Porlas Skin

8/14/2019 Porlas Skin

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Reported by:

Porlas, Mary Josephine N.

BN41


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skin neoplasms(also known as "skin cancer")are skin growths with differing causes and

varying degrees of malignancy.

Skin cancer is the most common form ofhuman cancer.


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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

The most common cancer in humans, a cancer thatdevelops in the basal cells - skin cells located in the lowest layerof the epidermis.

Most BCCs appear on skin with a history of exposure to the sun, suchas the face, ears, scalp, and upper trunk.

BCC can take several forms:

a shiny translucent or pearly nodule

a sore that continuously heals and then re-opens

a pink slightly elevated growth

reddish irritated patches of skin a waxy scar.

These tumors tend to grow slowly and can take years to reach inch in size. While these tumors very rarely metastasize (cancerspreads to other parts of the body)


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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Found in the upper layer of the epidermis.

SCC tends to develop in fair-skinned middle-aged and elderly

people who have had long-term sun exposure.

It most often appears as a:

crusted or scaly area of skin with a red inflamed base thatresembles a growing tumor

non-healing ulcercrusted-over patch of skin

While most commonly found on sun-exposed areas of thebody, it can develop anywhere, including the inside of themouth and the genitalia.

SCC may arise from actinic keratoses,which are dry, scaly lesions that may

be skin-colored, reddish-brown

or yellowish-black.


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Melanomamelanoma begins in the melanocytes, cells

within the epidermis that give skin its color.

Melanoma has been coined the most lethal formof skin cancer because it can rapidly spread tothe lymph system and internal organs.

Once its spreads, the prognosis is poor. Melanomamost often develops in a pre-existing mole orlooks like a new mole, which is why it isimportant for people to know what their moleslook like and be able to detect changestoexisting moles and spot new moles.


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small lump (spot or mole) that is shiny, waxy,pale in color, and smooth in texture.

A red lump (spot or mole) that is firm

A sore or spot that bleeds or become crusty. Alsolook for sores that don't heal.

Rough and scaly patches on the skin.

Flat scaly areas of the skin that are red orbrown.

Any new growth that is suspicious


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exposure to sun.

age

exposure to ultraviolet radiation

therapeutic radiationheredity

environment


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Cancer develops when DNA, the molecule

found in cells that encodes genetic

information, becomes damaged and the body

cannot repair the damage. These damagedcells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably.

When this occurs in the skin, skin cancer

develops. As the damaged cells multiply, they

form a tumor. Since skin cancer generally

develops in the epidermis, the outermost

layers of skin, a tumor is usually clearly

visible. This makes most skin cancers

detectable in the early stages.


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Skin examination: Biopsy: All or part of the abnormal-looking

growth is cut from the skin and viewed under

a microscope by a pathologist to check for

signs of cancer. There are three main typesof skin biopsies:

Shave biopsy: A sterile razor blade is used to

shave-off the abnormal-looking growth.

Punch biopsy: A special instrument called apunch or a trephine is used to remove a circle of

tissue from the abnormal-looking growth.

Excisional biopsy: A scalpel is used to remove the

entire growth.


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Surgery

Mohs micrographic surgery: The tumor is cut from the skin in thinlayers. During surgery, the edges of the tumor and each layer oftumor removed are viewed through a microscope to check forcancer cells. Layers continue to be removed until no more cancercells are seen. This type of surgery removes as little normal

tissue as possible and is often used to remove skin cancer on theface.


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Simple excision: The tumor is cut from the skin

along with some of the normal skin around it.

Shave excision: The abnormal area is shaved off the

surface of the skin with a small blade.

Cryosurgery: A treatment that uses an instrument to

freeze and destroy abnormal tissue, such as

carcinoma in situ. This type of treatment is also

called cryotherapy.


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Laser surgery: A surgical procedure that uses a laser beam

(a narrow beam of intense light) as a knife to make

bloodless cuts in tissue or to remove a surface lesion such

as a tumor.

Radiation therapy: a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or

other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing.

There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses

a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal

radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds,

wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. Theway the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the

cancer being treated.

Chemotherapy: a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of

cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.

Chemotherapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis isusually topical (applied to the skin in a cream or lotion).

Retinoids (drugs related to vitamin A) are sometimes used to

treat squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.


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Photodynamic therapy(PDT): is a cancer treatmentthat uses a drug and a certain type of laser light to

kill cancer cells. A drug that is not active until it is

exposed to light is injected into a vein. The drugcollects more in cancer cells than in normal cells. For

skin cancer, laser light is shined onto the skin and the

drug becomes active and kills the cancer cells.

Photodynamic therapy causes little damage tohealthy tissue.

Biologic therapy (biotherapy or immunotherapy): is a

treatment that uses the patientsimmune system to

fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made ina laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the

bodys natural defenses against cancer.


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Seek the shades especially at 10AM- 4PM

Do not burn

Avoid tanning and UV tanning booths

Cover up with clothingUse sunscreen

Examine your skin head to toe ever month

See your physicians

Documents

Porlas Skin