting with all sorts of issues. Now, if you’ve got a general list with the hurly-burly of all that you simply don’t have time to listen to what those problems are. Some magistrates are more inclined to listen than others, obviously. So I think to give the defendant the opportunity to get a fair go, he or she needs to have an opportunity to have the time available to the court to listen to what the problems are, and if the problems are related to the offending, what the possible remedies might be to make whatever sentencing order the magistrate makes an effective sentencing order.

JIf I could give you the example of one woman on our list, whose

offending tends to be around self-harm and self-harm in the sense of running in front of cars, which is a very dangerous thing for herself but far worse for the people driving the cars, I suspect. The local police force knew this woman better than almost anyone else in their territory, because they were constantly being called when she was in crisis, to try and solve these problems about her behaviour.

Now, one of the successes we’ve had so far — and she’s been a difficult customer, I have to say, but we have reduced the number of times that she’s behaved in that way in the period she’s been involved. We haven’t totally eliminated — she has been charged with other offences, so we can’t say we’ve had a perfect run — but the rate at which she has offended in the period is much less than the rate before. And so the local police have been involved with our prosecutors to develop strategies around how to deal with her in a more pro-social way, how she can respond, modifying her behaviour, dealing with strategies to deal with her crises as they arise in more pro-social ways.

All of that is designed around reducing that level of likelihood that she is going to end up running in front of a car again.

So I think there are all sorts of things that can be of benefit that aren’t necessarily the ones that are often looked at in terms of how mental health courts work.

“You can’t fine people who don’t have any money”

NSouth Australia has the oldest of the four mental

health courts or ‘lists’ currently in Australia, kicking off in 1999. Its version is open to people with a mental illness, an intellectual disability, a brain injury, dementia, or a personality disorder; but only to those who have committed minor indictable offences. People aren’t required to plead guilty, but they do have to indicate they won’t contest the charges against them, which raises the question of whether mental health courts achieve what they’re meant to: the decriminalisation of mental illness. And this question of who’s eligible and who’s not, lies at the heart of much soul searching. For example, some mental health courts require people to plead guilty in order to be eligible and so they make a serious commitment to the program. Elizabeth Richardson.

EThe studies have shown that there’s no reason that a guilty

plea is needed in terms of protecting the safety of the community. So it’s probably not necessary, I think, is the general feeling. But in the same token, depending on what sort of level of seriousness of offences you’re dealing with, it might be the only way that you can make a mental health court palatable to the public. But net-widening is one of the biggest concerns around mental health courts, and I think that refers to the notion that people are worried that if you have a mental health court, police will charge people in order to get them into a mental health court so they can get treatment. Net-widening is much broader than that and it can also occur when people are diverted into a program that involves more intensity, more complexity, and more supervision that they would have otherwise received had they gone through the standard court list.

If people who have committed relatively minor offences are being diverted into programs that increase their involvement with the criminal justice system for anywhere between six and nine months in Australia — that’s generally the length of time that people go for; sometimes less, and sometimes more — you really have to be aware of whether or not, no matter how benevolent you think you’re being, that you’re not directing people into too much contact with the criminal justice system. Because remember diversion these days in the criminal justice sector often is not about diversion out of the system, it’s diversion into another area of the criminal justice system.

MFor various reasons we had to exclude some offences.

We had to be telling people that we weren’t talking about murderers and rapists and people who were rampaging through the community; we were talking about relatively low level offending, but which obviously on occasions resulted in quite unnecessary periods of imprisonment, albeit short ones. So we were talking about lower level offences, so we did exclude some. Now our discussions from our forensic mental health officer talked about the programs that were out there in the community. And this is one of the things you need to be careful of. If you have a mental health court, you will put pressure on the services in the community. The people that you will be referring into those programs out there in the community have fallen through the cracks for various reasons and they’re not being serviced at the moment. So you need to be careful, I think, that those programs are available out there.

NAnd those programs also need to meet very different needs.

Chief Magistrate Michael Hill there, of the Hobart Magistrate’s Court. Their mental health list only accepts people with mental illness as their primary concern, so not intellectual disability or cognitive impairment. Others, like the Melbourne and South Australian programs, cast a wider net, which raises further issues.

N An alternative approach is giving all magistrates, not

just those supervising the cases heard in mental health courts, the legislative power to divert people away from sentences. And that’s the situation in NSW at the moment, where Jane Mottley is Deputy Chief Magistrate of the Local Court of NSW.

