POLYMERS & COMPOSITES - ts. · PDF fileCONCRETE AND MORTARS ... FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - FRP ... Design Approach: Lightweight Structure design from irst Principles:

POLYMERS & COMPOSITEST2 - MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY

Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites

POLYMERS


POLYMERS

PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES 1907-1ST SYNTHETIC POLYMER TODAY

FROM TO



SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

LARGE MOLECULE COMPOSED OF A CHAIN OR NETWORK OF SMALL REPEATINGSUB-UNITS CALLED MONOMERS

NATURAL POLYMERS

SILK

WOOL

CELLULOSE

DNA

PROTEINS(ie. Resilin, Elastin)

NATURALRUBBER

ETFE PVC NYLON

EPOXIESSILICONE SYNTHETICRUBBER

WHAT IS IT?

SYNTHETIC POLYMERS CLASSIFICATION

ETFE, PVC, POLYETHYLENENYLON, POLYSTYRENE, PTFE

…

POLYESTER RESIN, EPOXIES, DUROPLAST, SILICONE

…

SYNTHETIC RUBBERS…

Source: Ensinger

THERMOPLASTICS THERMOSETS ELASTOMERS

• Unlike Elastomers and Thermosets the molecular chains are not cross-linked.

• Therefore, they demonstrate Plastic behaviour and are thermoformable (meltable and weldable)

• Soft when hated and hard when cold

• 3-Dimensional Closely-meshed cross linking which means they cannot be shaped after hardening.

• Not meltable

• Good chemical resistance and high level of thermal stability

• Hard and Brittle

• Wide-meshed cross-linking of knotted molecular chains

• High level of dimensional stability but still elastically maleable

• Not meltable


http://www.ensinger-online.com/fi/materials/basics-of-plastics/plastics-classification/

POLYMERS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Relative good Strength and Young’s Modulus


COMPOSITES


CONCRETE AND MORTARS


FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS

METAL COMPOSITES CERAMIC COMPOSITES WOOD COMPOSITES

MEMBRANES

COMPOSITESA MATERIAL MADE FROM 2 OR MORE MATERIALS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TO IMPROVE STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, DURABILITY, ETC

A COMBINATION OF A MATRIX AND A REINFORCEMENT

CONCRETE AND MORTARS


FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS

METAL COMPOSITES CERAMIC COMPOSITES WOOD COMPOSITES

MEMBRANES

COMPOSITESA MATERIAL MADE FROM 2 OR MORE MATERIALS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TO IMPROVE STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, DURABILITY, ETC

A COMBINATION OF A MATRIX AND A REINFORCEMENT

FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - FRPMECHANICAL PROPERTIES

• High strength to weight ratio

• Very low stiffness (Young´s Modulus)

• Low Thermal connectivity compared to metals (Steel, Aluminium)

• Potentially low coefficient of Thermal Expansion

• Among Others


THIS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CAN BE TAILORED BY CONTROLLING THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:

• Fibre Type

• Matrix Type

• Fibre Length

• Fibre Orientation

• Fibre Volume Fraction - The proportion of fibres in the material

• Moderate strength

• Low Young's Modulus

• Low Cost

• Thermal conductivity about >100 times lower than aluminium (~1.2W/mK).

GLASS FIBRES ARAMID FIBRESCARBON FIBRES

3 MAIN TYPE OF FIBRES USED:

• High strength

• Very High Young’s Modulus

• High Cost

• High strength

• Moderate Young’s Modulus

• Excellence toughness and impact resistance

• Cost as high as Carbon Fibres

• Thermal conductivity about >2000 times lower than aluminium

FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - CLASSIFICATION


CASE STUDIES


EDEN PROJECTGRIMSHAW ARCHITECTS, CORNWALL, 2000

Grimshaw Architects


ETFE

https://grimshaw.global

Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock

Grimshaw Architects

Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites

ETFE



Grimshaw Architects


DesignApproach:LightweightStructuredesignfrom3irstPrinciples:Ef3iciency,IntegrationofArchitectureExpressionandStructure.

Structure:Light-weightSteelStructureHexagonalModulesthatrangeindiameterfrom5to11m.

Thickness(t):Variates

Span(L):Domesrangefrom18-65mradius.Totalarea23.000sqm

MainMaterial:ETFEFilms.

Young’sModulus(E):15GPa(ETFE)



Grimshaw Architects


ETFE



Grimshaw Architects


ETFE



Grimshaw Architects


ETFE


Grimshaw Architects



ELYTRA FILAMENT PAVILIONACHIM MENGES, V&A MUSEUM, 2016


Images Source: achimmenges.net


http://achimmenges.net




DesignApproach:LightweightStructureinspiredonthelightweightconstructionprinciplesfoundinthe3ilamentstructureoftheforewingsofElytras(3lyingbeetles),beingaverystrongandalsoaverylightstructure

Structure:Light-weightSteelHexagonalCells

Thickness(t):Usuallybetween0.25to1mm

Over200sqm

MainMaterial:TransparentGlassFibresandBlackCarbonFibres.

Young’sModulus(E):GFRP:15-28GPaCFRP:69-150GPa


















ONE OCEAN PAVILIONSOMA, THEMATIC PAVILION SOUTH KOREA EXPO, 2012


Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012


http://www.archdaily.com/236979/one-ocean-thematic-pavilion-expo-2012-soma



FacadeDesignApproach:LightweightGRPadaptivefacadeinspiredbythenaturalswayofvarioustypesofvegetationinnature.

Structure:Light-weightSteelstructure

MainMaterial:GlassFibreReinforcedPlastic(GFRP)

Young’sModulus(E):GFRP:15-28GPa

ONE OCEAN PAVILION - KINETIC FACADE

Span(L):

Thelamellasoccupymorethan3000m2andeachLamellaspansbetween3-15metres















Images Source: The Silk Pavilion

THE SILK PAVILIONPROF. NERI OXMAN, MIT MEDIA LAB, 2013

http://matter.media.mit.edu/environments/details/silk-pavillion#prettyPhoto



FacadeDesignApproach:TheSilkPavilionexplorestherelationshipbetweendigitalandbiologicalfabricationonproductandarchitecturalscales.

Structure:

26polygonalpanelsmadeofsilkthreadslaiddownbyaCNCmachine+aMetalframe

CNCDepositedSilkFiber&SilkwormConstruction

MainMaterial:WormSilk,Silkthread













Images Source: Ark Nova, Isozaki+Kapoor

LUCERNE FESTIVAL ARK NOVAISOZAKI + KAPOOR, JAPAN, 2013

https://www.dezeen.com/2013/09/26/ark-nova-by-arata-isozaki-and-anish-kapoor-completes/



DesignApproach:

Structure:

PVCMembranein3latableStructure

MainMaterial:PVCMembrane

Span(L):around30m

Width:29mLength:36mHeight:18m












ARBOSKIN PAVILION U. OF STUTTGART, ITKE (INSTITUTE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES), 2013

Images Source: ARBOSKIN Pavilion Dezeen

https://www.dezeen.com/2013/11/09/arboskin-spiky-pavilion-with-facademade-from-bioplastics-by-itke/











THE BAD CAFENUDE, MUMBAI, 2016

Images Source: BAD Cafe - Dezeen

http://www.archdaily.mx/mx/797837/the-bad-cafe-nudes











THANKS.

Documents

POLYMERS & COMPOSITES - ts. · PDF fileCONCRETE AND MORTARS ... FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - FRP ... Design Approach: Lightweight Structure design from irst Principles: