Population and CulturePopulation and Culture

Bell Task: Read Ch. 3 Sec. 1Bell Task: Read Ch. 3 Sec. 1

pp. 86-98pp. 86-98

What is Culture?What is Culture?

Questions to AnswerQuestions to Answer

Why is population density distributed Why is population density distributed unevenly around the world?unevenly around the world?

What are some possible effects of What are some possible effects of population growth?population growth?

What are some of the elements of What are some of the elements of culture?culture?

How do cultures change?How do cultures change?

CultureCulture

The beliefs and actions that define a The beliefs and actions that define a group of people’s way of life. group of people’s way of life.

What is the culture of Bolivar What is the culture of Bolivar High School?High School?

PopulationPopulation

How has the growth of Bolivar How has the growth of Bolivar changed the town?changed the town?

Why do people move to cities, what Why do people move to cities, what are the advantages and are the advantages and disadvantages?disadvantages?

Where People LiveWhere People Live

More than 6 billion people live on the earth, More than 6 billion people live on the earth, and in some areas the and in some areas the population densitypopulation density,, or or average number of people who live in a average number of people who live in a square mile or square kilometer, is very high.square mile or square kilometer, is very high.

Only a small portion of the earth’s surface is Only a small portion of the earth’s surface is suitable for human habitation.suitable for human habitation.

People have adapted to different People have adapted to different environments, and at the same time human environments, and at the same time human activity has altered the earth’s physical activity has altered the earth’s physical landscape.landscape.

PopulationPopulation

The world’s population has grown The world’s population has grown dramatically in recent centuries.dramatically in recent centuries.

Modern technology, such as Modern technology, such as improved medical care and increased improved medical care and increased food production, has enabled people food production, has enabled people to live much longer, but it poses a to live much longer, but it poses a special problem for poorer countries.special problem for poorer countries.

Is Overpopulation a Is Overpopulation a Problem?Problem?

PopulationPopulation

Different countries have different balances Different countries have different balances between the between the birthrate,birthrate, or the number of live or the number of live births per 1,000 people per year, and the births per 1,000 people per year, and the death rate.death rate.

Population is affected by the number ofPopulation is affected by the number of immigrantsimmigrants and and emigrants.emigrants.

Many people live in metropolitan areas, and Many people live in metropolitan areas, and the process of growth of city populations, or the process of growth of city populations, or urbanizationurbanization,, is going on throughout the is going on throughout the world.world.

Go to Table of Countries Go to Table of Countries (p.742)(p.742)

Why do you think population growth Why do you think population growth rates are higher in less developed rates are higher in less developed countries.countries.

Which regions of the world have the Which regions of the world have the highest annual population growth rates?highest annual population growth rates?

Are there any countries in the region Are there any countries in the region that do not fit the pattern?that do not fit the pattern?

Why are the densest concentration of Why are the densest concentration of people in urban areas?people in urban areas?

Why is urbanization a problem in Why is urbanization a problem in many areas?many areas?

The Nature of CultureThe Nature of Culture

Culture is reflected in material ways, such Culture is reflected in material ways, such as food, clothing, and architecture, and in as food, clothing, and architecture, and in nonmaterial ways, such as language and nonmaterial ways, such as language and government.government.

A A culture hearthculture hearth is a place where is a place where important ideas begin and spread to important ideas begin and spread to surrounding cultures.surrounding cultures.

Language is the cornerstone of culture and Language is the cornerstone of culture and reflects a culture’s identity.reflects a culture’s identity.

Religion helps people understand basic Religion helps people understand basic questions about the meaning of life, and questions about the meaning of life, and religious beliefs vary from culture to culture.religious beliefs vary from culture to culture.

Every culture has a way of organizing its Every culture has a way of organizing its society, and most have social classes that society, and most have social classes that rank people in order of status.rank people in order of status.