Jane Mottley: Within NSW there are 148 courts. All of those courts have the benefit of the Mental Health (Forensic Provisions) Act. The Mental Health Provisions Act provides for magistrates to divert someone who is identified as suffering from a mental condition, mental illness, or a developmental disability, and those persons can be diverted away from the criminal justice system into the health system at the first point of contact with the court. It can either occur because of an identification that the person is suffering from a mental condition at the time of the alleged offence being committed, or at the time of presentation of the person before the court.

“Are magistrates confident in diverting people?”So what we effectively have is a legislative framework where persons accused of offences are diverted away from the criminal justice system without any actual finding of guilt or requirement for admission of guilt. We’ve already got the power there. I’ve listened carefully to what’s been said about support within the community and unfortunately that is something that’s not available at 148 locations. What we also don’t have at 148 locations is our clinical court nurse consultants, of which we have 17 qualified health professionals who can assist in the identification of those who are presenting at court with a mental condition or a mental illness. And those officers are able to inform the court as best they can [of] the extent of any diagnosis and what supports are available in the community currently for the person, and make any recommendations to the court as to whether it’s appropriate to divert to a hospital.

So you’ve got the legislative framework in place, but is it being taken up? I know there have been some studies of how magistrates responded to that legislation. And has it been taken up? Are magistrates confident in diverting people?

NKaren Wells is principal solicitor of the Intellectual

Disability Rights Service in NSW.

Karen Wells: The mental health system often does not deal with people with cognitive impairment, even when they have mental health issues. It is very difficult to get together a support plan. The onus is on the solicitor to seek out what’s available in the community through non-government organisations, generalist services, and to put it all together. Often solicitors don’t have that time or the expertise to do that really, really well.

But that’s where your proactive approach can come into play.

Yes.

How would you see a mental health court, or let’s call it a specialist list, responding to the needs of the people that you’re representing?

I think a mental health court would need to respond in very different ways to people with cognitive impairment to people with mental health issues. And, indeed, I think it’s hard to put those two groups of people into the same basket.

Which is what the Western Australian idea has been, hasn’t it, to separate them and in effect run two specialists lists, potentially, which is a resourcing issue, I imagine?

I guess what we’re really talking about here — whether we think about it as being diversion away from the criminal justice system or diversion to another part of the criminal justice system — is about service provision, about making sure that people get the services that they require, whether they’re mental health services, disability services, generalist services such as housing — which is often a very big need for people coming to court. How do we make sure that people get what they need? I’d like to see it without conviction for people with intellectual disability. You know it seems unfair to get a conviction if the root of your offending behaviour has to do with lack of service provision.

E People who come into the mental health court are not necessarily

going to be new to the health and welfare services. I think that’s the idea behind them, people think, ‘Oh well, these people are offending because they’re not receiving treatment,’ but the South Australian 2001 process evaluation found that 95 per cent of new referees were already in contact with health and welfare agencies. So that raises some very serious questions around what wasn’t working, and why they were still offending even though they were in contact with the health and welfare agencies. They were probably falling through the cracks, as we’ve heard, but it does require some creativity. And it requires having quite a lot of resources at your disposal, a range of resources at your disposal so that you can say, ‘OK, well this person is not working on this one, we’ll try them in that one.’ But it’s not always as straightforward as just slotting people into treatment. And, look, the clinical teams are very good at doing that admittedly.

NElizabeth Richardson. So there’s the rub. It’s all very

well to have a mental health court diverting people away from a prison sentence where appropriate, but then you have to have the support services to divert people to. And mental health services throughout Australia are already critically stretched.

And the experience of people with intellectual disabilities in the justice system is the focus of this week’s investigation by Background Briefing here on ABC Radio National. I’ll link to it.

Jane As far as the take-up by magistrates is concerned, I can’t give you any figures on the number of applications that are disposed of under those provisions, but I am confident that magistrates throughout New South Wales are educated as to the powers they have under that legislative framework. I’ve got no doubt that magistrates are applying those provisions in the cases that are appropriate. Where the shortfall is, is the support within the community. We don’t know with any certainty the extent [to] which that treatment is being provided to somebody who’s diverted.

