Population Explosion

Population ExplosionPopulation Explosion

http://www.ted.com/talks/catherine_mohr_builds_green.html

Questions to Think About…Questions to Think About…

How fast has the human population How fast has the human population grown in the past?grown in the past?

What is the world population likely to What is the world population likely to be in the future?be in the future?

What factors are responsible for the What factors are responsible for the world’s human population?world’s human population?

Human Numbers Through Time: Human Numbers Through Time: 2000 years ago2000 years ago

At the dawn of the first millennium the At the dawn of the first millennium the world’s population was around 200 million world’s population was around 200 million peoplepeople

1000 years later1000 years later The population had risen by as little as 400 The population had risen by as little as 400

million. And well into the second millennium, it million. And well into the second millennium, it grew less than 0.1 percent each year. The grew less than 0.1 percent each year. The numbers in Europe even fell in the 1300’s numbers in Europe even fell in the 1300’s because of the Black Plague. because of the Black Plague.

But Beginning in the late 18But Beginning in the late 18thth Century...Century...

The Industrial The Industrial Revolution saw major Revolution saw major changes occur within changes occur within agriculture, agriculture, manufacturing, and manufacturing, and transportation transportation industries, and they industries, and they had a profound effect had a profound effect on society. Living on society. Living standards were raised standards were raised which in turn spurred which in turn spurred growth.growth.

In the year 1800In the year 1800

The population climbed to 1 billion people, The population climbed to 1 billion people, with 65% of the total population living in with 65% of the total population living in Asia.Asia.

In the year 1927In the year 1927

One hundred and twenty seven years later One hundred and twenty seven years later the population reached approximately 2 the population reached approximately 2 billion people. billion people.

In the Middle of the CenturyIn the Middle of the Century

The discovery of antibiotics The discovery of antibiotics played an enormous role:played an enormous role:

Many bacterial infections Many bacterial infections in humans could be in humans could be treatedtreated

Cattle and farm animals Cattle and farm animals could also be treated for could also be treated for disease, leading to their disease, leading to their farming in larger groupsfarming in larger groups

Life expectancies began to Life expectancies began to increase leading to increase leading to multiple generations of multiple generations of families living at the same families living at the same timetime

By the year 1960By the year 1960 Advances in medicine, agriculture and Advances in medicine, agriculture and

sanitation had spread to the developing sanitation had spread to the developing world, increasing the population to 3 world, increasing the population to 3 billion people.billion people.

Medical Advances 1930 - 1940Medical Advances 1930 - 1940

Drug discoveries Drug discoveries including including antibiotics and antibiotics and anti-malarial anti-malarial medicationmedication

First kidney dialysis First kidney dialysis machinemachine


Heart-Lung Pump for Heart-Lung Pump for open heart surgery open heart surgery developed (1953)developed (1953)

Jonas Salk discovered Jonas Salk discovered the polio vaccine the polio vaccine (1955)(1955)

DNA structure was DNA structure was defined by Watson defined by Watson and Crickand Crick


First open heart First open heart transplant performed transplant performed by Dr. Christian by Dr. Christian Barnard (1967)Barnard (1967)

First CAT scanner First CAT scanner developeddeveloped

First test tube baby First test tube baby born (1978)born (1978)

Medical Advances Since 1980Medical Advances Since 1980 Fertility treatmentsFertility treatments

Complex surgeries Complex surgeries involving organ involving organ transplantstransplants

Genetically modified Genetically modified organismsorganisms

Edible vaccinesEdible vaccines

CloningCloning

The GREEN RevolutionThe GREEN Revolution Between the 1940’s and 1960’s, a worldwide Between the 1940’s and 1960’s, a worldwide

transformation of agriculture led to significant transformation of agriculture led to significant increases in food production. This transformation increases in food production. This transformation occurred as the result of programs of agricultural occurred as the result of programs of agricultural research, extension, and infrastructural research, extension, and infrastructural development. development.

Food ProductionFood Production

The Green The Green

revolution resulted revolution resulted in increased food in increased food production to meet production to meet the demands of a the demands of a growing growing population.population.

Food ProductionFood Production Irrigation systems that allow for successful Irrigation systems that allow for successful

growth of cropsgrowth of crops

Large scale machinery and silos for harvesting Large scale machinery and silos for harvesting and storing grainsand storing grains

Computerized milking machines to maximize milk Computerized milking machines to maximize milk collectioncollection

Factory farming of pigs, cows and chickensFactory farming of pigs, cows and chickens

Assembly line production and packaging facilities Assembly line production and packaging facilities for virtually all types of foodsfor virtually all types of foods

How Factory Farming Started…How Factory Farming Started… Factory farming began with chickens in the United Factory farming began with chickens in the United

States about the 1930's States about the 1930's Artificial incubators hatched the eggs that were taken Artificial incubators hatched the eggs that were taken

from the breeding hens to replenish the broilers and from the breeding hens to replenish the broilers and egg-layersegg-layers

The enormous amount of excrement produced simply The enormous amount of excrement produced simply fell through the wire mesh floors of the cages the fell through the wire mesh floors of the cages the chickens were kept in – they ate, slept and defecated chickens were kept in – they ate, slept and defecated in the same small space, 24 hours a dayin the same small space, 24 hours a day

Farmers gave the chickens sulphur drugs to prevent Farmers gave the chickens sulphur drugs to prevent contagious diseases and fed them vitamin D to contagious diseases and fed them vitamin D to compensate for loss of sunshinecompensate for loss of sunshine

Finally, to keep labour costs down, farmers automated Finally, to keep labour costs down, farmers automated lighting, watering and feedinglighting, watering and feeding

Elsewhere in the World…Elsewhere in the World…

India is the world's second largest producer of food India is the world's second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. biggest with the food and agricultural sector.

The population of India has grown tremendously, in The population of India has grown tremendously, in part due to their increased food production. This was part due to their increased food production. This was accomplished by:accomplished by:

Expanding farmlandExpanding farmland Planting more than one crop in a seasonPlanting more than one crop in a season Using genetically superior (or modified) seedsUsing genetically superior (or modified) seeds Factory farming methodsFactory farming methods

14 Years Later… 14 Years Later… New reproductive technologies had helped curb New reproductive technologies had helped curb

the growth rate. But with so many people already the growth rate. But with so many people already on the planet, a population "explosion" was under on the planet, a population "explosion" was under way, with most growth happening in the way, with most growth happening in the developing world. The four-billionth baby was developing world. The four-billionth baby was born in 1974. born in 1974.

13 Years Later…13 Years Later…

In 1987 the five-billionth baby was bornIn 1987 the five-billionth baby was born

12 Years Later…12 Years Later… In 1999, the six-billionth baby arrived. Asia is In 1999, the six-billionth baby arrived. Asia is

home to the majority of Earth's inhabitants—home to the majority of Earth's inhabitants—roughly 61 percent, or more than 3.5 billion roughly 61 percent, or more than 3.5 billion people. people.

The World’s Current PopulationThe World’s Current Population

Estimated at 7 billion people and Estimated at 7 billion people and risingrising

Over the next half century, our Over the next half century, our numbers will increase to numbers will increase to approximately nine billion peopleapproximately nine billion people

Nearly all of this growth will take Nearly all of this growth will take place in developing countriesplace in developing countries

Population Growth in the Population Growth in the Developing WorldDeveloping World

Canada is a front-runner in assisting Canada is a front-runner in assisting developing countries in the areas of developing countries in the areas of agriculture, medicine and infrastructureagriculture, medicine and infrastructure

CIDA (Canadian International Development CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) is Canada’s lead agency for Agency) is Canada’s lead agency for developmental assistancedevelopmental assistance

CIDACIDA

CIDA’s mandate is CIDA’s mandate is to support to support sustainable sustainable development in development in order to reduce order to reduce poverty, and poverty, and contribute to a contribute to a more secure, more secure, equitable and equitable and prosperous worldprosperous world

CIDA : Regions and CountriesCIDA : Regions and Countries CIDA funds projects and programs around the CIDA funds projects and programs around the

world, including UN agenciesworld, including UN agencies

CIDA also directly supports the governments of CIDA also directly supports the governments of developing countriesdeveloping countries

Global Population in 2050…Global Population in 2050…

“As you improve health in a society, population growth goes down. …before I learned about it, I thought it was paradoxical.”

– Bill Gates, Microsoft Corp.

“As you improve health in a society, population growth goes down. …before I learned about it, I thought it was paradoxical.”

– Bill Gates, Microsoft Corp.

http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Pages/home.aspx

Human Population and Growth

http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf

Is population growth really a problem?

It has resulted in technological innovations, improved sanitation, better medical care, increased agricultural output, a decline in death rates and a drop in infant mortality.

Demographic TransitionDemographic transition is a theoretical model of economic and cultural change that explains the trend of declining death rates and birth rates that occurs when nations become industrialized.

Pre industrial: characterized by condition in which both death rates and birth rates are highTransitional stage: death rates decline and birth rates remain high.Industrial stage: creates employment opportunities, particularly for women causing birth rate to fallPost-industrial stage: both birth rates and death rates remain low and populations stabilize or decline slightly.

Demographic Transition

4 stages of demographic transition

Population growth is seen as a temporary phenomenon

FIGURE 6.14

Future of Humans ?Many people believe that humans will overshoot the Earth’s carrying capacity thereby degrading the earth and, in the long run, the carrying capacity will decrease overall.

We do know that the population explosion has negatively affected both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, resulting in severe consequences for the future of mankind.

Human impact:

Habitat destruction – more land used for cropsGlobal warming – (weather extremes and melting)Water pollution (oil spills)

The challenge is to find balance and sustainable solutions.

The challenge is up to you!!!

What do we know??

In your text pages 557-568

Managing growth and resources

Summarize the sections:

•Food requirements•Waste disposal•Preserving Biodiversity

ReferencesReferences www.classbrain.com www.classbrain.com www.leeds.ac.uk www.leeds.ac.uk www.enviroblog.orgwww.enviroblog.org www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/ www.conservationtech.com www.conservationtech.com www.faqs.orgwww.faqs.org animalscience.wordpress.com animalscience.wordpress.com www.leyden.co.nz www.leyden.co.nz http://www.inthesetimes.com excusetoeatvancouver.blogspot.com excusetoeatvancouver.blogspot.com http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/index-e.htmhttp://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/index-e.htm

Documents

Population Explosion