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Population Growth• In the last half of the
twentieth century the world’s population has increased dramatically
1800 – 1 billion1930 – 2 billion1960 – 3 billion1976 – 4 billion1988 – 5 billion1999 – 6 billion2012 – 7 billion2014 – 7.125 billion
Reasons for Rapid Population Growth
1. Death Rate (Number of deaths each year per 1,000 people) has decreased
Better farming techniques New medicines
Vaccines to prevent diseaseBetter living conditionsImprovements in health care
2. Birth Rate (Number of live births each year per 1,000 people) has increased in some areas of the world.
Asia, Africa, and Latin America – families are traditionally large because children work on the farms.
4. Shortage of housing
Demand for housing outstrips supply
Tent cities
Population Density• Average number of people in a square mile or a
square kilometer– Divide the total population by the land area of a
country or region
Example: EgyptOverall population density – 173 people per sq. mi.Within 20 miles of the Nile River – 5,500 people per sq. mi.
Example: Afghanistan and NepalPopulation of both about the sameNepal much smaller in area than AfghanistanNepal – 447 people per sq. mi.Afghanistan – 103 people per sq. mi.
Population Distribution• People live on a small
fraction of the earth’s surface.
•Population is not distributed,
or spread, evenly.
Where People Live
• The densest clusters of people are in four regions:– East Asia
• China
– South Asia• India
– Europe– Eastern North America
• New York, Boston, Washington DC
Population Patterns• Urban - city
– ½ of world population lives in cities
– In many countries, urban populations are growing twice as fast as rural
• Rural– Agricultural countryside
Population patterns• Metropolitan areas
– Central cities surrounded by suburbs
• Urbanization– Growth of city
populations
Population MovementEmigrate – people leave the country where they were
born and move to another
Known as emigrants in their homeland and immigrants in their new country