And that’s the difference, isn’t it? With a mental health court model, the magistrate is involved all the way and the court team is involved all the way through tracking someone through treatment. So perhaps that’s an added value that the legislative powers and framework isn’t giving you.

Jane The benefit, as I see it, the benefit of our model is somebody is diverted into the hands of the appropriate service providers, and that is those who are responsible for providing the treatment. To maintain some supervision by the court, it begs the question: is that the role of the court to supervise? Because essentially the court’s not providing the treatment.

MThe debate about where the court sits in all this is an important

debate to have in some ways. And what the role of the court is. Do you want to have the court involved in this as a problem-solving, or as part of a problem-solving approach, or does the court step back and say, ‘OK, go off into the health community and get fixed up there’? My own view is that the court has a role in this. These people are in the criminal justice system; the court has a role, I think, to effectively deal with those people. And that means, I think, an individualised approach, which in certain circumstances will mean a court not necessarily mandated, but with a small ‘s’ supervised with reporting and reviews and all these things, to make sure the sentencing disposition that the court is dealing with is effective. I tend to think that’s what the role of a court is.

NChief Magistrate Michael Hill from Hobart and before him,

Deputy Chief Magistrate Jane Mottley from New South Wales, where in fact the figures indicate that very few people are being diverted under the legislative powers that magistrates have available to them. That’s Section 32 and 33 of the Mental Health (Forensic Provisions) Act. And that could well be for a range of reasons: perhaps concern about whether the services are really there to support people in the community, or whether they might reoffend. And so how should mental health courts respond to this issue of reoffending? Elizabeth Richardson.

EOne concern I have with the idea that if you are not compliant after

time you’ll go back into the general list [is] that they then could be dealt with by a magistrate who doesn’t really understand the complexities of mental health, relapse, all that sort of thing, and instead sees someone as someone who is recalcitrant and who is untreatable.

Failed the mental health court.

EAnd may receive harsher treatment because they are then

seen as not having succeeded, with all the chances they received under the mental health court. And I think that there’s a lot unknown about that side of things.

JohnOne of the things that’s clear in our legislation is that any positive participation has to be taken into account by the magistrate at the end of the day in the sentencing process. But anything that’s negative along the way can’t place the person in any worse position.

Magistrate John Lesser from the Melbourne Magistrates’ Court.

JSo in other words, the magistrate is statutorily required not to take

into account failures, if you like, along the way. And our expectation has always been that this will never be linear, given the way mental health particularly runs, people are going to succeed and fail at different points in time. So we build that in, and even a failure of service response won’t automatically mean we would exit someone from the program straight away. Continual failure of response, we may well.

NA mental health court of course can’t operate in

isolation from what’s already in place, so in New South Wales, the existing problem-solving court inoperation that has attracted a lot of public attention is the drug court, where Sue Jefferies is a clinical nurse consultant.

Sue Jefferies: My initial reaction was, ‘Well, a lot of our patients and participants have mental health problems and they also use drugs; they have intellectual disability and also use drugs; they are brain injured and also use drugs.’ So these, typically, are the people that we deal with. Now we work together with mental health services and encourage people to be in treatment.

So would a mental health court risk compartmentalising people even further, or would you see some sort of relationship between the drug court and a mental health court model?

SWell I suppose if the overriding diagnosis was that the patient is

well-known to mental health services and primarily his or her diagnosis is mental health and, yes, they use drugs, then it would be rather than a mental health court or a drug court it becomes, you know, the therapeutic court or problem-solving court. So that whatever the problem the patient has at the time, then the court sets up to try to deal with it. And then to assist the magistrates it would be that then you have the team approach to develop a plan.

One of the big problems that I see with mental health courts is the theory. Therapeutic jurisprudence is cited as the underlying theory of mental health courts, but it seems to me that without a deeper understanding, often, of the concept. It’s not simply about referring someone into treatment. Therapeutic jurisprudence is analysing what the therapeutic and anti-therapeutic — now, a treatment may not necessarily be beneficial for everyone, you know, putting that out there — so you have to analyse the therapeutic and anti-therapeutic outcomes from the mental health court from all the legal processes. And it’s an ongoing process in relation to each individual as they progress through the mental health court program. So it doesn’t just stop with the establishment of a mental health court.

NIt sure doesn’t. Monash University researcher Elizabeth

Richardson there. Full audio of this symposium put on by the New South Wales Law Reform Commission on the All in the Mind blog and more info about their consultation process currently underway on our website.

