Upload
others
View
5
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Polypropylene Carbonate- Chain Extension Studies
Murali Reddy, Manjusri Misra, Amar Mohanty Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre,
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
O O
C H 3
O n
Outline ▪Introduction
▪Experimental
▪Results
▪Conclusions
▪Future work
▪Acknowledgments
CO2 Emissions
GDP, Energy Demand & CO2 Emissions
GDP, Energy Demand & CO2 Emissions
BHP Billiton, 2014
Carbon Capture and Utilization
Sequestration
Utilization
Conversion
Non-Conversion
Mineralization
Biological
Liquid Fuels Polymers Urea
Carbonates Concrete
Algae
Chemical
CO2 Polymer Co-Polymerization
Catalyst
Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) Advantages
▪Biodegradable & Biocompatible ▪Elongation at Break ▪Barrier Property
Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) Disadvantages
▪Thermal Stability ▪Glass Transition Temperature ▪Molecular Weight
Experimental
Specific Mechanical Energy
Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC), a product of Zhejiang Hangzhou Xinfu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., China
CESA®ExtendOMAN698493 was provided by Clariant®
Processing temperature:180 °C, Screw speed :100 rpm
Compression Molding: Carver Press
Pneumatic Cutter : ASTM D638 Type IV specimen.
Characterization
Dynamic Rheology Tests
Parallel-Plate Geometry
( Anton Paar MCR 302)
Dynamic frequency sweep : 1 % strain
Frequency Range of 0.1 to 500 rad/ s
Temperature : 180 ° C.
Tensile Test
ASTM D638
Instron (model 3382)
Crosshead speed: 50 mm/min
TGA
FTIR
Online Reaction Monitoring Axial force was normalized by FPPC The normalized force increased with CESA content and time Higher content of chain extender lead to melt strengthening of PPC
Storage Modulus
Storage modulus is sensitive to the melt elasticity of a polymer network Higher G’ values at lower frequencies might be due to increasing chain extension/branching levels
Complex Viscosity
Complex viscosity for CESA blends at lower frequencies are higher compared to pure PPC. This might be due to extended chains of PPC with the addition of CESA
FTIR
PPC 1748 cm−1 −C=O bond and the peak at 1230 cm−1 C−O Ester groups in CESA almost disappeared
Stress vs. Strain
Yield and max stress improved with CESA content Improved tensile strength and modulus with CESA content
Tensile Properties
Tensile Strength
(MPa)
Tensile Modulus
(GPa)
Percent elongation
PPC 13.3±0.10 0.65±0.09 519±9
PPC-CESA991 15.6±1.06 0.91±1.06 374±60
PPC-CESA982 16.2±0.29 0.86±0.07 458±20
PPC-CESA973 18.3±0.96 1.1±0.16 385±64
Conclusions
▪PPC was chain extended using epoxide additive ▪Epoxide additive help in melt strengthening of PPC ▪Tensile strength , modulus were improved without significant reduction in elongation
Future Work
▪Determine Mol. Wt. changes ▪Morphology ▪Thermal studies
Acknowledgements
▪This research is financially supported by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)- University of Guelph Bioeconomy Industrial uses Research Program Project # - 200369.
“ Climate change is destroying our path to sustainability. Ours is a world of looming challenges and increasingly limited resources. Sustainable development offers the best chance to adjust our course” – Ban Ki-moon
Thanks!! Any questions?