In many cultures, social mobility is In many cultures, social mobility is restricted, and limits are often imposed upon restricted, and limits are often imposed upon women and ethnic or religious minorities.women and ethnic or religious minorities.

Cultures are changed by both internal and external Cultures are changed by both internal and external influences.influences.

Many cultural changes result from the invention of Many cultural changes result from the invention of new items or new ways of doing things.new items or new ways of doing things.

Cultural convergenceCultural convergence occurs when the skills, arts, occurs when the skills, arts, ideas, habits, and institutions of one culture come ideas, habits, and institutions of one culture come into contact with those of another culture.into contact with those of another culture.

DiffusionDiffusion is the process by which a cultural is the process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group to another.element is transmitted from one group to another.

Cultural divergenceCultural divergence,, or restriction from outside or restriction from outside influences, occurs when cultural contact is limited.influences, occurs when cultural contact is limited.

Assignment:Assignment:

Complete Ch. 3 Sec. 1 Guided Complete Ch. 3 Sec. 1 Guided reading and Reviewreading and Review

The World’s CountriesThe World’s Countries Each country has four specific characteristics: a Each country has four specific characteristics: a

defined territory, a population, a sovereignty, and a defined territory, a population, a sovereignty, and a government.government.

A country’s territory includes the land, water, and A country’s territory includes the land, water, and natural resources within its boundaries.natural resources within its boundaries.

Natural resources can be more important than a Natural resources can be more important than a country’s size.country’s size.

In return for taxes, military service, or other In return for taxes, military service, or other obligations, citizens of countries are usually obligations, citizens of countries are usually assured protection by their government.assured protection by their government.

SovereigntySovereignty is a nation’s freedom from outside is a nation’s freedom from outside control. control.

A sovereign country is one that determines its own A sovereign country is one that determines its own policies and actions.policies and actions.

2

Government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides for its

common needs.

Types of GovernmentTypes of Government

Government StructureGovernment Structure A A unitary systemunitary system is is

one in which the one in which the central government central government makes decisions for makes decisions for the entire country.the entire country.

In a In a federation,federation, the the national government national government has some powers and has some powers and others are reserved others are reserved for local governments.for local governments.

Smaller political units Smaller political units keep their sovereignty keep their sovereignty and give the central and give the central government few government few powers in a powers in a confederation.confederation.

Government AuthorityGovernment Authority Until modern times, most Until modern times, most

countries had countries had authoritarian authoritarian governments.governments.

A A dictatorshipdictatorship is a is a government in which government in which power is concentrated in power is concentrated in few people, andfew people, and totalitarianismtotalitarianism is the most is the most extreme form of extreme form of dictatorship.dictatorship.

The most common form of The most common form of authoritarian government authoritarian government has been has been monarchy.monarchy.

Any country in which Any country in which people choose their own people choose their own leaders and set leaders and set government policy is a government policy is a democracy.democracy.

2

2Types of Economic SystemsTypes of Economic Systems In a In a traditional economy,traditional economy,

nearly all goods and nearly all goods and services produced by people services produced by people are consumed by their own are consumed by their own families or villages. families or villages.

A A market economymarket economy is an is an economy in which individuals economy in which individuals and groups have a great deal and groups have a great deal of freedom, and decisions are of freedom, and decisions are influenced by the “laws of influenced by the “laws of supply and demand.”supply and demand.”

A A command economycommand economy is an is an economic system that is economic system that is controlled by a single, central controlled by a single, central government, and decisions government, and decisions are made to achieve political are made to achieve political or social goals.or social goals.

A mixed economy, like A mixed economy, like socialism, includes elements socialism, includes elements of market and command of market and command economies.economies.

Political and Economic Political and Economic SystemsSystems

What are four characteristics shared What are four characteristics shared by all countries?by all countries?

How do various types of government How do various types of government differ from one another?differ from one another?

How do various types of economic How do various types of economic systems differ from one another?systems differ from one another?