Thanks to Jenny Parsonage, Steven Tilley, Simon Branthwaite, Alex Stinson and Corinne Podger. I’m Natasha Mitchell; more next week.

and the challenge of therapeutic jurisprudence

Do you feel, given that you have been working in the field for a long time, do you feel that you’re breaking cycles, can you see that happening?

SI suppose for anybody that works in drug and alcohol or court

solutions is that you don’t have that expectation that you’ve waved the magic wand and cured them. It’s highly likely they might come back, and they do come back, and you just have to be satisfied that you know that while they’ve been under your care you’ve just done the best you can. You know that they’ve had a good treatment episode, they’ve enjoyed it, and they’ve had a taste of life of being drug free, crime free, not in jail. And that’s all you can hope for really.

NSue Jefferies. Some make the case that mental health courts

have become a trendy solution; that everyone wants one, and on what basis, where’s the evidence beyond anecdote? Elizabeth Richardson is concerned they’re not being evaluated properly from the outset.

EJustice Richard Schneider, who has said recently the honeymoon

period is over and it’s time to get serious with a critical examination of mental health courts, whether they’re effective and if they are effective what are the elements that will bring about positive behavioural change in people? It’s nice to say, though, that there have been numerous studies that have come out of the US and they have shown high levels of satisfaction and feelings of fairness of participants, and low levels of perceived coercion, reduced recidivism after participation and during participation in the mental health court, and improvements in outcomes such as recuced homelessness, psychiatric hospitalisations, levels of substance and alcohol abuse, and improvements in psychosocial functioning, and some cost savings.

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0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg



INGEDIENTS: CARBONATED WATER, NATURAL FLAVOURS, 97% ORANGE, ACIDS, SWEETENERS, ANTIOXIDANT, CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE.


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tanchou

SERVING PER PACK:1 SERVING SIZE: 250mLAVERAGE QUANTITY ENERGYPROTEINFAT-TOTAL -SATURATEDCARBOHYDRATE -SUGARSDIETARY FIBRESODIUMVITAMIN C (125%RDI**)

PER100mL210KJ

0.1g0g0g

12.4g12.3g

0g8mg

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%DI*250mLSERVE

6%0.5%

0%0%

10%34%

0.9%

PERSERVE525KJ

0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg



INGEDIENTS: CARBONATED WATER, NATURAL FLAVOURS, 35% CRANBERRY, 48% LIME,ACIDS, SWEETENERS, ANTIOXIDANT.CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE.


10c

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PER100mL210KJ

0.1g0g0g

12.4g12.3g

0g8mg

20mg

%DI*500mLSERVE

6%0.5%

0%0%

10%34%

0.9%

PERSERVE525KJ

0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg



INGEDIENTS: CARBONATED WATER, NATURAL FLAVOURS, 35% CRANBERRY, 48% LIME, ACIDS, SWEETENERS, ANTIOXIDANT, CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE.


10c

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PER100mL210KJ

0.1g0g0g

12.4g12.3g

0g8mg

20mg

%DI*250mLSERVE

6%0.5%

0%0%

10%34%

0.9%

PERSERVE525KJ

0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg



INGEDIENTS: CARBONATED WATER, NATURAL FLAVOURS, 35% WHITE GRAPE, 48% PASSION FRUIT, ACIDS, SWEETENERS, ANTIOXIDANT.CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE.


10c

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AVERAGE QUANTITY ENERGYPROTEINFAT-TOTAL -SATURATEDCARBOHYDRATE -SUGARSDIETARY FIBRESODIUMVITAMIN C (125%RDI**)

PER100mL210KJ

0.1g0g0g

12.4g12.3g

0g8mg

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%DI*500mLSERVE

6%0.5%

0%0%

10%34%

0.9%

PERSERVE525KJ

0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg



INGEDIENTS: CARBONATED WATER, NATURAL FLAVOURS, 35% WHITE GRAPE, 48% PASSION FRUIT, ACIDS, SWEETENERS, ANTIOXIDANT, CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE.


10c

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tanchou tanchou

tanchou tanchou


PER100mL210KJ

0.1g0g0g

12.4g12.3g

0g8mg

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%DI*250mLSERVE

6%0.5%

0%0%

10%34%

0.9%

PERSERVE525KJ

0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg



INGEDIENTS: CARBONATED WATER, NATURAL FLAVOURS, 35% POMEGRANATE, 48% RASPBERRY,ACIDS, SWEETENERS, ANTIOXIDANT,CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE.


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PER100mL210KJ

0.1g0g0g

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0g8mg

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%DI*500mLSERVE

6%0.5%

0%0%

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0.9%

PERSERVE525KJ

0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg





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• Pomegranate & Raspberry• White Grape & Passion Fruit• Blood Orange• Cranberry & Lime

Pomegranate & Raspberry


4 pack

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

Pom

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< 93121 5063 >

Plea

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288mm 55mm31mm12mm 12mm

72mm

15mm

255mm

482mm

155mm

155mm

100mm

20mm

20mm

20mm

20mm

20mm

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

tanchou

Tanchou and the Branded Environment

The simplicity in the graphics defines the traditional and contemporary design approach. The design of the cluster pack was to highlight the unique form of the bottle. The top folds, on the cluster pack, discretely reflect the Tanchou’s wings and the lines the feathers create as they layer over one another.

By utilising the material of the cluster pack, Tanchou can be introduced into the environment through the simple design of a circular slice, without any extra cost. Each slice reflects the flavours and identity of the product through the logotype, graphic element and colour.

tanchou

SERVIN

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QUANTITY

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** REC

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N U T R I T

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STORE IN A COOL, DRY PLACE

TANCHOU

BEVER

AGES PTY

LTD

11 Ton

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,

Tullam

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ic

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Consum

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1800 3

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BEST BEFORE 13/06/12 10:13 133

12 X 250mL BottlesPom

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12 X

250

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12 X 250mL Bottles

< 93121

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tanchou

tanchou

Please

Recycle

Tanchou and the Branded Environment

The outer pack consists of twelve bottles. The signature colour for Tanchou has been applied along with a white gloss background.The simplicity of the design reflects the identity of the crane and its elegant and graceful presence.

tanchouPomegranate & Raspberry

BEST BEFORE 13/06/12 10:13 133 12 X 250mL Bottles


12 X 250mL Bottles


12 X 250mL Bottles

tanchou

Pom

egranate & R

aspberry

12 X 250mL B

ottles

tanchou

Pom

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aspberry

12 X 250mL B

ottles


12 X 250mL Bottles

SE

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PTY

LTD11 Tone D

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Australia 3043

Consum

er Information:

1800 325 968

< 93121 5063 >Please Recycle


PER100mL210KJ

0.1g0g0g

12.4g12.3g

0g8mg

20mg

%DI*250mLSERVE

6%0.5%

0%0%

10%34%

0.9%

PERSERVE525KJ

0.3g0g0g

31.0g30.8g

0g20mg50mg





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TANCHOU BEVER-AGES PTY LTD11 Tone Drive, Tullamarine, VicAustralia 3043Consumer Information:1800 325 968

< 93121 5063 >

< 93121 5063 >

Please Recycle

808mm

170mm

170mm

30mm

219mm

10mm

20mm

10mm10mm

10mm10mm

80mm80mm100mm

20mm 290mm

490mm

219mm

C 52M 0Y 100K 14

C 1M 15Y 100K 0

C 0M 73Y 95K 0

C 0M 98Y 100K 0

Old Logotype

Mood Board Rebrand

New Logotype

Logotype Application

Booster Juice is an International juice bar franchise. The rebrand of this business was to create an identity which reflects its key objectives and brand personality.

Eight words to describe Booster Juice: Fun, fresh, tasty, lively, vibrant, natural, healthy, energetic.

Booster Juice Rebrand

9mm

Minimum size

We value our loyalty customers greatly, so please keep this card to earn

www.boosterjuice.com

Card Number: 86790037589

Loyalty and Rewards Card

Dear Someone Somebody,

Cepelitatem et que cus, as venemporatis demquid erunt, culparchic te ped molor alit eum in remquiam ullandi blatur aut que volupta inctes ut diam fuga. Et abores nossitas unda dolupid ullauda sit quam, consequi natiatibus, omnitas piciuntur, consece stiusda dolorerum restio molor sit, que dit quiae. Onectecus ipsam, conserunti ulles dis nist, con pedi voloris tinvendi re autectota voluptatia dis sitiosam repernate.

