ForumJune 20, 2007 - Napa, CA

Pome and Stone Fruit Viruses:The Continuing Threat

Marc Fuchs

Department of Plant PathologyCornell University

New York State Agricultural Experiment StationGeneva, NY 14456

mf13@cornell.edu

Hudson Valley Fruit SchoolFebruary 17, 2016

Viruses Name Acronym

Major apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSVapple stem grooving virus ASGVapple stem pitting virus ASPV

apple mosaic virus ApMVtomato ringspot virus ToRSV

Minor cherry leafroll virus CLRVtobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses of Apple in New York

Viruses Name Acronym

Major apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSVapple stem grooving virus ASGVapple stem pitting virus ASPV

apple mosaic virus ApMVtomato ringspot virus ToRSV

Minor cherry leafroll virus CLRVtobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses of Apple in New York

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus - ACLSV

Howell W.E. & Eastwell K.C., WSU

B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

Apple stem grooving virus - ASGV

HealthyInfected

Howell W.E. & Eastwell K.C., WSU

Apple stem pitting virus - ASPV

Wilcox, W.F., CornellYanase H., Japan

ASPV

ASPV on SweeTango/Bud.9 Breth D. I., CCE

Breth D.I. & Liz Tee, CCERed Delicious/G.935

ASPV + ACLSV

ASPV

ASPV + ACLSV

Breth D.I., CCERed Delicious/G.935

ASPV + ACLSV + ASGV on Granny SmithEastwell,K.E., WSU

Apple green crinkle disease

Apple mosaic virus - ApMV

Podleckis E. V., USDA-APHIS

Transmission of ACLSV, ASGV, ASPV and ApMV

• No known insect vector

• No seed transmission

• Budding, grafting & top working

ToRSV on Gingergold/M26

Halbrendt J. M., PSU

Tomato ringspot virus – ToRSV

Ogrodnick, J., CornellRed Delicious on MM. 106

Transmission ofToRSV, CLRV and TRSV

• Dagger nematodes

Abawi G., Cornell

Xiphinema americanum

Transmission ofToRSV, CLRV and TRSV

• Dagger nematodes

• No seed transmission

• Budding, grafting and top working

Management Strategies ofApple Viruses

• Carefully select new trees:- Avoid susceptible cultivar/rootstock

combinations

- Pick tolerant/resistant cultivars and rootstocks

- Choose clean trees, buds and rootstock liners

• Carefully select scion buds for top working

• Scout for virus symptoms:- Foliar discoloration or deformity

- Change in growth habit or maturity timeline

- Stem pitting or union necrosis

- Fruit deformation

- Lack of vigor or decline

- Inability to cope with other stressors

Management Strategies ofApple Viruses

Viruses Name AcronymMajor prunus necrotic ringspot virus PNRSV

prune dwarf virus PDVplum pox virus PPV

Minor apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSVapple mosaic virus ApMVcherry leafroll virus CLRVpeach rosette mosaic virus PRMVplum line pattern virus APLPVplum bark necrosis stem p virus PBNSPaV tomato ringspot virus ToRSV tobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses of Stone Fruits in New York

Viruses Name AcronymMajor prunus necrotic ringspot virus PNRSV

prune dwarf virus PDVplum pox virus PPV

Minor apple chlorotic leaf spot virus ACLSVapple mosaic virus ApMVcherry leafroll virus CLRVpeach rosette mosaic virus PRMVplum line pattern virus APLPVplum bark necrosis stem p virus PBNSPaV tomato ringspot virus ToRSV tobacco ringspot virus TRSV

Viruses of Stone Fruits in New York

Prunus necrotic ringspot - PNRSV

Infected Healthy

Prunus dwarf virus - PDVEPPO

Transmission of PNRV and PDV

• No known insect vector

• Pollen transmission

• Budding, grafting & top working

PlumM. Ravelonandro, INRA, France

http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/pestrava/ppv/ppve.shtml T. Candresse, INRA, France

Nectarine

P. Gentit, CTIFL, France

Apricot

Peach

Nectarine

PPV

Transmission of PPV

• Transmitted by aphids

• Budding, grafting & top working

Management Strategies of Apple and Stone Fruit Viruses

• Carefully select new trees and/or buds

• Carefully select new planting sites

• Manage weeds

• Rogue infected trees if growth and productivity as unsatisfactory

• Be proactive, don’t introduce a new disease problem close to your trees

High quality juices/wines …

Healthy vineyards …

Healthy vines!

High quality apples and stone fruits …

Healthy orchards …

Healthy trees!