Itatius magnamet eat ut adi nimil molut eum consed etur. Erum rendio cuscima nulparc hi-tintium vitionempor at unt prae endigeniatem fugitae exernatur.Quiaspe ribusam, cusandus, aligentibus pro te vereres cipitatet qui sapitem et alibus dolut a expliatistis volore volut assi optia dessum et omnim rero inus, si volorep erspernam volupta in parum quia doluptae nis-quia nonsera noneseque dolori ut qui cullupt aestis et ipsandi tatquiant experis doloribusam velibus aturist ectore voluptatias aborum qui core nus modias.

Hari ipitatur aut adis quas moditat eatiati orionse quossim re doluptatum inctur apient, quunt odita sam fugiti ditatiatias endelecte officilit aut utem experibus suntis ea conseque omni nonet ea sinis alit quia pellest et ut odi aspis sit eriatur apiciunt dollend ellam, num accuptur.Mus im es sum ellacese postios entotat uribus rae nate laborerrore as simus idus, que prae doluptate volorrum quunt exerspis re rem conse prae ommossimet volestiur, am, omnihil id quibusae veliquia dunt, ut rem eos sumet ratiis is et, odi deriore essi ne seque veribeatem quisit quatque cor aut es el explibus.

Bus sunt eum, quas debisim faccus ne resciant ulparia cone pro tem. Laccupta dello quid et pra exceperferum dit qui debit quis et illoreri tem aut doluptum fuga. Nequi veles eatur, versperci rate nus, odigent in cum as aborisque nimporatur sit excepe doloribus esed quid qui audigeni quiasint fuga. Nam unt rectati onsequos iunt molorro.

Yours sincerely,

Dale WishewanPresident and CEO

Booster Juice TM

#205, 8915-51 AvenueEdmonton, Alberta Canada T6E 5J3

Telephone: (780) 440 6770Facsimile: (780) 461 7161 Email: [email protected]: 65 329 584 291

Booster Juice TM


Booster Juice TM


Yours sincerely,

Dale WishewanPresident and CEO

Telephone: 503 675 7511 Facsimile: 503 296 5877Email: [email protected]


Dale Wishewan Booster Juice TM

CEO #205, 8915-51 Avenue Edmonton, AlbertaTelephone: (780) 440 6770 Canada, T6E 5J3Facsimile: (780) 461 7161Email: [email protected]


The Mandatory Stationery Set

Scale: 80%

Pen Pal and Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is an increasing issue amongst young Australians. Pen Pal addresses the user centred issues associated with existing designs, for people who endure anaphylactic reactions to food. The final design revolves around the most important needs of the user, however materials and sustainability where addressed thoroughly in order to reduce or remove unnecessary materials.

PULLINSTRUCTIONS

NEEDLE END

Pen Pal Lifecycle

REPLACE

EXP DEC 12

if solution is discoloured

PULL

SAFETY OFFSAFETY ON

NEEDLE END NEEDLE END NEEDLE END

INSTRUCTIONS

Recycling of Polyethylene Manufacturing stageInjection Blow Moldingand Injection Molding

Manufacturing stage:Assembly of parts

Packaging and TransportationShelf life and storageUser

Disposal to pharmacy and or medical staff

Collection and Transportation Incineration

Start of process:

SAFETY OFF

Pull

Pull

How To Use Pen Pal

How To Dispose of your Pen Pal

Remove lid

Step 1S tep 2S tep 3

Step 4

Flick switch upto release safety

Form a fist around the Pen Pal and with a quick motion firmly push the red tip against the fleshy portion of your outer thigh.

You may give the injection directly through your clothing.

Wait about 10 seconds, until the device clicks, before slowly removingThe Pen Pal from your thigh.

Seek emergency medical attention

Once the Pen Pal has been used please hand it over to medical staff attending to you,and or your local doctor or pharmacy. They will dispose of the Pen Pal correctly to avoid further injury.

The Pen Pal cannot be recycled by you or used again once the needle has injected, or the medication has changed from being clear to discoloured, and or the Pen Pal has past its expired date.

For further information please email Pen Pal via [email protected]

Turn over for correct disposal instructions

Mix

Organic all purpose

30 LITRE

S

Organic all purpose

eco grow

tear and tip

eco grow

tear and tip

eco grow

tear and tip

AUSTRLIAN MADE AND OWNED

www.ecogrowtearandtip.com.au

Free Call 1800 454 687

Manufactured by Eco Grow tear and tip Pty Ltd

26 Parkville Drive Melton Victoria 3337 Australia

Store under cool conditions

Organic all purpose

eco gro

w

tear an

d tip

Ideal for

organic g

rowing

eco growtear and tip

How to use

Benefits


Eco Grow tear and tip addresses the social issue of gardening injuries. The organic potting mix comes in an easy tear package to avoid the cause of back injuries and falls. The package was designed to provide a safe solution for users who buy bulk potting mixes.

Eco Grow tear and tip

Organic all purpose Mix

Mix

Organic all purpose

Org

anic

all p

urpo

se

Organic all purpose

30 LITRES

Organic all purpose

Organic all purpose



eco grow tear and tip


Ideal fororganic growing

HAZARDOUSCOMPOSTS, POTTING MIXES AND OTHER ORGANIC

GARDENING MATERIALS

This product is made from organic materials, including composted pinebark, and contains living organisms including bacteria, fungi and protozoa. May also contain mineral and fertiliser additives.

RISK Inhalation of dust and/or liquid mists may irritate, anging

from hayfever or asthma, to pneumonia (eg Legionnaire’s disease) or pneumonia-like illness. Direct contact with this material or its dust and/or liquis mists (bioaerosols) may cause skin irritation (dermatitis), and skin or eye infection or irritation. People particularly at risk are those suffering from asthma or allergies, and whose immune defence systems are compromised.

SAFTEY Avoid contact with eyes and skin.Avoid breathing dust and/or mists (bioaerosols).Wear suitable protective clothing and standard light gloves (AS2161). If exposed to dust and/or liquid mist, also wear dust resistant eye protection (AS/NZS1715 or 1716).Wash thoroughly immediately after handling.Wash work clothes regularly. Clean up by wet sweeping or vacuuming.Store this product in a cool location.

HOW TO USE

4. Tear one bag off before tipping.

5. Select a clean container about 25cm wider than original and partly fill with Organic Potting Mix.

6. Loosen root ball gently and remove any rotten or dried roots.

PLEASE

RECYCLE

Eco Grow tear and tip Organic Potting Mix is made from all natural plant by-products and minerals. This mix is blended to suit a wide range of plants and vegetables to provide excellent growth in all types of containers. Eco grow tear and tip provides home gardeners with high quality blends for top quality results.This mix contains premium-grade quality composted pine bark, composted with certified organic composting fertiliser.

ECO GROW TEAR AND TIP IS AUSTRALIAN OWNED

� � � � HEALTH WARNING

GARDEN SOILS CONTAIN MICRO-ORGANISMS THAT MAY BE HARMFUL TO YOUR HEALTH: ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES, KEEP DAMP WHILE IN USE, AVOID INHALING THE MIX AND WASH YOUR HANDS AFTER USE.

7. Fill with new potting mix.8. Tap the container to settle the mixture. Do not pack down.

9. Initial soaking after potting is essential.10. Protect plant from heat and strong sunlight for a few days and keep moist. Water only when mixture feels dry.

3. Water each plant about an our before, and allow to drain.

1. Use Eco Grow tear and tip ‘Organic All Purpose Potting Mix’ straight from the bag. 2. Gather all plants for re-potting, along with clean containers and potting mix.

CAUTION

10 to 16KgMaintain natural curves of back- use proper lifting techniques

FIRST AID Irrigate eyes with plenty of water for 10 minutes.Wash skin with soap and water.Seek medical attention for any persistent skin, eye or respiratory symptoms.

DISPOSAL Follow above safety precautions and collect in containers for disposal as trade waste in accordance with local

authority guidelines.

MANUFACTURER ECO GROW TEAR AND TIP LTD. 26 PARKVILLE DRIVE, MELTON VIC 3337 AUSTRALIAFor further information refer to the Material Saftey Data Sheet for this product which is available from Eco Grow tear and tip Pty Ltd.

DISCLAIMER The information contained on this label is given in faith. It is accurate to the best of our knowledge but as the manufacturer or supplier cannot exercise control over the use of this product, they accept no responsibility for any damage, injury or loss of living things, soils or materials which may result from its use or storage. Eco Grow tear and tip, Organic All Purpose Potting Mix is produced with renewable resources.


AU

STR

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.com

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Free

Cal

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AU

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tearandtip.com.au

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Manufactured by Eco G

row tear and tip Pty Ltd

26 Parkville Drive M

elton Victoria 3337 A

ustralia

Store under cool conditions

9� 313209� 650329

933 mm

960 mm

20 mm

271 mm

271 mm

271 mm

20 mm20 mm

20 mm

40 mm

40 mm

Eco Grow Technical Drawing

3D Modeling for Objects and the Environment

• Autodesk Maya • 3D modelling• UV mapping• Vector outline• Application of Texture• Application of lighting• Camera flythrough• Rendering• Assembly of camera renders into After Effects

3D Modeling for Objects and the Environment

Paper Planes

1. Fold the sheet across the middle. Reopen the sheet. Fold the two upper corners against the middle.

4. Fold the upper corners backward and double. Flatten the folds well.

8. Fold the wings horizontally on the dotted lines.

7. Fold the whole model in two. Again remember to flatten the folds well, otherwise you’ll end up with wrinkles in the wings, and this will have a negative influence on its flying ability.

5. and 6. Turn the model over and fold the tip that is now at the bot-tom upward on the dotted line.

This you do by folding the short tip downward. The larger tip under it now is on top.

2. Fold the two sides on the dot-ted lines to the middle fold.

3. Then fold the tip downward against the bottom of the paper. Flatten the folds well.

Melissa PrinceFashion TiesFlight LieutenantHDC001

Fashion TiesFashion Ties

1

4 5 6

7 8

2 3

Fashion is a key aspect in todays society. My aim was to push fashion to its limits through the use of vibrant colours and pattern choices.



3. Fold the points a to the inside, pulling points b downward. This will make folds on the dotted lines.

4. Fold the point upward and fold the model in half toward the back.

5. Fold the wings downward on the dotted line.

5

3

a a

bb

1 2

4

2. Fold the point downward even with the bot-tom of the sheet.


Melissa PrinceFashion TiesWing CommanderHDC001


5. Fold the upper point downward and at the same time fold the two sides toward the inside. The two sides will come between the point and the sheet on the back side.

10. Fold the side points as shown in the drawing toward the inside. These will form the jet motors later on.

9. Fold the sides on the dotted line toward the inside. Flatten all the folds well by pressing.

11. Fold the whole model in half toward the back.

12. Fold the each wing to the side.

6. Fold the point upward again, on the dotted line. Press all the folds flat.

7. This step is a difficult one. Pull the top layer on the two corners on the sides upward. Then fold the underlying flaps on the dotted line toward the inside.

8. By pulling the bottom of the triangle up a little it’s possible to fold the side points of the underlying flaps toward the inside.

2. and 3. Fold the slanted right top side downward along the long side and back up again

4. Repeat the previous two steps with the left side as well. Then fold the point downward on the dotted line. Make these folds double (backward and forward) to make the next step easier.


Melissa PrinceFashion TiesFlying OfficerHDC001


1

5

9 10 11 12

6 7 8

2 3 4

Men’s ties represented the theme for the paper planes. The type of tie distinguished the hierarchy of the planes through the occasion in which it would be worn to.

Type as Image

Through the theme of the 70’s, ABBA was selected to represent a poster which is based around type as image.

reunites for a fi nal performance

After 30 years the fi nal show of ABBA is due to grace our stage. This multi million record selling pop music sensation will reunite to perform their legendary songs. In September 2002 don’t miss this once in a life time opportunity, for ‘Who can live without it’, a chance to see in person the group who lights up the dance fl oor. This concert will reignite the greatest hits of all time.

September 9 2002Thursday 8pm

Rod Laver ArenaTickets are available online atticketek.com.au

Annie’s Garden Retreat

Business Card and Brochure

Buckland Valley Bright

Annie’sGarden Retreat

Bookings: [email protected] 0409 453 466631 Buckland Valley Road

Porepunkah VIC 3740

• Secludedgardens• Creekfrontage• BBQfacilities• 10mheatedpool• 3bathrooms• 5bedrooms• Sleepsupto20people

Annie’sGarden Retreat DevilsCreek

HarrisLane

toBucklandValley

toMtBuffalo

GreatAlpineRoad

Porepunkah

toBright



DevilsCreek

HarrisLane

toBucklandValley

toMtBuffalo

GreatAlpineRoad

Porepunkah

toBright631BucklandValleyRoadPorepunkahVIC3740

Bookings:[email protected]

Documents

Portfolio